Peacock malam buɗe ido yana da kyakkyawan tsari a fuka-fuki, sabili da haka wasu lokuta har ma ana ajiye shi a gida. Ba ta da ladabi kuma tana jure wa fursuna da kyau idan yanayi ya yi daidai. A dabi'a, ana iya ganin sa a kusan kowane wata mai dumi, amma ba su da yawa fiye da amya ko kabeji, musamman a birane.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Peacock Butterfly
Lepidoptera ya bayyana tun da daɗewa: a farkon zamanin Jurassic, kusan shekaru miliyan ɗari biyu kafin zamaninmu. A hankali, suna bunkasa, nau'ikan halittu da yawa suna bayyana, kuma suna yaduwa a duniya tare da yaɗuwar shuke-shuke masu fure a kai.
A yayin juyin halitta, an sami proboscis, sun fara rayuwa mafi yawan lokaci a cikin sifar imago, da yawa daga jinsuna masu manyan fuka-fukai sun bayyana. Samuwar halittar zamani da yawa shine ake dangantawa da Neogene - a lokaci guda idanun dawisu ya bayyana.
Bidiyo: Peacock Butterfly
Ita, tare da kusan wasu nau'in 6,000, wani ɓangare ne na babban dangin nymphalid. Ga alama amya, wanda ba abin mamaki bane, saboda suna cikin jinsin jinsi daya. Fukafukansa iri ɗaya ne baƙar fata da lemu mai launi, kuma suna tsayawa ne kawai da tsari mai haske da kyau.
Calus Linnaeus ne ya fara yin bayanin a cikin 1759. Sannan ya sami takamaiman sunan Papilio io. Sannan aka fara canza shi zuwa Inachis io - wannan sunan an ɗauke shi ne daga labarin almara na tsohuwar Girka, kuma an haɗa sunan Sarki Inach da 'yarsa Io.
Amma a ƙarshe, dole ne a maye gurbin wannan haɗakar ta alama ta Aglais io domin iya tantance matsayin jinsunan a cikin rarrabuwa. Hakanan akwai ido na dawisu na dare, amma wannan nau'in ba shi da alaƙa ta kusa: yana da jinsin daban har ma da dangi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Butterfly dare dawisu
Ba shi da wahala a rarrabe shi da sauran butterflies, ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar kwatancen fuka-fuki - kowane ɗayansu yana da kewaya mai launin rawaya a kusurwa, a ciki akwai wani, shuɗi. Yayi kama da ido. A lokaci guda, babban launi reshe yana kama da urticaria, sautin mai yalwataccen lemu ne yake gudana.
Amma kishiyar gefen fuka-fuki ya bambanta sosai: yana da launin toka mai duhu, kusan baƙi. Wannan launi yana tashi da malam buɗe ido kamar busasshiyar ganye kuma yana ba shi damar kasancewa kusan ganuwa ga masu cin ganyayyaki a jikin itacen lokacin da suke hibernates ko kuma kawai ya huta kuma ya rufe fikafikansa.
Scoididdigar su ta fi matsakaita - kusan 60-65 mm. Suna da madaidaicin gefen gefen waje, wanda ke gudana a tsiri na launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Jiki yana da kumburi, kamar sauran nau'o'in urticaria, ingantaccen kayan aiki na baki tare da proboscis.
Malam buɗe ido yana da idanuwa masu haɗuwa. Akwai ƙafafu shida, amma huɗu ne kawai ake amfani da su don tafiya, kuma masu gaba a gaba ba su da kyau. Ana bayyana dimorphism na jima'i: mata sun fi girma girma idan aka kwatanta da maza.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hasken launin malam buɗe ido yana ta'allaka ne da yadda yanayin dumi ke kasancewa yayin ɗalibin yara da haɓaka. Idan sanyi ne, fuka-fukan zasu kasance masu annashuwa, kuma a cikin yanayi mai dumi sosai, inuwar za ta zama mai wadatuwa.
