Biraunar aku sun sami suna na soyayya saboda taushi da tsananin sadaukarwa ga juna. A cikin daji, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kasancewa da aminci ga abokin tarayyarsu har zuwa mutuwarsu. Tsuntsayen suna sanannu ne saboda launukansu masu kyau, yanayi na so, da kuma ƙarfi ma'aurata. Akwai nau'ikan tara na wadannan tsuntsayen. Takwas daga cikinsu 'yan asalin yankin Afirka ne kuma ɗaya daga Madagascar. Wasu nau'ikan ana kiwata su a cikin fursuna kuma ana ajiye su azaman dabbobin gida.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Lovebirds Parrots
Daya daga cikin tambayoyin da ake takaddama kansu tsakanin masana kimiyyar dake nazarin juyin halittar tsuntsaye shine ma'anar lokacin da tsuntsayen zamani suka fara bayyana. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rikice-rikice tsakanin hanyar rikodin burbushin halittu da saduwa da kwayoyin. Karancin aku a cikin tushen burbushin halittu, duk da haka, yana haifar da matsaloli, kuma yanzu akwai adadi mai yawa na burbushin daga arewacin arewacin farkon Cenozoic.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Nazarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa aku ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 59 da suka gabata (zangon 66-51) a cikin garin Gondwana. Manya manyan kungiyoyin aku neotropical suna da kimanin shekaru miliyan 50 (zangon 57-41 miliyan).
Wani yanki guda 15 mm wanda aka samo a cikin laka a Niobrer an dauke shi dadadden tarihin kakannin aku. Koyaya, wasu binciken sun nuna cewa wannan burbushin halittar ba daga tsuntsu bane. Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa Psittaciformes sun kasance a lokacin Paleogene. Wataƙila sun kasance tsuntsayen arboreal ne, kuma ba su da takamaiman takunkumin bakin da ke tattare da nau'ikan zamani.
Bidiyo: Lovebirds Parrots
Nazarin kwayoyin halitta yana ba da tabbaci mai ƙarfi cewa aku wani rukuni ne mai rikitarwa tare da masu wuce gona da iri. Burbushin farko na gardama mai ban tsoro na kwanan wata daga Eocene mai zafi. An samo kakannin farko a farkon samuwar Eocene a Denmark kuma yana da kwanan wata shekaru miliyan 54 da suka gabata. An kira shi Psittaciformes. An samo kwarangwal da yawa cikakke kama da aku a Ingila, Jamus. Wadannan tabbas ba kasusuwan rikon kwarya bane tsakanin magabata da aku na zamani, sai dai layukan da suka bunkasa daidai da aku da kyankyaso.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Lovebirds aku a yanayi
Lovebirds launuka ne masu haske kuma ƙananan ƙananan tsuntsaye ne. Mata da maza iri ɗaya ne a cikin bayyanar. Tsawon mutane ya banbanta daga 12.7 zuwa 17 cm, fikafikan ya kai 24 cm, kuma reshe ɗaya yana da tsawon 9 cm, yana da nauyi daga 42 zuwa 58. Suna daga cikin ƙananan aku, waɗanda ke da halin tsarin mulki na tsugune, gajeren wutsiya mara kauri da in mun gwada da girma, kaifi baki. Idanun wasu jinsunan suna kewaye da farin zobe, wanda ke sa su fita daban da wani haske mai haske.
Iris ɗin launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, bakinta mai duhu mai ruwan lemo-ja, yana ƙare da fararen ɗamara kusa da hancin hancin. Fuskar lemu ce, tana juya zaitun kore da launin ruwan kasa a bayan kai. Kumatun ruwan lemu ne masu duhu, launi ya zama yana haske a kan maƙogwaro kuma rawaya a cikin ciki. Sauran jikin shine koren haske. Fuka-fuki suna da duhu inuwa mai duhu idan aka kwatanta da jiki. Wutsiyar mai siffar sifa ce kuma galibi kore ne, ban da wasu gashin shuɗi. Legsafafu masu launin toka-toka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An samo nau'ikan launuka masu launuka da yawa ta hanyar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan shahararrun masana'antar kiwon kaji.
