Discus kyawawan kifi masu haske waɗanda ke zaune a Kogin Amazon. Yana da jiki zagaye, an ɗan daidaita shi a gefunan. Babban kifi, manya na iya kai tsawon santimita 20. Masu ilimin ruwa a duniya suna kaunarsu saboda launuka masu haske da nutsuwarsu. Kuma wannan abin fahimta ne, saboda da wuya ku sami kyawawan kifaye. Lokacin da aka ajiye su a cikin akwatin kifaye, basa haifar da matsala, kuma suna farantawa mai su.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Discus
Symphysodon discus (discus) zuwa jinsin Symphysodon. Class kifin mai ƙarancin rai, tsari mai kama da perch, dangin cichlov. An gano wannan nau'in ne a cikin 1904, ya haɗu da bambance-bambancen da yawa na Symphysodon discus Heckell ƙananan.
Bidiyo: Discus
A yayin binciken Dakta Askelrod, akwai wani littafi a cikin Tropical Fish Hobbyist, wanda ya hada da harajin jinsi Symphysodon. A cikin wannan littafin, an gano jinsin Symphysodon aequifasciata a matsayin jinsin mai zaman kansa. Kalmar aequifasciata an ɗauke ta daga Latin kuma tana nufin ratsi, daidai yake da ita tana nufin launi iri iri iri na wannan nau'in kifin. A cikin wannan nau'in, duwatsu masu duhu a tsaye suna ko'ina cikin jikin kifin, a cikin kifi na nau'ikan Heckel, duk rabe-raben ana bayyana su ta hanya daya.
Don haka, a cikin wannan fitowar, Dokta Axelrod ya gano tsarin harajin da ke zuwa na wannan nau'in:
- Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840, discus Heckel da aka gano a 1840 nasa ne;
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin.
Wannan nau'in ya hada da:
- amber koren discus;
- shuɗar shuɗi;
- launin ruwan kasa.
Daga baya, wannan masanin ya yi magana game da rashin kammala binciken nasa a wannan fanni, a cikin 1981, a cikin wannan fitowar ya buga sabon, cikakken bayanin harajin wannan nau'in. Peungiyoyin Symphysodon discus Heckel sun haɗa da S. discus Heckel da S. discus willischwartzi Burgess. Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegri ya hada da S. aequifasciata haraldi Schultz, S. aequifasciata Pellegrin, da S. aequifasciata axelrodi Schultz.
Daga baya a 2006, masana kimiyya daga Switzerland suka ba da shawarar tsara wannan jinsin zuwa nau'ikan uku:
- Symphysodon discus Heckell yana nufin shi discus Heckel;
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin wannan nau'in ya hada da daidaitaccen discus aequifasciata Pelegrin;
- S. tanzoo Lyons, wannan nau'in ya hada da jan-zane mai dauke da launin kore S. t. tanzoo Lyons.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Discus kifi
Symphysodon discus yana da jiki mai raɗaɗi, ragi. Jikin yana da ƙarfi sosai a tarnaƙi. Kan kifin karami ne. A cikin maza, ɓangaren gaban kai yana da mahimmanci. Kan yana da idanuwa biyu da ke fitarwa kaɗan. Abubuwan da ke baya da fin na dubura sun yi ƙasa, amma sun fi tsayi. Kifin yana da kyakkyawa, wutsiya mai kamannin fan. Abubuwan da ke gefen ciki na kifin suna tsawaita. Fins din galibi bayyane ne, tare da dogayen haske a kansu. Guraren suna yawanci launi iri ɗaya ne da launin jiki. A cikin launi na wannan nau'in, an lura da zane na ratsi 9 a tsaye. Launin discus, wataƙila launuka masu shuɗi mai haske, zinariya, kore, kifin zinare.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Discus na iya canza launin nasu, gwargwadon yanayin su. Yaran launuka daban-daban na iya bayyana ko ɓacewa a jikin kifin. Idan kifin ya firgita ko ya yi murna, layin da ke tsaye a kan kifin na iya ɓacewa kusan, kuma waɗanda ke kwance, akasin haka, suna da haske.
