A halin yanzu, akwai aladu 22 ne kawai a duniya, amma daga cikin yawancin adadi, akwai rukunin dabbobi daban da ake kira babirus. Dangane da bayyanar da ta saba, babirussa ko barewar-alade, a fili ya sha bamban da duk danginsu. Wannan ƙananan dabba ne, masu haɗari, tare da halaye da ƙarancin mazauninsu.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Babirussa
An ambaci ambaton farko na wannan nau'in mai ban mamaki a cikin 1658, akwai ma wani ra'ayi da Romawa suka koya game da kasancewar babirus tun farkon ƙarni na 1 AD. Dabbobi sun sami ɗayan sunaye na farko na zamani a cikin 1758. An fassara shi daga yaren Malay, kalmar babirussa tana nufin mai barewa, amma duk da bambancin ra'ayi da yawa, babirussa yana kama da aladu sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da sakamakon wasu karatuttukan kimiyya, an tabbatar da cewa wannan ƙananan raƙuman suna da alaƙa da hippos. Har zuwa kwanan nan, dabbobi an rarraba su a matsayin jinsin guda, amma bayan cikakken nazarin bambance-bambancen su, a tsarin kwanyar, hakora, girma da sutura.
Masana ilmin dabbobi sun gano manyan ƙananan raƙuman 4:
- babyrousa babyrussa. Waɗannan raƙuman dabbobin, waɗanda aka samo a tsibirin Buru da Sula, galibi suna da launi mai sauƙi, fata siriri, kusan ba tare da gashi ba;
- babyrousa bolabatuensis. Dabbobin da ke zaune kawai a kudancin tsibirin Sulawesi;
- babyrousa celebensis. Babiruss na Sulawesi, wadanda suka wawashe kayan Sulawesi, suna da fata mai duhu ban da kudancin tsibirin;
- babyrousa togeanensis. Jama'ar da ke kanan tsibirin tsibirin Togo mai kyaun gani.
Bambanci tsakanin mutane da rabe-rabensu kai tsaye ya dogara da mazaunin yanki, salon rayuwarsu da abincinsu, duk da haka, zurfin nazarin yawan jarirai yana fuskantar matsala ta raguwar yawan mutanensu. Sanannen abu ne san cewa ban da nau'ikan dake akwai, akwai wasu nau'ikan raƙuman da ba su wanzu har zuwa yau.
Ba kamar 'yan uwansu ba, aladu, babirussi ba ya huda hancinsu a cikin ƙasa, ban da ƙasa mai dausayi, yana zaune shi kaɗai ko kuma a cikin ƙananan garken tumaki, ana ɗaukarsu masu yarda da gandun daji ne.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Alade babirusa
Babban fasali da rarrabewar waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin aladun su sune ƙananan haushin su. Canines na sama suna girma cikin rayuwa, suna juyawa a gaban hanci. Idan ba su gaji ba ko karyawa, yayin yaƙe-yaƙe tare da wasu mutane, saboda siririn fata, fangaran suna girma cikin jikinsu, suna yin zobe. Waɗannan hauren za su iya girma zuwa 30-40 cm kuma su yi girma kai tsaye zuwa cikin kwanyar.
Bidiyo: Babirussa
Duk da irin wannan bayyanar mai ban tsoro, fankoki suna da rauni sosai, kuma saboda yanayin da bai dace ba, babirussi basa amfani dasu don samun abinci ko a matsayin makami. Manufofin kai tsaye na waɗannan kantunan ba a kafa su daidai ba, amma irin waɗannan ƙananan halayen halayen maza ne kawai, yayin da mata ke da ƙananan canines. Daga abubuwan da masana kimiyyar dabbobi suka lura da su, wadannan hauren hauren suna da mahimmin mahimmanci ga mace yayin zabar abokiyar aure.
Saboda nau'ikan hauka da rashin cikakken bayani game da amfani da su, mazaunan yankin suna da tatsuniyoyi da imani marasa tushe. Dangane da ɗayan fasali, ana buƙatar lamuran babirus don jingina ga bishiyoyi kuma su huta a rataye. Wasu kuma sunyi imanin cewa canines suna dacewa da shekarun dabba kuma a ƙarshen hanyar rayuwarsu suna da tsayi sosai har su girma ta cikin kwanyar su kashe dabbar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai ra'ayin cewa da taimakon murdaɗɗiyar fushin namiji ya share hanyar daga dangin dangi don danginsa, amma wannan ka'idar ba ta sami wani tabbaci na kimiyya ba.