Biraunar lovebirds da ba ta balaga ba tana da launi iri ɗaya kamar na manya, amma gashinsu ba wata inuwa ce mai haske ba, tsuntsayen samari suna da launin toka da launin toho idan aka kwatanta da manya. Kajin kuma suna da launin launin fata a gindin murfinsu. Yayin da suke tsufa, launukan labulen jikinsu suna kaifi, kuma launi a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi a hankali yakan shude har sai ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.
A ina ne lovebirds ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: biraunar lovebird a Afirka
A lovebird aku ana samunsa a cikin daji galibi a Afirka mai zafi da Madagascar. Koyaya, galibi ba su nan a yankunan busassun Sahel da Kalahari, da kuma yawancin Afirka ta Kudu.
Akwai jinsunan wannan tsuntsu guda tara:
- kwalliyar lovebird, mai suna A. swindernianus, a kimiyance, ta yadu a cikin kasashen Afirka;
- mashin lovebird Mutum ɗan asalin ƙasar Tanzania ne;
- Biraunar love ta Liliana (Agapornis lilianae) tana da yawan gabashin Afirka;
- Kwancen soyayya mai ruwan hoda (A. roseicollis) yana kudu maso yammacin Afirka. Suna zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yamma na Afirka ta Kudu, a hayin yammacin rabin Namibia da kuma kusurwar kudu maso yamma na Angola. Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin Ngami yana da saurin mallakar A. roseicollis saboda fadadawar yanayi da kewayonsa;
- Fischer lovebird (A. fischeri) tana zaune a tsaunuka daga 1100 zuwa 2000 m. Ana samunta a Tanzania, a tsakiyar gabashin Afirka. Su ma sanannu ne a Ruwanda da Burundi. Mafi yawan lokuta ana iya ganin su a yankunan arewacin Tanzania - Nzege da Singide, Serengeti, Arusha National Park, a gefen kudu na tafkin Victoria da kuma kan Tsibirin Ukereve a Tafkin Victoria;
- lovebird mai kaifin baki (A. nigrigenis) yana da iyakantaccen iyaka a kudu maso yammacin Zambiya;
- jar-love loved mai launin ja (A. pullarius) 'yar asalin wasu ƙasashe ne na Afirka, ciki har da Angola, Kongo, Kamaru, Chadi, Guinea, Togo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, da Uganda. Bugu da kari, wani nau’i ne da aka gabatar dashi a Laberiya;
- lovebird mai fuka-fuki mai fuka-fuki (A. taranta). Mazauninsu na asali ya faɗo daga kudancin Eritrea zuwa kudu maso yammacin Habasha, kuma galibi suna rayuwa ne a cikin ko dai tsaunuka masu tsayi ko yankunan tsaunuka;
- Gwanin soyayya mai ruwan toka (A. canus) asalinsa tsibirin Madagascar ne kuma an san shi da Madagascar lovebird.
Suna zaune shrouds da gandun daji busassun bishiyoyi kamar Commiphora, acacias, baobabs da balanites. Bugu da kari, lovebirds na iya rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu bushewa, amma a kusa da tsayayyen ruwan tsayayye. Mahalli na wasu nau'ikan sun hada da gefen hamada da dazuzzuka, gami da yankunan dazuzzuka marasa kyau idan da 'yan bishiyoyi suna kusa da ruwa. Yankunan da aka fi so daga matakin teku zuwa tsaunuka sama da 1500 m.
Me lovebirds ke ci?
Hotuna: Lovebirds Parrots
Sun fi son neman abinci a ƙasa. Suna cin nau'ikan abinci iri-iri, wadatar abinci galibi tsaba, amma kuma suna cin 'ya'yan itace kamar ƙananan ɓaure. Ba sa yin ƙaura, amma suna yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci da ruwa lokacin da suke cikin mawuyacin hali. A lokacin girbi, lovebirds suna tururuwa zuwa yankunan noma don cin gero da masara. Tsuntsaye suna buƙatar ruwa kowace rana. Tare da yanayin zafi mai tsananin gaske, ana iya samun su kusa da ruwa ko kuma duk wani tushen ruwa inda tsuntsaye zasu iya karbar ruwa sau da yawa a rana.
A cikin bauta, abincin yau da kullun na lovebirds shine sabon haɗuwa (tare da 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari busassun) na kyawawan inganci, haɗuwa da iri iri, hatsi da kwayoyi. Da kyau, yakamata hada ginshiƙan ya ƙunshi ko a sami kari da kusan kashi 30% na kowane irin kwayar halitta / halitta (mai launi iri-iri da ɗanɗano kuma babu mai kiyaye shi) da / ko kowane irin yanayi (launuka na ɗabi'a, mai ɗanɗano da gwangwani).
