Daya daga cikin dabbobi masu ban mamaki a duniyarmu irawat-mai-baki... Tapirs manyan ganyayyaki ne daga umarnin artiodactyl. Suna kama da alade a cikin bayyanar su, duk da haka, suna da kututture kamar giwa. Akwai tatsuniya game da kaset cewa mahalicci ya halicci waɗannan dabbobin daga sauran sassan jikin wasu dabbobi, kuma wannan tatsuniyar tana da kyakkyawan dalili.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: irarfe mai baƙar fata
Tapirus indicus (baƙar fata mai tallafi) na mallakar dabba ne, nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa, dabbobi masu shayarwa na dabbobi, tsarin kofato-kafa, dangin tapir, jinsin halittu, nau'in baƙen fata. Irswanƙwan duwatsu dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki. Kakannin farko na kasussuka sun rayu a wannan duniya tamu shekaru miliyan talatin da suka gabata, amma, a yanzu kusan tapiers ba su bambanta da kakanninsu ba. Sanannen abu ne cewa kafin lokacin Ice, kaset-kaset ya zauna a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da China.
A yau akwai nau'ikan tapirs guda 3 da suka rage:
- Tapir na Mexico (wannan nau'in yana zaune a yankuna daga kudancin Mexico zuwa Ecuador);
- Brazilian (mazaunan yankuna daga Paraguay zuwa Colombia);
- Mountain Tapir na zaune ne a kasashen Kolombiya da Ecuador. An rufe tafukan dutse da ulu mai kauri.
Irswanƙwan duwatsu suna kama da alade ko doki. Legsafafun tapir suna kama da na doki. A kan ƙafafu, kofato-doki suna da yatsa uku a ƙafafun baya, kuma suna da yatsu huɗu a gaba. Hakanan a kafafun akwai kiran kamar doki. Irsusosan suna da babban jiki, ƙaramin kai wanda akwai akwatin motsi a kansa. Wadannan dabbobin an haife su da launi iri daya da kakanninsu suke rayuwa: ratsi mai sauƙi yana wucewa zuwa bangon duhu kuma yana miƙawa daga kai zuwa wutsiya.
Ana rarrabe bututun mai baƙar fata ta hanyar kasancewar babban tabo mai haske a jikin rigar a bayanta da kuma gefunan ta. A shekarar 1919, Georges Cuvier, mashahurin masanin burbushin halittar, yayi bayani cewa dukkanin manyan dabbobi ne kimiyya ta gano su, amma, bayan wasu shekaru sai ya kara wata dabba mai ban mamaki a cikin aikinsa "Tarihin Halitta" - tapir.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: irarfe mai baƙar fata a yanayi
Tapaƙƙarfan mai baƙar fata shine mafi girma a cikin dangin tapir. Tsawon jiki daga 1.9 zuwa mita 2.5. Tsayin dabba a busasshiyar daga 0.8 zuwa mita 1. Babban mutum yayi nauyi daga 245 zuwa 330 kg. Koyaya, akwai wasu mutane masu nauyin rabin tan. Haka kuma, mata sun fi na maza girma. Ana iya banbance tabir mai ido mai duhu da sauran jinsuna ta babban farin tabo a bayan baya, wanda kuma ya sauka zuwa bangarorin. Launin gashi na tafkin ruwan kasa mai duhu ne ko baƙi.
Akwai farin iyaka a saman kunnuwan. A lokacin haihuwa, theanyen suna da launi mai taguwa, kuma sai cikin watanni 7 kawai launi ya canza kuma babban farin tabo - sirdi a kan rigar. Gashin wannan nau'in gajere ne. Fata mai kauri ne kuma mai kauri. A kan napep da kai, fatar tana da yawa musamman, wannan yana kiyaye tabin daga rauni.
Bidiyo: taparfe mai baƙar fata
Tapir babban dabba ne mai kama da kofato kamar dawakai. Gait ɗin ba shi da kyau, amma tapirs suna motsi da sauri. Kan yana da girman girma a kai akwai kananan kunnuwa da babban akwati mai sassauci. An kafa akwati ta leɓe na sama da hanci.
Idon dabba kanana ne, oval ne. Yawancin mutanen wannan nau'in suna da cuta kamar rashin tabin hankali, don haka yawancin masu tapirs ba su da gani sosai. Koyaya, wannan ya zama sanadin kamshi da kyakkyawan ƙanshi da taɓawa. Tapir yana da ƙaramar wutsiya. Legsafafun dabba suna kama da tsari kamar na doki, duk da haka, sun fi guntu da yawa.
A ina ne tataccen mai baƙar fata yake rayuwa?