A lokacin kiwo, maza na iya ganin noman iri iri. A cikin kifin mata na wannan nau'in, ovipositor mai kama da mazugi ana yin shi yayin ɓarna. Ba a faɗar da dimphism na jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in kifin A cikin yanayin zaman talala, girman girman mutum ya kai santimita 20-25, a yanayi kuma akwai manyan mutane na wannan nau'in.
Tsawon rayuwar discus a cikin yanayin ta daga shekaru 10 zuwa 16 ne, duk da haka, kifi ya rage ƙarancin ƙarfi. Wannan yana da alaƙa da damuwa na yau da kullun, da kuma yanayin rayuwa mai kyau har abada. Bugu da kari, karin kayan abinci suna rage shekarun kifi. Duk da haka sun fi kyau a cikin yanayin su na asali. Discus suna da nutsuwa. Suna jinkirin. Matsa ahankali. Suna zaune suna iyo cikin kananan garken.
A ina ne discus yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Zane a Amazon
Mazaunin waɗannan kifaye masu haske shine kogunan da ke Kudancin Amurka. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya samun garken diski a cikin Kogin Amazon. Hakanan, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin ruwan Kolombiya, Venezuela, Brazil da Peru.
Kogin Amazon yana da nau'o'in halittu daban-daban, wanda ya bambanta ƙwarai dangane da lokacin. A lokacin sanyi, lokacin damina, koguna suna malala. Wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar manyan yankuna.
A yayin ambaliyar ruwa, ganyayen bishiyoyi da ganyayyaki masu ƙazanta sun ƙazantu sosai. A lokacin bazara, ruwan yana raguwa, yana samar da rafuka da yawa da kanana, raƙuman ruwa. Ruwan ya zama duhu. A cikin keɓaɓɓun wurare, kogin ya zama kamar fadama, yayin bazara ruwan yana tsarkakewa. A cikin irin waɗannan yankuna, ruwan yana da taushi kuma yana da ruwa sosai. Ruwa yana da mafi kyawun yiwuwar haɓakar lantarki. Discus yana rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin.
Yawancin lokaci discus zaɓi wurin zama wanda yake kusa da bakin teku kamar yadda ya yiwu. Suna zaune ne a cikin dazukan da ambaliyar ruwa ta cika. Akwai ƙasa mai kaurin ganye a ƙasan. Ɓoye ɓoye a cikin ciyawar da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa da kuma daga tushen shuke-shuke, inda kifayen wannan jinsin suka tsiro. Waɗannan kifayen ba sa rayuwa a cikin manyan koguna da ruwa mai tsabta, suna zama mafi yawa sau da yawa a cikin ƙananan tashoshi masu daɗaɗɗen haske tare da yaduwar haske. Godiya ga wannan keɓewa, an ƙirƙiri wasu mutane masu launi, wanda yanzu zamu iya lura da su.
Hakanan kuma godiya ga wannan keɓewar, an fara lura da halaye na karatun kifi. A cikin garken daya, zaka iya ganin kusan mutane ɗari. A cikin koguna tare da saurin gudu, discus kusan ba zai yiwu a samu ba. Suna zaɓar wuraren da suke da natsuwa da keɓewa.
Menene discus ke ci?
Photo: Discus a cikin yanayi
Babban abincin discus a cikin namun daji ya ƙunshi:
- yana shuka furanni, iri da ganyaye. Shuka 'ya'yan itatuwa. (sunkai kusan kashi 45% na yawan abincin kifi);
- invertebrates rayuwa a cikin ruwa (game da 6% na abinci);
- Chironimidae larvae;
- arthropods daban-daban, galibi ƙananan gizo-gizo waɗanda ke rayuwa a ƙasa da itace.
A lokacin rani lokacin da ba'a samun damar shuke-shuke da kayan kwalliya.