Wani fasalin da ba na dabi'a ba ga aladu sune dogayen doki ne da bakin ciki, wanda zai iya bambanta a cikin tabarau daban-daban da doguwar riga. Babban launi na waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki yafi yawa cikin launin ruwan kasa mai haske da launin toka-toka. Ba tare da la'akari da takamaiman rabe-rabe ba, fatar dukkan mutane tana da siriri sosai kuma tana birgima, abin da ke sa su zama masu rauni, har ma da karnuka.
Maza sun fi mata girma, amma gabaɗaya girman su yana kusa da girman alade na talaka. Ba su wuce kilogiram 70-80 ba, har zuwa mita a tsayi, suna da halayyar baya, tare da ƙaramin kai da gajerun kunnuwa. Abinda kawai yake kamanceceniya tsakanin babirus da aladu shine diddiginsu da sautikan da suke yi, suna sadarwa ta hanyar gurnani, kururuwa da muƙamuƙi.
Ina babirusa take zaune?
Hotuna: Babirussa a cikin yanayi
Babirussa na musamman ne kuma ɗayan tsoffin nau'ikan dabbobi a Duniya, mazaunin da yake maida hankali ne akan ƙananan tsibiran Indonesia, wato tsibirin Malay Archipelago:
- Sulawesi;
- Buru;
- Sula;
- Toginiyanci
A cikin mazauninsu na asali, waɗannan dabbobin babu inda za a same su. A tarihance, mutanen Babirus suna rayuwa a duk tsibirin Sulawesi, amma a ƙarni na 19 sun ɓace gaba ɗaya daga kudu maso yamma na tsibirin.
Ba kamar danginsu ba, aladu, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwar basu san yadda ake tono kasa don neman tsutsotsi, beet da sauran abinci ba. Saboda haka, galibi suna zaune kusa da bankunan koguna, tabkuna, tare da yankunan dausayi ko ma a wuraren tsaunuka kusa da teku, inda za a sami ciyayi masu gina jiki ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba. Gandun dajin ya zama gidan da aka fi so ga masu ba da shawara, inda suke yiwa yankinsu alama, kuma a duk ranar suna kan hanya mai ƙarfi don neman abinci.
Barirus dabbobi ne masu rauni, saboda haka suna zaune ne a cikin yankuna ba tare da ɓarna ba, kuma da farko daga mutane, suna hawa wuraren da ba za a iya samun damar shiga gandun daji ba. Hakanan, ana iya samun wannan dabbar a cikin fursuna, a cikin gidan namun dajin na duniya, inda suke ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da haɓaka yawan wannan alade ta musamman.
Yanzu kun san inda dabbar babirusa take. Bari mu ga abin da wannan alade na daji yake ci.
Me babirusa take ci?
Hoto: Dabba Babirusa
Ciki da tsarin narkewar abinci na babirus sun fi kama da na tumaki da sauran dabbobi masu tauna fiye da aladu. Dabbobi na shan fiber sosai, don haka babban abincin su shine tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, yayin da za su iya tsayawa a ƙafafun kafa na baya, suna cire ganye masu girma a kan bishiyoyi.
Waɗannan abubuwa ne masu ban sha'awa waɗanda, ban da ganye masu laushi da ciyawa, na iya ci:
- 'ya'yan itace;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- kwayoyi;
- namomin kaza;
- kifi;
- haushi na bishiyoyi;
- furanni;
- kwari;
- tsutsa.
Amma don cin abinci akan ƙwayoyin kwari masu gina jiki ko tushen tsirrai, basa amfani da hammatarsu da hancinsu, kamar aladu na yau da kullun, amma suna tono komai tare da taimakon kofato mai ƙarfi. Duk da girman su, babirus kwararrun masu ninkaya ne, suna da farin cikin nutsewa cikin ruwa, suna iya iyo a ƙetaren kogi, da sauƙin jimrewa da ƙarfi, cin kifin kogi ko ma ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Mutane da yawa suna rayuwa koyaushe a bakin tekun, suna nemo duk abin da suke buƙata na abincin su a ƙasan tekun, a ƙananan raƙuman ruwa.
Pigananan aladu suna ciyar da nono na tsawon watanni bakwai zuwa takwas, amma suna da shekaru 10 suna faɗaɗa abincinsu da abinci mai ƙarfi. A gidajen dabbobi, abincin dabbobi ya hada da ciyawa, ciyawa, latas, karas, mangoro da sauran kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: alade alade babirusa
Saboda raguwar hanzari na yawan mutanen Babirus, ba a san hanyar rayuwa da halayensu sosai ba. Dabbobi sun zaɓi mahalli mai wahala don kariyar kansu, suna iya hutawa kuma suyi kwalliya akan duwatsu tsawon yini.