Manyan samfuran haɗin ƙasa yakamata su kasance:
- hatsi;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- ganye;
- weeds;
- legumes;
- kayan lambu.
Ya kamata a daidaita raunin pellets zuwa sabo abinci dangane da abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayayen, wanda ya kamata ya haɗa da amaranth, sha'ir, couscous, flax, hatsi, shinkafa (basmati, shinkafar ruwan kasa, shinkafar Jasmin), alkama, masara. Fure masu cin nama, koren albasa, dandelion, furannin bishiyoyi na 'ya'yan itace, hibiscus, honeysuckle, lilac, pansies, sunflowers, tulips, eucalyptus, violets.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da seedsa theiran su: iri iri na apụl, ayaba, kowane irin ofa berriesan itace, kowane alla fruitsan itacen citrus, kiwi, mangoro, kankana, inabi, nectarine, gwanda, peach, pears, plums, carom. Hakanan kayan lambu suna da kyau ga lafiyar lovebirds, gami da courgettes, seedsan su da aka gasa a tanda, beets, broccoli, karas, cucumber, duk kabeji, wake, peas, parsnips, duk barkono, duk irin kabewa, dankalin hausa, dankali, dawa, zucchini ...
Yanzu kun san yadda ake ajiye aku lovebird parrots a gida. Bari muga yadda suke rayuwa a cikin daji.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Aaunar lovebirds aku
Lovebirds suna tashi cikin sauri da sauri, kuma ana jin sautuka daga fikafikan su yayin tafiyar. Suna aiki sosai kuma sun fi son zama cikin fakiti. Da daddare, ana ba da lovebirds a cikin bishiyoyi, suna zama a kan rassa ko suna manne da ƙananan rassa. Wasu lokuta rikice-rikice suna faruwa tare da wasu garken tumaki waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin ɗaukar wuraren su a cikin bishiyoyi.
Yawancin lokaci ana yin su kamar dabbobi. Tsuntsayen ana daukar su da kyawawa da kauna. Suna son yin lokaci tare da masu su kuma suna buƙatar hulɗa ta yau da kullun. Kamar yawancin aku, lovebirds tsuntsaye ne masu hankali da son sha'awa. A cikin fursuna, suna son bincika gidan kuma sanannu ne don nemo hanyoyin tserewa daga kejinsu.
Tsuntsaye suna da baki mai ƙarfi kuma suna iya tauna gashi da suturar masu su, da maɓallan haɗiye, agogo da kayan ado. Aku, musamman mata, na iya tauna takarda su saƙa shi a jela don yin gida. An ɗauka cewa mata sun fi maza ƙarfi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lovebirds ba su da ikon yin magana, kodayake akwai wasu samfuran mata waɗanda zasu iya koyon wordsan kalmomi. Pararamar aku ce, wacce "sautinta" ke da ƙarfi kuma tana da ƙarfi, kuma yana da wuya a fahimci maganganunsu.
Waɗannan tsuntsaye ne masu ƙarfi, suna yin sautuka masu ƙarfi da ke haifar da damuwa ga maƙwabta. Suna yin amo duk rana, amma musamman a wasu lokuta na yini. Koyaya, nau'ikan Fischer basu da karfi kamar wasu tsuntsayen lovebird, kuma yayin da suke yawan yin kururuwa, ba mai ƙarfi kamar manyan aku ba. Matsayin hayaniyarsu yana ƙaruwa sosai lokacin da suka shiga wasannin share fage.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Tsuntsayen aku aku lovebirds
Lovebirds suna aure don rayuwa. Kalmar lovebird ta samo asali ne daga waɗannan alaƙar ta kusa. Suna son kasancewa cikin saduwa ta jiki gwargwadon iko. Sun rungumi juna cikin ƙauna kuma suna cizon baki. Wannan aikin yayi kama da sumba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin lovebirds, ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi ko mutum ɗaya mace ce ko namiji. Dukkannin jinsunan Agapornis suna kama da juna kuma ana amintuwa da su ta hanyar gwajin DNA da kuma yanayin zaman su. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, mata suna zaune tare da ƙafafunsu banda na maza saboda ƙashin ƙwarjin mata ya fi faɗi.
