Jaundice malam buɗe ido - malam buɗe ido mai fuka-fuka mai haske, wanda za'a iya samun sa a lokacin bazara a fagen kuliji ko alfalfa. Waɗannan halittu suna da kamanceceniya da wasu nau'ikan fararen fata, saboda haka ana iya rarrabe su ne kawai yayin da suke cikin matakan kuruciya. Kwayar halittar tana da saukin kamuwa da hijira - don neman tsire-tsire na abinci, kwari suna zuwa arewa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Butterfly jaundice
Jaundice (Colias hyale) shine malam buɗe ido na gidan whiteflies (Pieridae). A asu yana da wasu sunaye da yawa: hyala jaundice (1758), ƙaramin jaundice peat (1761), jaundice gama gari. Jinsin yana da fiye da 80 nau'in.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sunan Latin Colias hyale an ba shi kwari don girmama nymph Giala. Ta kasance mai sha'awar baiwar Allah ciyawar Diana. Tare suka tafi farauta suka huta a bakin tabkunan daji. Hotunan su da ke cikin zane sun ƙawata ɗakunan gidajen kayan tarihi.
Karl Linnaeus ne ya fara bayyana jinsin.
Saboda yaduwarsa da yawa, akwai nau'ikan kwari da yawa:
- colias hyale hyale - gama gari a Turai, ƙasashen CIS;
- colias hyale altaica - Yankin Altai;
- colias hyale irkutskana - yana zaune a cikin Transbaikalia;
- colias hyale alta - Asiya ta Tsakiya;
- colias hyale palidis - gabashin Siberia;
- colias hyale novasinensis - China.
Gaskiya mai Nishadi: A lokacin wata tafiya mai nisa a duniya, Charles Darwin ya yi farin ciki da ganin wadannan kyawawan halittu lokacin da jama'ar da ke yin kaura zuwa Indonesia suka kewaye jirginsa suka sauka a kansa don hutawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: makiyaya jaundice
Abu ne mai sauki ka rikita asu da kwari daga jinsin halittar whitefly. Kwai kawai da kwatancensu, wanda launinsa ya sha bamban, zai taimaka wajen kawar da shubuhohi. Caterpillars na wannan nau'in sune koren launi mai haske. A bayan baya akwai ratsi mai rawaya da ɗigon duhu, an shirya su cikin layi biyu.
Bidiyo: Butterfly jaundice
Launi na fuka-fukan butterflies rawaya ne, wani lokacin koren. Girman fuka-fukan gaba da na baya daban, kamar yadda launinsu yake.
- fikafikan namiji ya zama santimita 5-6;
- mata - fewan milimita kaɗan;
- tsawon fatar gaban namiji na milimita 23-26;
- tsawon reshen gaban mace milimita 23-29.
A gefen sama na fikafikan yawanci launin rawaya ne, ƙasa kuwa tana da launin toka-toka. A saman gefen gaba akwai ɓangaren duhu tare da raƙuman rawaya mara ma'ana. Akwai tabo biyu masu baƙi a tsakiya. A kan shinge akwai launukan diski na lemu, a saman akwai ɗigo biyu. Partananan ɓangaren rawaya ne mai haske.
Mace tafi haske sosai kuma asalin ta fari fari ne, mai sikeli masu launin rawaya. Yanayin iri daya ne ga duka jinsi biyu. Fuka-fukan gaba suna da siffar murabba'i mai siffar, fikafikan baya suna zagaye. An tsara su ta wani geza mai ruwan hoda. Kan yana zagaye, idanuwa suna kama da wani yanki a cikin sifa kuma su ne mafi hadadden gabobi, ya ƙunshi ƙananan ruwan tabarau dubu shida.
Antennae ya bayyana, baki, yayi kauri a koli, ruwan hoda a gindi. Gabobin jiki sun bunkasa sosai, ana amfani da kowannensu yayin tafiya. Akwai masu karɓa a ƙafafu. Cikin yana siriri, yana taɓarwa zuwa gefen. An rufe kirjin da dogon gashi.
Yanzu kun san yadda malam buɗe ido ke jaundice. Bari muga inda take zaune.
