Kifin teku mai kafa takwas

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Kifin teku mai kafa takwas - sanannen sanannen cephalopod mollusk, wanda aka rarraba kusan kusan dukkanin tekuna da tekuna. Wadannan dabbobin ban mamaki na iya daukar sifofi da launuka daban-daban, suna yin kansu kamar abubuwan da suke kewaye da su. Ana amfani da dorinar ruwa tsakanin mutane don dandanon su, don haka a yau akwai gonaki gaba ɗaya don kiwo waɗannan dabbobi.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: dorinar ruwa

Octopuses (su ma dorinar ruwa ne) sune mafi yawan wakilan wakilai na umarnin cephalopod. Masana ilimin lissafi - masana kimiyya wadanda ke nazarin dorinar ruwa, sun rarrabe manyan kungiyoyi biyu da suka banbanta ta hanyar rayuwarsu: kasa da kuma nomadic. Yawancin dorinar ruwa halittun benthic ne.

Jikin dorinar ruwa ya kunshi gaba daya kayan taushi, saboda haka, dangane da binciken burbushin halittu, nazari kan asalin dorinar wuya ne - bayan sun mutu nan da nan sai su narke, ba tare da wata alama a cikin shimfidar ba. Koyaya, masana binciken burbushin halittu na Turai sun gano ragowar wata dorinar ruwa da aka rubuta a cikin ƙasa mai taushi a Labanon.

Bidiyo: dorinar ruwa

Wadannan alamomin an bar su kimanin shekaru miliyan 95 da suka gabata. Ragowar wadannan dorinar ruwa bai banbanta ba ta kowace hanya daga zamani dorinar ruwa - kwafin ya yi daidai, daidai da tsarin ciki. Hakanan akwai wasu nau'ikan dorinar ruwa na burbushin halittu, amma gano abubuwan ban mamaki ya sanya ya yiwu a tabbatar da cewa dorinar ruwa bai canza ba tsawon shekaru miliyoyin da yayi.

Hakanan, wakilai masu zuwa suna cikin tsarin cephalopods:

  • nautilus;
  • kifin kifi
  • squid.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Squids sune mafi girman wakilan cephalopods. A cikin 2007, an kama wata mace mai girman kai, wanda nauyinta ya kai kusan 500 kg.

Ba a samo sunan "cephalopods" kwatsam ba: da yawa (galibi takwas) gabobin farfaji sun tsiro daga kan wakilin wakilin ɓarke. Hakanan sanannen abu ne cewa cephalopods basu da kwasfa masu haɗari ko kuma suna da suturar chitinous mai ɗan kaɗan wanda baya kare su daga tasirin waje ta kowace hanya.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hotuna: Giant Octopus

Octopuses an yi su gaba ɗaya da yashi mai laushi. “Kan” yana da siffa mai tsayi, wanda daga ita ne tanti takwas masu motsi suke fitowa. Baki tare da muƙamuƙi wanda yake kama da bakin tsuntsu yana wurin da za'a iya haɗuwa da dukkan tantina - dorinar ruwa suna kama ganima kuma su ja shi zuwa ga cibiyar su. Budewar dubura tana karkashin mayafin - jakar fata a bayan squid.

Maƙogwaron dorinar hannu yana haƙarƙari, ana kiranta "radula" - yana aiki a matsayin buhunan abinci. Ana haɗa tantin tantanin tantanin halitta ta wani siriri mai shimfiɗawa. Dogaro da girman dorinar ruwa, alfarwarsa na iya samun layi ɗaya ko uku na kofunan tsotsa. Babban dorinar ruwa yana da kimanin masu shaye-shaye dubu 2, kowannensu yana iya ɗaukar nauyin gram 100 na nauyi.

Gaskiyar wasa: Kofuna masu tsotsa ba sa aiki kamar kofunan tsotsa na ɗan adam - a cikin yanayi. Dorinar ruwa ana tsotse shi ta hanyar murdadden ƙwayoyi.

Dorinar kuma abin sha'awa ne saboda yana da zukata guda uku. Na farko yana tafiyar da jini ta cikin jiki, kuma sauran zukatan guda biyu suna aiki ne kamar kurji, suna tura jini don numfashi. Wasu nau'ikan dorinar ruwa suna da dafi, kuma shudayen shudayen shuda da ke zaune a gabar tekun Pacific suna cikin jerin dabbobi masu dafi a duniya.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Octopuses suna da shuɗi mai shuɗi.