Yanzu kun san banbanci tsakanin rana malam malam buɗe ido da dare ɗaya. Bari mu ga abin da malam buɗe ido mai haske yake ci da kuma inda yake zaune.
A ina ne malam buɗe ido na dawisu yake rayuwa?
Photo: Butterfly Day Peacock Eye
A cikin manyan yankuna, gami da kusan dukkanin Turai da yawancin Asiya. Wadannan butterflies sun fi son yanayi mai kyau da yanayi, saboda haka suna da sauƙin samu a Rasha, kamar yadda yake a sauran Eurasia, ban da kudu mai kudu da hamada, da tundra.
Hankalin su yana da yawa musamman a cikin Jamus, gabaɗaya a Tsakiyar Turai. Hakanan suna zaune cikin tsibirai da yawa kusa da Eurasia, misali, a Japan. Amma ba gaba daya ba: don haka, idanun dawisu bai kai ga Karita ba. Saboda wani dalili, waɗannan malam buɗe ido ba su wanzu a Arewacin Afirka ba, duk da yanayin da ya dace da su.
Mafi yawanci ana iya samunsu a cikin gandun daji da kuma makircin mutum - suna son yankuna kusa da gandun daji, amma a lokaci guda ana haskaka su da rana kuma suna da wadatattun furanni. Da kyar suke tashi zuwa cikin dajin, saboda babu wadatacciyar rana, kuma akwai barazanar lalata ganyen, suna yawo a cikin ciyayi masu yawa.
Hakanan suna iya zama a cikin tsaunuka masu matsakaici har zuwa tsawan mita 2,500; yanzu ba a same su a sama ba. Suna son wuraren shakatawa na gandun daji, har ma da wuraren shakatawa na birni, ana samunsu a cikin lambuna, sarari, har ma da gefen tabkuna da koguna - a wata kalma, tafiya cikin yanayi ana samun wannan malam buɗe ido a cikin birni. Amma yawansu a bayyane yake na odar girma a kwatanta da irin wannan cutar.
Sau da yawa, idanun dawisu yakan yi ƙaura mai nisan gaske don neman wurin zama mafi dacewa: suna iya tashi sama da goma har ma da ɗaruruwan kilomita, kodayake yana ɗaukar su lokaci mai yawa - malam buɗe ido ba zai iya shawo kan nesa mai nisa a lokaci ɗaya ba, yana buƙatar cika ƙarfinsa da tsirrai da hutawa, bugu cikin rana.
Menene malam buɗe ido mai tsuntsu ke ci?
Photo: Peacock Butterfly
Nectar na shuke-shuke da yawa.
Tsakanin su:
- sivets;
- dattijo;
- dandelion;
- kanwarka;
- ƙwaƙwalwa;
- marigold;
- ji burdock;
- albasa;
- marjoram;
- da sauran su.
Fiye da duka yana son buddley. Nectar shine ainihin kuma kusan shine kawai tushen tushen ƙarfin ga malam buɗe ido, amma banda shi, idanun dawisu shima ruwan itace yake jan hankalinsa - saboda haka, galibi ana iya ganinsu akan bishiyoyi suna shan shi.
Wani abin sha da aka fi so shi ne ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka bushe, ana ciyar da su sau da yawa ga malam buɗe ido a cikin bauta, saboda yana da sauƙi a same shi. Hakanan, don ciyar da malam buɗe ido, zaku iya narkar da zuma ko sukari a ruwa - wani lokacin ana ƙara piecesan itace fruita fruitan itace zuwa wannan maganin. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da malam buɗe ido a cikin bauta yau da kullun.
Don katako, tsire-tsire fodder sune:
- nettle;
- tsalle;
- rasberi;
- willow;
- rakita;
- hemp
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Malam buɗe ido yana iya yin hunturu a ɗaki mai ɗumi, amma tsarin rayuwarsa a wannan yanayin ba zai jinkirta sosai ba, kuma zai kasance mai aiki sosai. A sakamakon haka, ko dai zai fita daga baccin da ya tsufa kuma ya tashi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ko ma ya mutu yayin ɓoyewa.