Hoto: Tafiya mai baƙar fata a cikin Thailand
A cikin daji, tapirs suna zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya; waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki kuma ana iya samun su a tsakiya da kudancin yankunan Thailand, a Malaysia, Miami, da kuma tsibirin Sumatra. A cikin ƙananan lambobi, ana iya samun waɗannan dabbobin a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a kudancin Cambodia da Vietnam. Tebur suna zama a cikin dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka.
Suna zaɓar wuraren da akwai ciyayi da yawa musamman kuma inda zasu iya ɓoyewa daga idanun mahara. Aya daga cikin mahimman abubuwa yayin zaɓar mazaunin shine kasancewar tafki. Tafifan ƙwararrun masu ninkaya ne kuma suna rayuwa mafi yawan rayuwarsu a cikin ruwa; ba sa jure zafi da yawancin rana a cikin tafki. Lokacin yin iyo, waɗannan dabbobin ma suna haɗuwa da ƙananan kifi, suna tsabtace gashin dabba daga ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Daga cikin kaset-kaset masu tallafi na baƙar fata, galibi akwai bakake mutane baki ɗaya, waɗanda ake kira melanists. Baya ga launi, ba su da bambanci da sauran wakilan wannan nau'in. Tsawon rayuwar tasiyoyi ya kai kimanin shekaru 30.
Dabbobi na ƙoƙari kada su je filaye da buɗaɗɗun wurare saboda suna da makiya da yawa duk da girman su. Tigers da zakuna, anacondas da sauran masu cin nama da yawa suna mafarkin cin naman dabbar. Sabili da haka, masu tapiers suna rayuwa ta sirri, suna yawo a cikin daji galibi da daddare, da daddare launinsu yakan zama wani abu ne na ɓoyewa, tunda a cikin duhu mai farauta ba zai iya bambance yanayin halittar dabba ganin fari kawai ba, irin wannan yaudarar gani tana ceton tapirs daga masu farauta.
Yanzu kun san inda tabin mai baƙar fata yake zaune. Bari muga me zai ci.
Me kashin baya mai baƙar fata yake ci?
Hotuna: irawataccen Blackarfe daga Jar Littafin
Faifan faya-fayen ciyawa ne.
Abincin na tapir ya kunshi:
- ganye na tsire-tsire iri-iri;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- rassa da harbe-harben shrubs;
- gansakuka, namomin kaza da lichen;
- ganye da algae.
Fiye da duka, masu yin tapi suna son gishiri, sau da yawa ana ɗauke ta a jikinsu, tapiers na iya yin tafiya mai nisa don neman wannan abincin. Hakanan suna buƙatar cin alli da yumɓu, waɗannan abubuwa sune kyakkyawan tushen abubuwan gano abubuwan amfani. Yayin da kasassun ruwa suke cikin ruwa, suna tsinke algae da gangar jikinsu, suna cin plankton, kuma suna ɗeɓe rassa daga cikin ciyawar da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye. Tapir yana da kyakkyawar na'ura don samun abinci - gangar jikin. Da gangar jikin ta, tumbu yakan debo ganyaye da ‘ya’yan itace daga bishiyoyi ya saka a bakinsu.
Duk da rashin kyawun surar, tapirs dabbobi ne masu wahala kuma a lokacin fari zasu iya yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. A wasu yankuna, waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu nutsuwa na iya haifar da babbar illa. Tafiya na iya tattakewa da cin ganye da rassan bishiyoyi a inda ake shuka bishiyoyin cakulan, kuma waɗannan dabbobin ma suna da rabo daga noman rake, mangwaro da kankana, kuma suna iya cutar da gonakin waɗannan shuke-shuke. A cikin bauta, ana ciyar da tapirs abinci iri ɗaya da na aladu. Tafiya suna matukar son cin gurasa da kayan zaki daban-daban. Za a iya cin hatsi, alkama, da sauran 'ya'yan itacen hatsi da kayan lambu iri-iri.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: irarfe mai baƙar fata
A cikin daji, tapirs dabbobi ne masu sirri sosai, ba su da dare. Da rana, waɗannan dabbobin suna kusan kusan yini a cikin ruwa. A can suke ɓoye daga ɓarayi da rana mai zafi. Hakanan waɗannan dabbobi koyaushe basa ƙyamar yin wanka na laka, wannan yana rage musu ƙwayoyin cutar dake rayuwa akan ulu, kuma yana baiwa dabbobi babban nishaɗi. Tafusassun suna iyo sosai, gami da ruwa, suna iya samun abincinsu a can. Jin haɗari, bututun zai iya nitsewa cikin ruwa kuma baya bayyana a saman na ɗan lokaci.