Octopuses ba su da kasusuwa ko kowane irin kwarangwal, wanda ke ba su damar canza fasali da yardar kaina. Zasu iya shimfidawa ta karkashin kasa su canza kamanninsu kamar yashi, zasu iya hawa zuwa wuyan kwalba ko wata kunkuntar rami a cikin duwatsu. Hakanan, dorinar ruwa suna iya canza launi, suna daidaita yanayin.

Octopuses sun bambanta cikin girma. Representativesananan wakilai na iya zuwa tsawon 1 cm, mafi girma - (Doctlein's dorinar ruwa) - 960 cm tare da nauyin kilogram 270.

Ina dorinar ruwa yake rayuwa?

Photo: dorinar ruwa a cikin teku

Ana iya samunsu a cikin ruwan dumi na tekuna da tekuna a zurfafa daban-daban.

Octopuses sun zabi wurare masu zuwa don sasantawa mai kyau:

  • zurfin ƙasa, inda yake mai da kansa kamar duwatsu da yashi;
  • abubuwa masu nutsuwa tare da wurare ɓoyayye da yawa;
  • Guraben ruwa;
  • duwatsu.

Octopus suna ɓoye a cikin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da keɓaɓɓun wurare, inda zasu iya farauta. Wasu lokuta dorinar ruwa na iya hawa zuwa cikin kwatar da kwaskwarima ya bar ya zauna a wurin, amma dorinar kansu ba sa fara zama na dindindin.

Matsakaicin zurfin zurfin dorinar ruwa yana rayuwa a cikin natsuwa shine 150 m, kodayake wakilan zurfin zuriyar halittar na iya sauka mil dubu 5 daga ƙasa, kamar squid. Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya samun dorinar ruwa a cikin ruwan sanyi, inda suke da tsananin bacci.

Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin halittun dare, tun da rana suna ɓoyewa a cikin mafakarsu. Lokaci-lokaci, kasancewar rabin barci, dorinar ruwa na iya kama ganima ta ruwa, kuma kusan ba tare da farka ba, ya ci shi.

Octopus na iya iyo, kodayake basa son yinsa - ninkaya yana haifar da yanayi mai rauni inda dorinar ruwa ke da saukin kamewa. Sabili da haka, suna motsawa tare da ƙasa tare da taimakon alfarwa. Ga dorinar ruwa ba wani cikas a cikin yanayin duwatsu da saman fuska - dorinar ruwa yana tafiya tare da su tare da taimakon kofuna masu tsotsa da cafke kowane abu tare da alfarwarsa.

Lokacin yin iyo, suna motsawa a hankali, saboda suna amfani da hanyar kifin kifin: suna ɗaukar ruwa a bakinsu suna turashi. Saboda jinkirinsu, galibi suna ɓoyewa a cikin matsuguni kuma suna yawo cikin yanayin gaggawa.

Me dorinar ruwa yake ci?

Hoto: Babban dorinar ruwa

Octopuses sune tsauraran dabbobin da zasu iya haɗiye kusan duk wani abincinsu, har ma da waɗanda suka fi girma. Dorinar ruwa mai yunwa da haƙuri yana jira a keɓewa, yana canza launinsa zuwa na kamewa. Lokacin da farauta ta yi iyo, sai ya yi jifa da kaifi, yana ƙoƙari ya kama shi tare da dukkan tanti a lokaci ɗaya.

Sauri yana da mahimmanci a cikin wannan lamarin - abokin hamayya mai ƙarfi zai iya ficewa daga rikon. Sabili da haka, dorinar ruwa nan da nan yakan tsotsa abin farauta cikin bakinsa. Bakinta yana cizon wanda aka azabtar idan bai shiga bakin ba, kuma maƙogwaron yana yin abin taunawa - yana murƙushe abinci ƙananan ƙananan.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: ctwararrun dorin ruwa da wuya suyi amfani da guba don kashe ganima - wannan ya fi tsarin kariya fiye da na'urar farauta.