Sabili da haka, idan malam buɗe ido ya kasance a cikin gidan ku a cikin hunturu, ya kamata ku fitar da shi a hankali kuma sanya shi a keɓantaccen wuri, misali, a cikin soro. Sannan hirarta zata tafi daidai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Peacock Day Butterfly
Ya bayyana a yanayin imago a farkon bazara kuma yana jin daɗin rayuwa har zuwa Satumba - mafi daidaituwa, har zuwa lokacin da lokacin sanyi na kaka ya zo. Wadannan malam buɗe ido suna ciyar da wani ɓangare na rayuwarsu a cikin jirgi, kuma yana iya kasancewa mai aiki da wucewa - godiya ga fukafukansu masu faɗi, suna adana kuzari ta hanyar tsarawa kawai.
Suna aiki ne kawai cikin hasken rana - da zaran ta fara sanyi a yamma, suna neman wurin kwana. Suna da matukar son hasken rana da dumi, saboda suna bukatar makamashi mai yawa don tashin jirage - saboda haka zasu iya kwantawa a rana na dogon lokaci kafin su fara jirgi na gaba.
Hakanan suna buƙatar yanayi mai kyau don tashi. Sabili da haka, idan lokacin damuna da sanyi a lokacin rani sun tsawaita, diapause yana buɗewa a idanun dawisu - malam buɗe ido yana shiga gajeren lokacin rani na rani. Yawancin lokaci takan shafe sati guda a ciki sannan ta dawo cikin rayuwa mai aiki kai tsaye bayan ta sake zama dumi da rana.
Idon dawisu hakikanin hanta ne; gabaɗaya, ba tare da ƙidaya lokacin hutun ba, zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekara guda. Bayan farkon yanayin sanyi, sai a shiga hunturu. Abin lura ne cewa a wani yanki mai dumi musamman, idanun dawisu na iya rufewa a karo na biyu, kuma zai sake farkawa daga rashin bacci a bazara.
Don haka, ana iya samun wannan malam buɗe ido a cikin ƙananan abubuwa a duk tsawon shekara - daga Maris zuwa Oktoba. Tabbas, a cikin yanayin tsayayyen yanayi wannan ba mai yuwuwa bane sosai, a lokacin bazara zaku iya haduwa da butterflies kawai wanda bazata farka ba da gangan, kuma sun tashi da sauri.
Kaico, mutuwa zata iya kasancewa jiransu, saboda malam buɗe ido wanda ya farka kafin lokaci yana ciyar da kuzari da yawa kuma ba zai iya sake cika shi da adadin da ya dace ba - duk da cewa wani lokacin takan sami damar samun matsuguni da ci gaba da hunturu domin sake farkawa idan yayi dumu dumu da gaske.
Don tsira daga lokacin hunturu, tana buƙatar nemo wurin da ba zai zama mai sanyi kamar a sararin sama ba, amma ba ɗumi ba: tana iya hawa ƙarƙashin bawon bishiyoyi, can cikin ƙasan daji, kan baranda da ɗakuna. Babban abu shi ne cewa wannan wuri an kiyaye shi daga sanyi da masu farauta.
A lokacin bacci, malam buɗe ido na iya jure yanayin daskarewa, duk da cewa bayyanar su ba ta dace ba. Amma ba za ta iya mayar da martani ga harin ba, tare da sake cika mata kayan abinci masu gina jiki - saboda haka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar keɓantaccen wuri kuma ku tanadi su a gaba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: pairan burodi na dawisu biyu
Wadannan butterflies suna rayuwa daya bayan daya. Lokacin da lokacin kiwo ya fara, maza sukan raba yankin a tsakanin su, bayan haka kuma kowannensu yana jiran mace ta bayyana. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, sai ya fara tsafin aure, wanda ya haɗa da tashi sama tare da raye raye. Haka kuma, butterflies suna yada pheromones a kusa da su, wanda hakan ke sawwaka musu samun junan su.