A ina ne malam buɗe ido na jaundice ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Jaundice gama gari
Yankin raba asu yana da fadi sosai - Turai ta kai matakin digiri 65 a arewacin latitude. Kwarin sun fi son yanayi mai dumi da yanayi.
A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun sa a yankuna da yawa, ban da arewa:
- Gorno-Altai;
- Turai ta Tsakiya;
- Pribaikalsky;
- Tuvinsky;
- Volgo-Donsky;
- Arewacin Ural;
- Kaliningrad;
- Yankin Arewa Maso Gabas;
- Nizhnevolzhsky da sauransu.
Ana iya samun shi kusan ko'ina a Gabashin Turai. A gabas, kusa da Polar Urals, galibi ana yin rikodin mutane masu ƙaura. Na dogon lokaci akwai ra'ayin cewa jinsin ba ya rayuwa a cikin Ciscaucasia, amma yanzu an karyata shi. Kwari ba sa tashi zuwa Kola Peninsula, zuwa hamada da kuma subzones na busassun steppes.
Wuraren da aka fi so sune wuraren buɗe gandun daji da tuddai, makiyaya, farin ciki, gefunan gandun daji, hanyoyin tituna, lambuna, bakin kogi, yankuna masu ɓarna. A cikin ciyawar tsaunuka masu furanni, zaku iya ganin kwari a tsawan da ya kai mita dubu 2 sama da matakin teku. An samo shi a cikin Turkiyya, China, Mongolia.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A kudancin Turai da Caucasus, akwai tagwayen jinsunan da hatta masanan ilimin ciki, Coliashyale da Coliasalfacariensis, ba za su iya rarrabewa ba. A cikin manya, launin launi iri ɗaya ne kuma idan matakin katanga ya ƙare, ba zai yiwu a gano jinsunan ba.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, Lepidoptera yayi ƙaura zuwa arewa don neman tsire-tsire na abinci. Yana zaune alfalfa da filayen tsire-tsire. Saboda ƙaura, ana samun jinsin a yankunan Denmark, Austria, Poland, Finland, Italiya, Jamus, Switzerland, Lithuania, Latvia, da Netherlands.
Menene malam buɗe ido na jaundice yake ci?
Photo: Butterfly jaundice daga littafin Red
Imagoes suna ciyar da abinci ne mafi yawa a jikin fure, wanda suke tarawa daga furanni na ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, tsintsiya, bishiyar makiyaya, alfalfa mai siffar wata, alfalfa, ƙwaro mai launuka iri-iri, vetch (peat rat), munafunci, jaja, esparcet, dusar dawakai da aka kyankyashe, rosacea da sauran wake. da tsire-tsire masu gicciye.
Caterpillars sun ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai suna cin naman ganye, suna barin jijiyoyin. Bayan tashin hankali na uku, tsutsa ta cinye ganyen daga gefuna, tare da kwarangwal. Kafin rashin bacci, kwari yana ciyarwa sosai tsawon wata daya, a bazara wannan lokacin shine kwanaki 20-23.
Jaundice Marco Polo, wanda masanin kimiyyar Rasha Grigory Grum-Grzhimailo ya yi don girmamawa ga matafiyin dan Italiya, yana ciyar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Jaundice na Christophe yana ciyar da shuke-shuke masu kamanni da matashi. Jaundice Wiskott ya zaɓi gangaren da aka dasa tare da rattleworm. Peat jaundice tana ciyar da ganyen shudaya.
Caterpillars yafi ciyarwa da dare. Imago yana da ɗanɗano na ɗanɗano a kan ƙafafunsa, yana ba shi damar ɗanɗanar da ruwan durin. Na roba da mai motsi proboscis yana baka damar shiga cikin zurfin furar don samun ruwan sanyi. Caterpillars na wasu nau'ikan sun fi son ciyarwa akan ganyen shuke-shuke.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: makiyaya jaundice malam buɗe ido
A asu na tashi a yankunan kudu daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. 2-3 ƙarni na kwari na iya bayyana a kowace shekara. Generationarnin farko ya tashi a yankuna masu yanayin yanayi daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, na biyu daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. Lepidoptera na ƙarni biyu yakan tashi lokaci guda.