Mafi yawan lokuta, dorinar ruwa yakan ciyar da wakilai masu zuwa na dabbobin tekun:

  • kowane kifi, gami da guba;
  • crustaceans, wanda wani lokacin yakan ba da kishi ga dorinar ruwa;
  • abincin da dorinar da ya fi so shine kwalliya, 'yan kwalliya da kifin kifin, wanda idan suka hango wani mahaukacin mai farauta, sai su hankoro daga shi da wuri-wuri;
  • wani lokacin manyan dorinar ruwa na iya kama ƙananan sharks;
  • Cin naman mutane ba sabon abu bane a tsakanin dorinar ruwa. Mutane masu ƙarfi sukan ci ƙananan.

Akwai lokacin da dorinar ruwa ba zai kirga karfinsa ba yayin kai hari ga wannan ko waccan ganima, ko kuma wani kifin da ke farautar kansa yayi kokarin cin dorinar. Sannan faɗan ya faru wanda dorinar ruwa zai iya rasa tantinsa. Amma dorinar ruwa yana da saukin kamuwa da ciwo, kuma alfarwansu suna girma da sauri.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hotuna: Tsuntsaye na Tekun teku

Octopuses sune masu keɓancewa, suna da alaƙa da yankinsu. Suna jagorantar zaman laulayi, na zaman kashe wando, suna gudana daga wuri zuwa wuri kawai lokacin da ya zama dole: lokacin da babu wadataccen abinci a tsohuwar yankin, lokacin da abokan gaba suka bayyana ko lokacin da suke neman abokin tarayya.

Octopuses suna daukar junan su a matsayin masu gasa, saboda haka dorinar ruwa daya yayi kokarin kaucewa yankin da dayan dorinar yake rayuwa. Idan karo ya faru kuma mai keta iyaka bai yi sauri ya tafi ba, to faɗan na iya faruwa, inda dorinar ruwa ɗaya ke fuskantar haɗarin rauni ko ci. Amma irin waɗannan rikice-rikice ba su da yawa.

Da rana, dorinar ruwa kan buya a wani wurin buya, da dare sukan fita zuwa karin sarari don farauta. Octopus suna son zaɓar alamun abubuwa daban-daban na ayyukan ɗan adam a matsayin gidansu: kwalaye, kwalabe, tayoyin mota, da dai sauransu. Suna zaune a cikin irin waɗannan gidajen na dogon lokaci. Tsafta tana mulki a kusa da gidan dorinar ruwa: suna cire tarkace da yawa da kuma matattun algae, kamar suna share muhalli da rafin ruwa. Sun sanya tarkace da shara a cikin wani keɓaɓɓen wuri.

A lokacin hunturu, dorinar ruwa yana sauka zuwa zurfin ruwa, a lokacin bazara suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, kuma wani lokacin ana iya samunsu a gabar teku - dorinar ruwa yakan fitar da igiyoyin ruwa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: oananan dorinar ruwa

Sau biyu a shekara, mace na fara neman namiji don saduwa. Sunyi karfi da karfi kuma sun sami gida tare, wanda suke basu kayan aiki ta yadda zaiyi kyau ya kalli kwai. Yawanci, irin wannan gidaje yana faruwa a cikin ruwa mara ƙarancin ruwa.

Octopuses ba su da zawarci kuma yaƙe-yaƙe ga mace. Mace da kanta tana zaɓar namijin da take so ta haifa masa: saboda salon rayuwar laulayi, wannan yawanci shine mafi kusancin namiji da zata samu.

Mace tana yin ƙwai kimanin dubu 80. Ta kasance tare da zuriyar kuma da kishi tana kare kama. Lokacin shiryawa yana dauke ne tsawon watanni 4-5, a lokacin da mace ba ta zuwa farauta, ta ragu gaba daya kuma, a matsayin mai doka, tana mutuwa ne saboda gajiya lokacin da yaran suka bayyana. Namiji shima yana shiga rayuwar yara masu zuwa, yana kare mace da kwai, tare da cire datti da kowane irin tarkace daga cikinsu.