Sun yi gida-gida a cikin ramuka, suna haifar da wata ƙazamar shara. Mata da kyar suke gina gida. Abun kayan shine twig, yanki na haushi, ciyawar ciyawa. Iri daban-daban sun shagaltar da jigilar kayayyaki ta hanyoyi daban-daban: wasu a bakunansu, wasu - ta hanyar sakawa cikin gashin gashin wutsiya, ko tunkuɗawa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Da zaran lovebirds sun fara gina gidansu, farau ta fara. Mata suna yin ƙwai a cikin kwanaki 3-5. Kafin kwai ya bayyana, mace ta zauna a cikin gidanta kuma ta zauna a cikin awanni da yawa. Ya faru cewa koda ba tare da gida ko kuma namiji ba, lovebirds suna ba da ƙwai.
Bayan an kwan kwai na farko, sabon kwan zai bi kowace rana har sai an gama kwanciya. Yawancin lokaci daga ƙwai 4 zuwa 8 ana lura dasu a cikin kama. Mace tana cikin shiryawa. Bayan makonni 3 kajin za su kyankyashe, kuma suna barin gida a ranakun 42-56, amma iyayen suna ci gaba da kula da zuriyarsu.
Abokan gaba na lovebird aku
Hotuna: Lovebird parrots a cikin yanayi
Lovebirds suna ma'amala da masu farauta ta hanyar yin tawaye, ma'ana, idan masu farauta suka kusanci, suna amfani da wani nau'in matsa lamba na hankali. Da farko, tsuntsayen sun miƙe tsaye suna ihu da ƙarfi. Idan mai farautar ya matso kusa, sai su fara kadawa da karfi, suna shimfide jikinsu, kuma a hankali suna tsananta kukansu, suna kawo shi ga kururuwa. Lovebirds sun fara motsawa zuwa ga maharin, suna kwaikwayon harin.
Idan mai farauta bai ja da baya ba ya ci gaba da binsu, aku yana kai hari cikin manyan kungiyoyi. Babban sanannen mai farautar shi ne falcon Rum (F. biarmicus) da sauran manyan tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a wuri ɗaya. Hakanan sau da yawa birrai da macizai na yin fashin gidan Lovebird. Suna daukar kwai da kananan kajin. Halin kariya yana aiki babba, amma ba dabinon dabino ba G. angolensis.
Saboda mamayar su da yankunansu, yakamata a sarrafa lovebirds yayin hulɗa tare da wasu nau'ikan jinsi (koda kuliyoyi ne, karnuka, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ko wasu nau'in tsuntsaye). Tsuntsaye na iya zama masu zafin rai ga wasu tsuntsayen. Biraunar lovebirds na nau'ikan daban-daban na iya haɗuwa da samar da botha hyan hya hyan bakara masu haihuwar yara. Wadannan yara suna da halayyar iyayensu biyu. Saboda wannan, ana ba da shawarar cewa tsuntsayen jinsi iri ɗaya ko jinsi su kasance tare.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Lovebirds Parrots
Ba a ƙididdige yawan adadin lovebird a duniya ba, amma ana ba da rahoton cewa ana rarraba jinsunan a cikin gida kuma gaba ɗaya suna da yawa. Jama'a galibi suna da karko kuma babu wata hujja ta kowane ragi ko wata babbar barazana. Koyaya, tun daga 1970s. an sami raguwa mai yawa a yawan kaunar loveis na Fisher, galibi saboda kamun da aka samu na cinikin tsuntsayen daji. Bugu da ƙari, haɗuwa yana da tasiri mai tasiri a kan yanayin jinsin.
Biraunar lovebirds ba su cikin haɗari Duk jama'arta suna da karko. Yawan masu kaunar ruwan hoda-kaɗan-kaɗan an rage su a wasu yankuna. Koyaya, lambobi suna ƙaruwa a wasu yankuna saboda ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin ruwa da kuma gina gine-ginen wucin gadi waɗanda ke ba da sabbin wuraren sheƙu don haka ana rarraba jinsunan a matsayin mafi ƙarancin damuwa ta concernungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi. Nauyin kwaro bisa ga IUCN an yi alama a matsayin “mafi haɗari”. Yayinda lovebirds din loveili ke cikin hatsari saboda asarar muhalli.
Ranar bugawa: 06/29/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/23/2019 da 22:20