Kowane mutum na rayuwa shi kaɗai, rayuwa ɗaya, mace na iya haɗuwa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka ƙunshi samari kawai. Ana lura da babban ayyukansu a rana, kamar kowane aladu, suna son yin yawo a cikin ruwa, don haka kawar da cututtukan fata, amma, ba kamar aladu ba, ba sa son tarawa cikin laka ko yin ciyawar ciyawa don kansu, amma zaɓi ɗakunan ruwa masu tsabta ko wuraren buɗewa ...
Maza maza na Babirus suna narkar da yashi mai laushi, saboda wannan suna durkusawa suna tura kawunansu gaba, suna haifar da zurfin furci, a cikin wannan aikin, suna fitar da iska da gurnani, suna fitar da ruwan sanyi. Yawancin masanan kimiyyar dabbobi sun yi imanin cewa wannan shi ne yadda namiji yake yin aikin alamar alama, amma babu wani cikakken ra'ayi da ra'ayi ɗaya.
Duk da hatsarin daga mutane, babirusa yana da halaye na abokantaka, a sauƙaƙe suna iya tuntuɓar su, ana saurin basu horo. Rayuwa a cikin fursuna na wani lokaci, dabbobi na iya nuna kwazo da jin daɗi, a gaban waɗanda suka saba da su, suna kaɗa jelarsu da kai kyakkyawa. Duk wannan yana nuna halaye na yara kamar dabbobi masu saukin kai da amsawa. Wadannan dabbobin masu kyakkyawar dabi'a na iya nuna fitina a cikin wasu 'yan halaye, lokacin da maza suka yi wa mace fada da kuma lokacin da suke kare jariran da suka haifa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: 'Ya'yan Babirus
Raguwar yawan wannan nau'in dabba da farko saboda ƙananan zuriya ne. Mace tana da gwaiwar mamma guda biyu kawai, wato, nonuwa biyu. A wani lokaci, ba za ta iya haihuwar yara fiye da biyu ba, waɗanda a koyaushe ake haife su da jinsi ɗaya, wannan ma wani muhimmin fasalin babirus ne daga dangin aladunsa.
Balaga tsakanin jima'i a cikin aladun barewa na faruwa da sauri, a watanni 10. Lokacin saduwa shine daga watan Janairu zuwa Agusta, lokacin da ake yin faɗa tsakanin kishiyoyin maza, wanda ya ƙare a cikin saduwa. Ciki a cikin mata yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 5. Sababbin jarirai ba su da wata rigakafin kariya ko suturar fata a fatarsu, wanda hakan ke sa su zama cikin sahun dabbobi. Mace babirussa tana nuna kanta a matsayin uwa mai kulawa da kulawa, da tsananin kariya ga jariranta daga kowane haɗari, a yanayin fargaba, tana iya ma hanzari zuwa ga mutum.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babban fa'idar wannan nau'in shine juriyarsa ga cututtuka da yawa da ƙarfi, rigakafi na asali, wanda aladu na yau da kullun basa iya alfahari da su. Duk da rashin fa'ida, kiwonsu ba shi da fa'ida sosai, saboda ƙananan offspringa .an.
Tsawon rayuwar wadannan mutane na iya zama mai tsayi kuma ya kasance daga shekaru 20 zuwa 25, amma wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin bauta, tare da kulawa da abinci mai kyau. A cikin mazauninsu, saboda yawan hare-hare na masu farauta da masu farauta, dabbobi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10.
Abokan gaba na babirus
Hoto: Alade babirusa
Yaran manya da ke da kyakkyawan ji da kyan gani, wanda ke basu damar samun nasarar tserewa daga duk wata barazana, amma kamar yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa, babiru yana da abokan gaba. Abokan gaba sun hada da kusan duk masu farautar da ke rayuwa a yankin. Mafi yawan lokuta, fada tsakanin saƙo-na alade na iya faruwa tare da damisa, da sauran wakilan dangi, tunda ga irin waɗannan manyan dabbobin, babu wani abin da ya fi daɗi kamar nama mai daɗi na babiru.