Abincin irin wannan kifin yayi kama da wannan:
- tushen abincin shine detritus (kwayoyin halitta wadanda suka kunshi ragowar halittu masu rarrabuwa, kasusuwa kasusuwa da kuma daskararrun shuke-shuke, da kuma sirrin kwayoyin halittu daban-daban wadanda aka dakatar dasu a cikin ruwa a wani nau'i na barbashi, ko kuma suka sauka zuwa kasan tafkin);
- algae kowane iri;
- invertebrates da ke rayuwa cikin ruwa da tsire-tsire;
- kananan ƙananan ɓawon burodi, ragowar shrimps, ƙaramin ɓawon burodi.
Lokacin adana kifi a cikin kamuwa, yana da wuya a sake kirkirar irin wannan abincin kifin; abincin kifin da aka ajiye shi cikin kamuwa galibi ya haɗa da:
- artemia salina daskarewa;
- tubificidae tubifex annelidum;
- bushe abinci;
- ƙwayoyin jini (ƙwayoyin jini) tsutsayen sauro.
Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don ƙarin abinci hanta naman alade, jatan lande, squid, ganyen alayyafo. Wasu masanan ruwa suna ba da sabo kayan lambu. Bugu da kari, ana ba da shawarar bayar da sifofin bitamin da aka saya lokaci-lokaci.
Yanzu kun san yadda ake kiyaye diski a cikin akwatin kifaye. Bari mu duba yadda kifi ke rayuwa a cikin daji.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Discus
Discus yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali. Suna da yanayi mai nutsuwa. A dabi'a, suna rayuwa ne a cikin garken tumaki. Suchaya daga cikin irin waɗannan garken na iya zuwa ɗari da ɗari ɗari. Yawancin lokaci babu rikice-rikice a cikin garken, sai dai cewa maza na iya yin sabani game da mace. Wasu lokuta yayin tsarin kiwo, namiji da mace na iya yin rikici da juna. Idan a wannan lokacin sun riga sun yi ƙwai, za su iya ci shi.
A dabi'a, kifi na rayuwa a cikin kananan matattarar ruwa da rafuka tare da yaduwar haske, ruwan dumi, da wurare da yawa don mafaka. Waɗannan kifayen suna jin tsoron sauti mai ƙarfi da motsin rai kwatsam. Danniya ba kyau ga kifi, suna canza launi, suna jin ba dadi. Kusa da diskin Symphysodon, ana iya samun kifi irin su Cyclides na jinsi daban-daban, kifin wuka, kifin kifi, haskoki da piranhas a cikin yanayi.
Dangane da kusanci da sauran kifaye, discus ba wani tashin hankali bane, babu gwagwarmayar yanki. Kuma wasu kifaye da yawa ba za su zauna a yankin da aka mamaye su ba saboda gaskiyar cewa ruwan da ke wurin yana da dumi da taushi sosai. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, kifi na rayuwa a cikin makarantu. Irin wadannan garken yawanci ba kasafai ake kafa su ba. A lokacin da ake haihuwa, kifin ya kasu kashi biyu, wanda ya kunshi namiji da mace. Hawan ciyawar kifi yana faruwa ne a keɓantattun wurare tsakanin tushen ambaliyar bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire iri-iri.
A cikin fursuna, waɗannan kifayen galibi ana adana su a cikin manyan raƙuman ruwa. Discus na kowane nau'in yana da isasshen aminci ga maƙwabta, amma sauran kifayen ba zasu iya jituwa da su ba saboda yanayin yanayin yanayin rayuwar su. Ba abu ne mara kyau ba don dasa kifin diski tare da sikari mai karfi da sauran kifaye, in ba haka ba silala na iya firgita su kuma yanke ƙoshin lafiya daga kifin kwantar da hankula.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Blue Discus
Kifin Discus yana da ingantaccen tsarin zamantakewa. Suna karatun kifi. Sun fito ne don haihuwa a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Kifi yana farawa daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Spawning yana faruwa a keɓantattun wurare tsakanin snags, tushen shuke-shuke. Don shiri don haɓaka, an shirya wurin wasan kifi. Suna tsabtace dutse, snag ko ganye.