Butterflies suna aiki ne kawai da rana. A huta, fikafikansu suna dunkulewa koyaushe a bayan duwawansu, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala ka ga gefen sama na fikafikan. Mutane suna tashi da sauri. A ƙarshen bazara da farkon bazara, kwari sukan yi balaguro zuwa yankunan arewa don su zauna a wuraren da ke da isassun tsirai.
Mata sun fi maza yawa, saboda salon rayuwa. Suna tashi da wuya sosai, mafi yawan lokuta suna zaune a cikin ciyawa. Jirginsu bai daidaita ba, yana jujjuyawa, yana tsalle. Peat jaundice yana ciyarwa kusan kowane lokaci a cikin fadamar. Maza, duk da salon zama, ana iya samun su nesa da mazaunin su na yau da kullun yayin bazarar taro.
Jirgin da ba shi da yawa zai ba kwari damar rufe nisan wurare. Galibi ba sa tashi sama da mita daga ƙasa. Tsammani na rayuwa ya dogara da mazaunin. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, yana iya zama har zuwa watanni 10. Wasu nau'in jaundice suna rayuwa ne kawai daga fewan kwanaki kaɗan zuwa makonni biyu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Balarabiyar malam jaundice
Kodayake jirgin Lepidoptera yana faruwa sau ɗaya a bazara, ƙarni biyu suna bayyana a cikin shekara ɗaya. Akan fuka-fukan maza akwai sikeli na musamman wadanda suke dusar da pheromones, an tsara su don jan hankalin mata masu jinsi guda. Wadannan ma'aunan an jera su a gungu-gungu suna yin tabo.
A rana, abokan tarayya suna neman juna don saduwa, suna tashi da sauri ba tare da tsayawa ba. Bayan saduwa, mata na tashi don neman tsiron tsire-tsire. Suna sanya ƙwai 1-2 a cikin cikin ganyayyaki ko a kan ɓauren shukar. Qwai ne fusiform tare da hakarkarin 26 ko 28.
Nan da nan bayan kwanciya, kwan yana rawaya, amma a lokacin da kyankyasai ya ƙyanƙyashe, yana samun jan launi. Tsutsa ta bayyana a ranar 7-8th. Caterpillar an haifeshi koren mai kalar ruwan hoda kimanin 1.6 mm tsawo. Kan yana da girma, tare da farin ƙwaya.
Zamanin bazara yana haɓaka cikin kwanaki 24. Kaka larvae molt sau uku kuma zuwa hunturu. A wannan lokacin, sun girma zuwa 8 mm. A Turai, kwari suna nade kansu a cikin ganye don hunturu; a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, suna binne kansu a cikin ƙasa.
A lokacin bazara, tsawon larvae ya kai 30 mm, an rufe su da gashin duhu. Yara na faruwa bayan shekara ta biyar. Tare da zaren siliki, kwari na mannewa da tushe ko ganye. Pupa din ma kore ne, tsayin 20-22 mm. A cikin begen bayyanar malam buɗe ido, jajaja ta zama ja.
Abokan gaba na jaundice butterflies
Photo: Butterfly jaundice daga littafin Red
A mafi yawancin lokuta, makiyan kwari kwari ne masu farautar su. Abokan gaba na manya sune kwari, tsuntsaye, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Tsakanin su:
- mahaya dawakai;
- hymenoptera;
- sphecides;
- gizo-gizo;
- mazari;
- ƙwaro ƙasa;
- tururuwa;
- tahini tashi;
- kwari masu farauta;
- 'yan madigo;
- yin addua;
- ktyri;
- manyan-kai;
- kadangaru;
- beraye;
- kwadi.
Tsuntsaye suna farautar tsutsa don ciyar da kajinsu. Wasu tsuntsayen sukan kai wa kwari hari yayin da suke hutawa, ciyarwa ko shan ruwa. Tsuntsaye suna tallatawa da malam buɗe ido a kan bishiyoyi don fuka fukafukansu su tashi, bayan haka suna cin ciki kawai. Tsuntsayen Kudancin suna kama lepidoptera a cikin jirgin.
Yawancin invertebrates ba su da haɗari ga halittar mutum. Magungunan Parasitic suna kwan ƙwai a kan ganye, waɗanda kwari suke cinyewa, suna zama masu ɗaukar tsutsa, waɗanda ke cin malam buɗe ido a raye. A cikin jiki, suna ciyar da gabobin cututtukan jaundice, suna girma da haɓaka. Larananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu rarrafe har 80 na iya rarrafe daga cikin kwari.