Bayan fitowan, an bar larvae din kansu, a watannin farko na farko suna cin plankton kuma suna iyo tare da kwararar ruwa. Sabili da haka, galibi suna zama abinci ga cetaceans waɗanda ke cin abinci akan plankton. A watanni biyu, tsutsa ta zama babba kuma ta fara rayuwa mai lankwasa. Haɓaka cikin sauri yana ba mutane da yawa damar rayuwa. A lokacin da yakai wata hudu, dorinar ruwa na iya daukar nauyin kilogiram 1-2. Gabaɗaya, dorinar ruwa na rayuwa tsawon shekaru 1-2, maza suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 4.

Abokan gaba na dorinar ruwa

Hotuna: dorinar ruwa

Daga cikin abokan gaba na dorinar ruwa, waɗanda ke kawo babbar haɗari gare shi ana iya rarrabe su:

  • sharks, gami da kifayen kifayen;
  • like, zakunan teku da hatimai na fur;
  • dolphins da kifayen kifayen da ke yawan yin wasa da dorinar ruwa, a ƙarshe cin su ko barin su da rai;
  • wasu manyan kifi.

Idan wani mai farauta ya sami dorinar ruwa a cikin wani yanayi na sata, abu na farko da yake yi shi ne kokarin ninkaya. Yawancin jinsuna suna sakin gajimare na tawada ga abokan gaba, sa'annan su yi iyo - wannan shine yadda dorinar ruwa ke siyan lokaci har sai makiya sun ganshi ko suna cikin halin kaduwa. Hakanan, don adana kansu, ana cinye dorinar ruwa zuwa ƙuntatattun ramuka kuma jira har sai abokan gaba sun tafi.

Wata hanyar musamman da za'a bi don kiyaye dorinar ruwa ita ce gyaran jiki. Lokacin da abokan gaba suka kama halittar ta hanyar tanti, dorinar ruwa da gangan zai cire ta daga jiki ya gudu da kansa. Ya yi kama da yadda kadangaru yake jefa wutsiyarsa idan ta kama shi. Gidan ya sake dawowa baya.

Gaskiyar Abin Sha'awa: Wasu sananun dorina an san su da autocannibalistic - sun ci nasu tanti. Wannan saboda wata cuta ce ta tsarin mai juyayi, wanda dorinar ruwa, fuskantar yunwa kaɗan, ya ci abu na farko wanda, a zahiri, "ya zo hannu".

Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa dorinar ruwa shine mafi kyawun nau'o'in invertebrates. Suna nuna hankali da lura a cikin kowane irin gwaji. Misali, dorinar ruwa ya san yadda ake bude gwangwani da bawul na gargajiya; mutanen dorinar ruwa suna iya tara cubes da da'ira a cikin wasu ramuka waɗanda suka dace da sifa. Babban hazikan wadannan halittun ya sanya su zama ganima ga rayuwar halittun ruwa, galibinsu basu da wannan alamar.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hoto: Manyan dorinar ruwa

Dorinar ruwa shine batun yawan cin abinci. Gabaɗaya, kamun dorinar ruwa a kowace shekara yana kusan tan dubu 40, kuma galibi ana kama shi a gabar Mexico da Italiya.

Cin dorinar ruwa ya zama kusan duk duniya, kodayake mutanen Asiya ne suka fara cin abincin. A cikin abinci na Jafananci, dorinar ruwa ba shine mafi daraja ba, amma sanannen nama ne. Hakanan ana cin dorinar ruwa da rai ta hanyar yanka da cin tantinan da ke girgiza su.

Octopus yana da wadataccen bitamin B, potassium, phosphorus da selenium. Ana dafa su ne don kawar da laka da tawada yayin aikin girki, kodayake wani lokacin ana cin su da tawada. Yawan kifayen ruwa ba sa fuskantar barazanar kamun kifi - babban nau'in ne wanda shima ana cinsa a ma'aunin masana'antu don gidajen abinci.

Mai hankali da daidaitawa sosai kifin teku mai kafa takwas ya rayu tsawon miliyoyin shekaru, kusan bai canza ba. Waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki har yanzu sun kasance mafi yawan nau'ikan cephalopod, duk da cewa su ne abin da ya fi yawan kamun kifi.

Ranar bugawa: 20.07.2019

Ranar sabuntawa: 09/26/2019 da karfe 9:00

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