Da daddare, masu tanti suna yawo a cikin daji don neman abinci. Wadannan dabbobin suna gani da kyau sosai, amma rashin hangen nesa yana biya ta kyakkyawan jin wari da tabawa, a cikin duhu ana ji dasu da sauti da kamshi. Tebur na jin kunya sosai, da jin wata hayaniya ko kuma jin cewa dabba za ta iya farautar sa, ta gudu da sauri. Da rana, suna ƙoƙari kada su bar kaurin da ruwa ko ruwa, don kar su zama waɗanda abin ya shafa na mai farauta.
Takalma na tafiyar da rayuwa ta kadaici, kawai abin banda shi ne a lokacin saduwa, lokacin da namiji ya sadu da mace don ta haihu kuma ta haihu. A wasu lokutan, dabbobi suna nuna halin dangi game da danginsu, ba a ba su izinin shiga yankinsu ba, ko da a lokacin yin hijira ne, masu tapiers suna yin ƙaura ɗaya biyu ko biyu daga namiji da mace. Don sadarwa tare da junan su, tapirs suna yin sautunan ringi kwatankwacin busa. Ganin danginsa na kusa da shi, bututun zai yi ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don fitar da shi daga yankinsa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: masu bugun tapirs suna da hankali a hankali daidai da aladun gida. Duk da cewa a cikin daji, waɗannan dabbobin suna nuna ƙarfi, da sauri suna sabawa da rayuwa a cikin bauta, suna fara yin biyayya ga mutane da fahimtar su.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: iran tallafi na Tapir Kub
Lokacin dindindin don tapirs yana faɗuwa a ƙarshen bazara, galibi a ƙarshen Afrilu - Mayu. Amma wani lokacin ma akwai a watan Yuni. A cikin fursuna, tapirs suna shirye don kiwo duk shekara. Kafin saduwa, masu kwalliya suna da wasannin wasa na gaske: dabbobi na yin kuwwa da ƙarfi, da waɗannan sautuka, mata na iya samun namiji a cikin dajin daji, kuma namiji ga mace. Yayin saduwa, dabbobi na gurnani, suna cizon juna, kuma suna yin sauti mai ƙarfi.
Mace ce take farawa da dabba. Ciki a cikin mace na daɗe sosai kuma yakan kai kwanaki 410. Ainihin, tapirs suna haihuwar ɗiya ɗaya, ba safai ake haihuwar tagwaye ba. Mace tana kula da 'yar, tana ciyar da shi kuma tana kiyaye shi daga hatsari.
Bayan haihuwa, cuban yana zaune a cikin matsuguni na wani lokaci, amma yana da shekara ɗaya da sati ɗaya, thean yana fara tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsa. Taananan tapirs suna da launi mai taguwar kariya wanda zai canza a kan lokaci. A cikin watanni shida na farko, mace tana ciyar da ɗiyar da madara; bayan lokaci, cuba cuban sun sauya shuka, suna farawa da ganyaye masu laushi, fruitsa fruitsan itace da ciyawa mai laushi. Kubiyoyin tapirs suna girma cikin sauri kuma idan suka cika wata shida matasa tapir ya zama girman babba. Tebur suna shirye don kiwo yana da shekaru 3-4.
Abokan gaba na ɗakunan tallafi masu baƙar fata
Hotuna: irarfe mai baƙar fata a yanayi
Wadannan kyawawan dabbobi suna da makiya da yawa a cikin daji. Babban maƙiyan tapirs sune:
- cougars;
- jaguars da damisa;
- kadarori;
- maciji Anaconda;
- caimans.
Irsunƙun ruwa suna ɓoyewa a cikin ruwa daga manyan dabbobin da ke cin abincin, saboda waɗannan dabbobin ba sa son ruwa. Amma a cikin ruwan kwalba, wani haɗari yana cikin jira - waɗannan kada da anacondas. Crocodiles suna da sauri kuma suna da kyau a farauta a cikin ruwa, kuma yana da wahala ga kwarangwal ya tsere daga waɗannan mafarautan.
Amma babban makiyin tapirs din ya kasance kuma mutum ne. Mutane ne ke sare gandun dajin da ke famfo. Wadannan dabbobin da ba su da talauci babu inda za su zauna, domin a wajajen budewa nan da nan sai su zama ganimar masu farauta, bugu da kari, ta hanyar sare dazuzzuka, mutum ya hana wadannan dabbobin muhimmin abu - abinci. Kuma a cikin yankuna da yawa mutane suna lalata masu tanti don kiyaye girbin.