Discus yawanci aboki a cikin duhu. Yawancin lokaci babu kusan wasan mating. Caviar, wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi kwai kusan ɗari biyu, ana sanya shi a kan tsabtace subostat. Bayan an kammala aikin hadi, sai namiji ya kula da wasan. Discus yana da ƙwarewar iyaye. Wasu qwai da soya a hankali suna kare zuriyarsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kodayake kifin discus yana kula da zuriyarsa sosai, a ƙarƙashin kowane damuwa yayin kula da caviar kifin, masu samarwa na iya cin shi da kansu.
Soya fara farawa daga ƙwai bayan kwana uku. A lokacin har sai soya ta balaga, iyayen suna tare da su kuma suna ciyar da su. Soyayyen diski suna da launi, launuka marasa kyau. Launi ya zama yana kusa kusa da wata na uku na rayuwar soya. Kiwo a cikin akwatin kifaye yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman. Ruwa don kifi yayin yaduwar ya kamata ya kasance a cikin zafin jiki na kusan digiri 30.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa babu sauran kifayen a cikin akwatin kifaye, galibi ana sanya ma'auratan don yin kyan gani a cikin wani akwatin kifaye ba tare da ƙasa ba, amma a ciki akwai wurin yin kitsen. Algae, duwatsu, grottoes daban-daban. Ana soya soyayyen da ke cikin akwatin kifaye tare da ƙurar mai rai daga kwanaki 6. A wannan yanayin, ana maye gurbin wani ɓangare na ruwa kowace rana. Bayan iyayen sun gama ciyar da soya, sai a ajiye su.
Abokan gaba na discus
Hotuna: Yellow discus
Discus yana da abokan gaba da yawa. Babban makiyi na discus shine eel na lantarki. Yana son cin waɗannan kifin sosai. Hakanan, makiya sun fi girma kuma sun fi karfi kifi. Saboda yanayin nutsuwa da ɗan jinkiri, waɗannan kifayen na iya wahala daga wasu mazaunan. Suna cin abinci sannu a hankali, kuma sauran kifin na iya ɗaukar abinci daga diskin, kodayake sauran kifin ba sa son zama a cikin yanayi irin su discus ɗin.
Kifi kamar 'yan gida da ire-iren kifin kifi iri-iri suna son yin liyafa a kan dusar da ke cikin madarar ruwa ta kifin discus. Yayin tsotsa, suna sanya rauni a kan diskin, wanda kifin na iya mutuwa daga gare shi. Hakanan ba sa son kasancewa kusa da sikeli da sauran kifaye masu tayar da hankali, waɗanda ke iya cutar da su da yanke fincinsu.
Baya ga kifi, wanda ba kasafai yake zama a mazaunin discus ba, wadannan kyawawan kifaye kuma suna fuskantar barazanar cututtuka da kuma yanayin mahalli mara kyau. A cikin yanayin su na asali, kusan discus baya samun rashin lafiya, amma a cikin akwatin kifaye, waɗannan kyawawan kifin suna iya yin rashin lafiya.
Babban cututtukan cututtukan fursuna sune:
- hexamitosis. Hali ne na ƙin cin abinci. Canje-canje a cikin launi na talakawa talakawa. Don a bi da shi ta hanyar ƙaruwar zafin ruwan cikin akwatin kifaye;
- wata cuta da kwayar cutar Flexibacter columnaris ke haifarwa lokacin da kifin ya kamu da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, akwai raguwar abinci, wahalar numfashi da duhun launi. Bi da cutar tare da maganin Levomycitin.