A sakamakon haka, mace takan hayayyafa kuma tana yin ƙwai ɗari ko ɗari ɗari, kusan a koyaushe akan raga. Yana daukar su sati daya ko biyu kafin caterpillars din ta fito daga gare su - a yanayi mai dumi hakan na faruwa da sauri, kuma a yanayin sanyi yana dadewa.
Cikakkiyar canjin dabi'a ce ta waɗannan kwari. Caterpillars na ƙarni na farko sun bayyana a watan Mayu, kuma na biyu a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Da farko sun kasance cikin diyan, kuma idan sun girma, sai su yi nesa da juna kuma su fara rayuwa dabam.
Caterpillars masu launi ne masu duhu kuma an lullubesu da dogayen doguwa, kodayake a zahiri suna ba da kariya kaɗan daga masu farauta, amma an tsara su, aƙalla, don tsoratar da wasu daga cikinsu. Caterpillar tayi kama da kusan ba za'a iya kusantar ta ba, amma masu farauta sun riga sun saba da wannan nau'in, kodayake yana iya shafar samari ba musamman masu yunwa ba.
Gabaɗaya, a cikin siffar kwari, idanun dawisu na rayuwa na kimanin wata ɗaya, kuma babban aikin sa a wannan lokacin shine abinci mai gina jiki. Tana cizon ganye kusan ci gaba, kuma tana girma sau 20, nauyinta yana ƙaruwa sosai. Sannan yana pupates kuma yana ciyarwa ta wannan hanyar, gwargwadon yanayin, har tsawon kwanaki 10-20 - kamar yadda yanayin canzawa daga kwai zuwa tsutsa, ya fi ɗumi, da sauri ya wuce wannan sifar.
Za a iya haɗa janjan a jikin kututtukan bishiyoyi, shinge, bango, ya danganta da launin farfajiyarsu, launinsa kuma zai iya bambanta, kwaikwayon yanayin - yana iya zama daga koren haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Pupa, kamar kwari, yana da ƙashi.
Lokacin da ci gaba ya ƙare, a ƙarshe, katse rawanin, kambin ci gaban malam buɗe ido, imago, yanayinsa na manya ya bayyana. Tana buƙatar ɗan lokaci kaɗan don ta saba da fikafikan, bayan haka kuma za ta kasance a shirye tsaf don tashi.
Halittan makiya na dawisu butterflies
Hotuna: Peacock Butterfly
Butterflies suna da makiya da yawa ta kowane fanni - suna cikin haɗari a kowane mataki na rayuwa. Zuwa manyan malam buɗe ido - zuwa mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da wasu, amma har ma sau da yawa sukan mutu a cikin fika ko baki na masu farauta.
Ana farautar su ta:
- beraye;
- tsuntsaye;
- manyan kwari;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe
Ya kare ne daga wadannan abokan gaba cewa idanun dawisu ya sami irin wannan launi mai haske. Zai zama kamar ba ta taimaka a cikin wannan kwata-kwata, akasin haka, tana ba da malam buɗe ido! A zahiri, lokacin da fikafikan sa suka buɗe, koyaushe tana faɗakarwa kuma a shirye take ta tashi daga mai farauta, amma idan ta huta, sai ta rufe su kuma ta haɗu da bawon bishiyoyi.
Idan mai farauta ya lura da ita kuma ya kawo mata hari, sai ta buɗe fikafikanta da sauri, kuma na ɗan lokaci ya rikitar da shi saboda tsananin canjin launi - wannan ɗan gajeren lokacin wani lokacin ya isa ya cece ta. Mafi sau da yawa, butterflies suna mutuwa saboda tsuntsaye, waɗanda suke da sauri da sauri kuma suna iya kama su ko da a cikin jirgi. Abu ne mai wahalar gaske ga sauran masu farautar yin wannan, don haka abin da ya rage kawai shi ne kwanto don jiransu.