Kada ba karamar haɗari ba ce ga kowane dabba, musamman ga babiru. Rayuwa a cikin ruwa da yankin bakin teku, suna da kyakkyawar amsawa, saboda abin da kadoji ke kama duk wani abincin da ya zo kusa da ruwan. Idan aka ba da ƙarami ƙarami da siraran fata na babirus, ya zama iska mai sauƙi ga irin wannan ƙaton. Ga ƙanana da matasa, gumakan suna da babban haɗari, wanda zai iya kai hari, a ƙasa da cikin ruwa. Ta ringi da matse abin ganima, python na iya haɗiye babban mutum.
Koyaya, a cewar masana ilimin dabbobi da yawa, jarirai mazauna mazauna cikin mahalli inda manyan dabbobi masu farauta ba sa nan. Babban makiyin jinsin ya ci gaba da kasancewa mutum, yana hana dabbobi wuraren da suke rayuwa, yana kashe halittun da ke cikin hatsari don wata manufa tasu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Babirusy
Sakamakon yawan sare dazuzzuka da farauta, tun daga shekarun 90, yawan jama'a ya ragu sosai kuma yana raguwa kowace rana. Duk da wannan hanin, mazauna yankin na ci gaba da farautar wannan nau'in da ba safai ba, suna amfani da hanyoyin farauta marasa jin kai, suna tura su cikin tarko tare da taimakon karnuka, dabbobi masu tsoratarwa da kuma kashe su da mugunta. Ana yaba naman Babirus saboda ɗanɗano na musamman da kuma abincin da yake da shi. Kuma hancin dabbar yana matsayin tushe ga kowane irin sana'a da abubuwan tunawa.
Babban mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar ƙarancin adadin babirus:
- rashin isasshen iko a kan farauta;
- karuwar yawan tsibirin;
- sare dazuzzuka.
Saboda irin wannan kididdiga ba mai sanyaya rai ba, a halin yanzu akwai kusan dabbobi dubu 4. Akwai shirye-shiryen kiwo da yawa a duk duniya don ƙara yawan waɗannan aladun aladun a cikin fursuna da hana ɓarkewar su gaba ɗaya. A cikin gidan namun daji da yawa, abu ne mai yuwuwa ba kawai don kula da dacewa ba, har ma don haifar da zuriyar da ta riga ta kasance a cikin fursuna. Dangane da bayanan tarihi, an haifa offspringa firstan farko a cikin fursunoni a Faris a cikin 1884. Ya zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, jarirai sun zama mazauna kusan gidajen zoo 30 a duniya, tare da matsakaicin rayuwa a cikin yanayin wucin gadi na shekaru 20. Daga nan ne zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa dabbar tana samun nutsuwa da mutane kuma yana jin daɗin zaman bauta.
Kare babiru
Hotuna: Babirussa daga littafin Red Book
Babirussa shine mafi tsufa, mai saurin mutuwa daga nau'in dabbobin, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Ana daukar iko kan yawan jama'a a karkashin kariyar kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da ke kokarin aiwatar da wasu matakan kiyaye yanayin wadanda ke taimakawa wajen ceton wannan nau'in.
An keɓe wani yanki na musamman, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kariyar gwamnati, duk da haka, saboda rashin iya shiga wannan yanki da kuma rashin saka hannun jari na kuɗi, yana da matuƙar wahala a tallafawa irin waɗannan ayyukan. Duk da kokarin da kariya daga gwamnatin Indonesiya da ikon kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, ana ci gaba da kisan dabbobi da kamasu ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Idan, a nan gaba, yankuna na wuraren shakatawa na kasa ba sa karkashin tsauraran matakai da kariya daga mafarauta, suna samar da kyakkyawan yanayi na rayuwar wadannan dabbobi na musamman, a cikin shekaru goma, wannan nau'in na iya bacewa gaba daya daga dukkan tsibirai da ake da su.
Babirussa - ɗayan tsoffin dabbobi waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa zamaninmu, tare da ɗabi'a mai ladabi, sadaukarwa ga danginsa har ma da mutanen da suka zuga babiru yara don rayuwa a cikin bauta. Koyaya, saboda mutane ne akwai haɗarin babbar ɓacewarsu gaba ɗaya. Saboda haka, da yawa ya dogara da kanmu da alaƙarmu da yanayi. Wannan dabba koyaushe tana jan hankali na musamman ga kanta, wani ya yaba da su, yana ambata a cikin litattafansu da labaransu, kamar yadda Jules Verne ya yi, a cikin littafinsa mai taken "Wasanni Dubu Dubu Ashirin Karkashin Teku", kuma wani yana farautar riba ko kuma ganima kawai.
Ranar bugawa: 13.07.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/24/2019 da 22:30