Wasu mutane sun fada cikin sakar gizo, amma yawancin kwari sun mutu daga gizo-gizo masu farauta wadanda suka fi son farauta. Parasites ba sa kai hari ga manya. Suna rayuwa a jikin kwari, amma ba sa kashe shi, tunda rayuwarsu ta dogara ne da mai gida.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: makiyaya jaundice
Adadin peund jaundice bashi da mahimmanci. A wasu yankuna, alal misali, a cikin Rivne Nature Reserve, a tsayin bazara, ana yin rikodin butterflies 6-10 a kowace kadada na mazauninsu. A matakin kwari, kwari suna haifar da babbar illa ga albarkatun gona.
Wasu manoma suna amfani da magungunan kwari don sarrafa tsutsa. Wannan yana haifar da lahani ga mutane. Cire peat da magudanan ruwan bogs yana mummunan tasiri ga mazaunin halitta na lepidoptera, filayen peat sun cika da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, wanda kuma yana haifar da raguwar lambobi. Tattara shuɗar baƙar fata yana shafar ci gaban kwari.
A Yammacin Turai da wasu ƙasashen Turai ta Tsakiya, lambobi sun faɗi zuwa matakai masu mahimmanci fiye da ƙarni na 20. A cikin biotopes, ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, adadin mutane na iya zama tsayayye. A cikin Belarus, a hankali yana raguwa.
Abubuwan da ke iyakance sun hada da kebewar daidaikun alumma, karamin yanki na muhallin halittu, ci gaban oligotrophic bogs, konewa da ci gaban tsayayyen bogs. A yankunan da aka sami mutane a cikin lambobi guda ɗaya, waɗannan abubuwan sun haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a ko ɓacewa gaba ɗaya.
Kariya ga jaundice butterflies
Photo: Jaundice gama gari
Duk da cewa jinsi na daga cikin nau'in kwari, amma duk da haka an lissafa shi a cikin Littafin Ja kuma doka ta kare shi akan ilimin halittu. Hekla jaundice da jaundice na zinariya suna cikin "Red Book of European Day Butterflies", an sanya musu rukunin SPEC3. Peat jaundice yana cikin Red Book na Ukraine tare da rukuni na ɗaya kuma a cikin Red Book of Belarus tare da rukuni na II.
Yawancin jinsuna sun kasance cikin Littafin Bayanai na Red na tsohuwar USSR. Dabbobin da ke fuskantar mummunan tasiri daga mutane suna buƙatar ƙarin matakan kariya da iko akan yanayin su, bincika yawan jama'a a cikin mazaunin su.
A cikin Ukraine, ana kiyaye jaundice peat a cikin ajiyar dama a Polesie. A yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a, ana ba da shawarar gina tarin kwayoyin halitta tare da kiyaye filayen tudu a cikin yanayin su na asali, wanda da farko ya shafi ɗaga ciyawa.
A yayin bushewar dausayi da dazuzzukan da ke kusa da su, ya zama dole a dauki matakan dawo da tsarin ruwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haɗuwa da hanyoyin gyarawa waɗanda aka yi niyya don fitowar ruwa daga fadama. Bayyanannen sare daji ya halatta ba tare da lalata murfin ƙasa ba.
An kare jinsin a yankin NP "Nechkinsky" da kuma ajiyar kayan lambu "Andreevsky pine forest". Babu ƙarin matakan da ake buƙata a yankin yankunan kariya. Saitin daidaitattun ayyukan da aka mai da hankali kan kiyaye bambancin halittu ya isa.
Jaundice malam buɗe ido yana samar da fa'idodi masu yawa ta hanyar haɓaka ƙarancin pollin da kai-da-kai na yawan shuke-shuke. Duk wani albarkatun kasa ya kare kuma kwari ba banda haka. Masana kimiyya sun umarci ƙoƙari da yawa don bincike da kare mazaunin furannin fukafukai, don adana da ƙara yawansu.
Ranar bugawa: 20.06.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/23/2019 da karfe 20:54