Cutar kwatarda da kwarya kwata kwata kamar na manya, har ma sun fi kwazo - caterpillars sunada wadataccen abinci, haka kuma, basu da hannu sosai, kuma tabbas basa iya tashi. Sabili da haka, an hallaka adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu - ya riga ya zama babbar nasara don rayuwa ga raƙumi, har ma da imago - har ma fiye da haka, saboda chrysalis ma ba ta da tsaro.
Kamar yadda yake game da manya, kwari suna shan wahala sosai daga tsuntsayen da ke son tashi zuwa cikin gungun su kuma su cinye da yawa daga su lokaci ɗaya. Amma dabbobi masu rarrafe da beraye ba sa jinkiri a baya: yana da wahala a gare su su kama balaraben balaga, amma tsutsa wani abu ne daban. Har ila yau, tururuwa suna yi musu barazana, suna iya kashe kwarin da ya fi girma girma saboda ayyukan haɗin kai da kyau.
Har yanzu suna da hanyoyin da za su iya kare kansu daga abokan gaba: za su iya daukar matakin barazana, kamar dai za su kai wa kansu hari, za su fara rarrafe a kowane bangare, idan har yanzu suna zaune tare - don haka a kalla wani bangare zai tsira, ya dunkule cikin ball ya fado kasa. Hakanan, ana iya sakin koren ruwa daga gare su, an tsara shi don tsoratar da mai cin abincin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Bright dawisu malam buɗe ido
Idon dawisu ba shi da matsayin kiyayewa, tunda ba ya kasance daga nau'ikan halittu - akwai su da yawa a yanayi. Amma yawansu sannu a hankali ya ragu cikin ƙarni na 20, kuma irin wannan yanayin ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun farko na ƙarni na 21.
Ya zuwa yanzu, halin da ake ciki ba shi da mahimmanci, amma duk da haka, ya kamata a dauki matakan kare wannan malam buɗe ido a wasu yankuna, in ba haka ba raguwa a cikin zangonsa mai yiwuwa ne - a cikin yankuna da dama yawan jama'a ya ragu kusan zuwa mahimman dabi'u.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda mummunan yanayin muhalli, musamman, amfani da magungunan qwari. Kuma babbar matsalar ita ce ta rage yankin da tsire-tsire suka mamaye, wadanda ke zama matattarar abinci ga kwari. A wasu yankuna, kusan sun tafi, kuma malam buɗe ido yana ɓacewa bayan su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin adana malam buɗe ido a gida, kuna buƙatar sanya shi don bacci don hunturu. Don yin wannan, ciyar da shi, sannan saka shi a cikin kwalba ko akwati (dole ne ya zama ramuka don samun iska) kuma sanya shi a wuri mai sanyi - mafi kyawun zafin jiki na hunturu shine 0-5 ° C.
Wurin baranda mai haske yana aiki mafi kyau, amma kuma zaka iya sanya malam buɗe ido a cikin firiji. Idan aka zaɓi gilashi mai haske kuma zai tsaya akan baranda, ya kamata ku kula da inuwarta - rashin haske shima yana da mahimmanci. Sabili da haka, baranda ya fi dacewa da firiji, saboda a ƙarshen, lokacin buɗewa, hasken zai kunna.
Peacock malam buɗe ido baya haifar da wata illa ga shuke-shuke da aka noma. Duk da wannan, tana fama da ayyukan mutane, yawanta a hankali yana raguwa, kuma kusan an daina faruwa a wasu yankuna inda a da ya yadu. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar ƙoƙari don kare shi kuma ku taimaka wa butterflies da suka ɓace don tsira daga hunturu.
Ranar bugawa: Yuni 16, 2019
Kwanan wata sabuntawa: 23.09.2019 a 18:30