Sanannen abu ne cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna cutar da albarkatu da gonaki na 'ya'yan itace da itacen mai, saboda haka mutane suna korar kasko idan suka ga waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa kusa da amfanin gonar. Kodayake a wannan lokacin an hana farautar kasusuwa, wadannan dabbobin na ci gaba da halakarwa saboda ana daukar naman tafki a matsayin abincin gaske, kuma ana yin katako da bulala daga babbar fatar dabbar. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda mutane, yawan zumarsa ya ragu sosai, kuma wannan nau'in yana gab da halaka.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Takalma biyu masu tafin baki
Sakamakon cewa kusan kashi 50% na gandun dajin da ke cikin wuraren ajje kasusuwa an sare su a 'yan shekarun nan, kuma gandun dajin da ke raye sun fi karfin masu tapi, yawan dabbobi ya ragu sosai. A wuraren da waɗannan dabbobin suka kasance suna rayuwa, kashi 10% na gandun daji ne kawai suka rage, waɗanda suka dace da tapiers. Kari a kan haka, mutane sukan tsananta wa dabbobi saboda lalacewa da lalata amfanin gona. Dabbobi galibi ana kashewa ko raunata su ba da gangan ba lokacin da suke son korarsu daga gonakin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan tsire ya shiga gonaki da sauran yankuna da karnuka suka kare, lokacin da karnuka suka kai hari, masu tapi ba sa gudu, amma suna nuna ta'adi. Idan karnuka sun kunna tafkin, za ta iya fara cizo da hari. Bugu da kari, tabir din, yana jin hatsari, na iya afkawa mutum.
A yau jinsunan Tapirus indicus Black-goyon baya tapir aka jera a cikin Red Book kuma yana da matsayi na wani hadari jinsin. Doka ta haramtawa farautar dabbobin wannan nau'in ta hanyar doka, kodayake, mafarauta sun lalata adadi mai yawa na kasusuwa. Tefuna suna da rauni musamman yayin ƙaura, lokacin da aka tilasta su zuwa wuraren buɗewa.
Idan mutane ba su daina sare dazuzzuka da kaset masu farauta ba, waɗannan dabbobin za su shuɗe nan ba da daɗewa ba. Yawancin tapirs yanzu suna rayuwa a cikin tanadi masu kariya, amma waɗannan dabbobin ba su da 'yar kaɗan. Yana da matukar wahala a iya binciko ainihin adadin tapirs a cikin daji saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobin ba su da dare kuma suna da sirri sosai. Kari kan haka, masu tass na iya yin kaura daga wuraren da suka saba don neman abinci, kuma zai iya zama da wahala a tantance sabon wurin da suke.
Kariyar tapiran da ke da baƙar fata
Hotuna: irawataccen Blackarfe daga Jar Littafin
Gandun dazuzzuka na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, inda kaset ke rayuwa, na zama wata babbar barazana ga yawan jinsunan. Don kula da yawan mutanen tapir a Nicaragua, Thailand da sauran ƙasashe da yawa, doka ta hana farautar taɓir. Forcesarin sojoji suna da hannu don yaƙi da mafarauta. Ana ƙirƙirar wuraren ajiya waɗanda waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa da haifuwa cikin nasara. Wannan shi ne Nicaragua National Park, inda ake kirar kaset. Hakanan a Nicaragua akwai wurin ajiyar yanayi a gabar tekun Caribbean, wanda ya mamaye yanki kusan kadada 700.
Tebur na zaune a cikin tsibirin tsibirin Surima wanda ke kewaye da gandun daji kusan murabba'in kilomita 16,000 kusa da Caribbean, Park din Kasa na Brownsburg. Kuma a cikin wasu wuraren ajiya. A can, dabbobi suna jin daɗi kuma suna haifar da 'ya'ya. Bugu da kari, ana noman tapirs a gidajen zoo a duk fadin duniya, har ma a kasarmu, masu tasiyoyi da yawa suna zama a gidan Zoo na Moscow.
A cikin bauta, suna jin daɗi, da sauri suna amfani da mutane kuma suna ba da damar a kula da su. Amma, baya ga waɗannan matakan, yana da mahimmanci a dakatar da sare dazuzzuka a mazaunin waɗannan dabbobin. In ba haka ba, tarkunan da ke da baƙar fata za su mutu kawai. Mu kula da yanayi tare, zamu zama masu lura da dabbobi da wuraren zamansu. Muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar ƙarin wuraren ajiya, wuraren shakatawa a cikin wuraren waɗannan dabbobi da kuma samar da yanayi don rayuwar dabbobi.
Irarfe mai baƙar fata dabba mai natsuwa da sirri. A cikin daji, wadannan talakan talakan dole ne koyaushe su buya daga masu farauta da mafarauta. Dabi'un dabbobi na yau da kullun suna da matukar wahalar bi saboda yadda dabbobin kusan basa yuwuwar bin sawun daji. Ba a san komai game da waɗannan tsoffin dabbobin ta hanyar kimiyyar zamani, kuma za mu iya nazarin halaye na waɗannan tarkunan daga mutanen da aka kama. Abin lura shi ne cewa hatta masu tafin daji, suna jin lafiya, sun daina zama masu zafin rai kuma mutane suna kula da su da kyau.
Ranar bugawa: 21.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/29/2019 a 18:29