Wani abokin gaba na discus shine canza yanayin muhalli. Discus ƙifan kifi ne na thermophilic, ba sa haƙuri da sauyin yanayi mai ƙarfi. Suna buƙatar dumi, ruwa mai tsafta tare da tsananin laushi da acidity.A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, kifin na iya motsawa zuwa yanayi mai dadi; a cikin akwatin kifaye, tare da ƙaruwa ko raguwar zafin jiki, kifin wannan nau'in na iya fuskantar damuwa, kuma suna iya mutuwa kawai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Discus kifi
Saboda kyawunsu, wadannan kifayen suna tilastawa shan wahala. Kuma daga shekara zuwa shekara, yawan su yana raguwa. Tunda waɗancan kifayen suna da ƙaunatattun masanan ruwa a duk faɗin duniya, galibi ana kama su daga asalin mazauninsu. A lokaci guda, yawancin kifi suna mutuwa. A yau jinsunan Symphysodon discus suna cikin Littafin Ja. Hakanan, yawan wannan nau'in yana da mummunar tasirin sauyin yanayi, gurɓatar ruwan tafkin da kifin yake rayuwa a ciki. Wannan jinsin ya sami matsayin wasu nau'ikan halittu da ke cikin hatsari saboda yawan kifi. An haramta kama kifin wannan nau'in a cikin ƙasashe da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A farkon makonnin farko, ana soya abincin a wani sirri da fatar iyayen ta ɓoye. Wannan lakar tana ɓoye akan fatar masana'antun biyu. Da zarar ɗayan iyayen sun kare daga laka, sai mahaifi na biyu ya bayyana kusa da shi ya ciyar da zuriyar. Wani lokaci, a ƙarƙashin mummunan yanayi, kifin iyayen ba sa sakin gamsai, to 'ya'yan sun mutu. Ba shi yiwuwa a samar da abinci ta roba a wannan zamanin.
Discus ɗin da ake sayarwa a halin yanzu kifayen haifaffen ƙasa ne. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa ana yin discus a cikin tafkunan ruwa na wucin gadi, aquariums da kuma magunan ruwa daban-daban. A halin yanzu, a cikin Brazil, a gefen yankin Amazon, ana ƙirƙirar Tumukumake Reserve Park, inda za a sami rafuka da yawa, wuraren ajiyar ruwa da ruwa waɗanda za su zama yanki mai kariya na halitta.
Kariyar zane
Photo: Discus daga littafin Red
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, an jera discus a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya, kuma wannan nau'in yana da matsayin "nau'ikan da ke cikin hatsari saboda yawan kamawa." Ofaukar kamun fatar kowane iri doka ce ta Brazil, Belgium, Amurka ta Kudu ta haramta.
A yau, a gefen Kogin Amazon, ana ci gaba da yankin kare yanayin - Tumukumake Reserve Park. A cikin wannan wurin shakkar, ana kiyaye duk jikin ruwan da ya faɗi a wurin shakatawar. An haramta kamun kifi a cikinsu, babu kamfanoni da hanyoyi kusa da wurin shakatawa. Discus yana rayuwa a cikin waɗannan wuraren shan ruwa. Bugu da kari, a kasar Japan da wasu wasu kasashe, Symphysodon discus jinsunan suna girma a ƙarƙashin yanayi na wucin gadi.
Kifin da ake sayarwa a halin yanzu gogaggen masanan ruwa ne. A cikin akwatinan ruwa, wannan nau'in ya sami nasarar haifuwa kuma ya rayu kusan shekaru goma, idan har an cika duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don su. Kifin da aka haifa a cikin fursuna yana da launi mai haske wanda ya fi sauƙi don daidaitawa da yanayin akwatin kifaye fiye da dangin su na daji.
Don kiyaye waɗannan kyawawan kifin, mutum yana buƙatar yin taka-tsantsan da yanayin. Dakatar da mahaukacin kamun kifi, kuma kada ku gurɓata sassan ruwa, ku gina wuraren ba da magani a masana'antun don kar hayaki ya faɗa cikin ruwan.
Discus sarkin kifayen akwatin kifaye, mutane suna matukar son su saboda launin neon mai haske. Ganin garken discus a cikin kandami, ko akwatin kifaye, yana ɗaukar numfashinmu daga abin da kyawun Natabi'ar Mama. Amma mutum, da rashin alheri, don neman riba, kusan ya hallaka waɗannan kyawawan halittun. Bari mu zama masu ƙwarin gwiwa ga yanayi da abin da yake ba mu, da adana waɗannan kyawawan kifaye don tsarawa masu zuwa su gani.
Ranar bugawa: 06/30/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/23/2019 a 22:26
