Daurian bushiya Dabba ce mai shayarwa mai ƙarancin girma. Daga cikin dukkan wakilan dangin bushiya, wannan jinsin ya kasance mafi ƙarancin nazari, tun da yana haifar da sirrin rayuwa, keɓaɓɓe. A cikin dukkanin busassun bishiyoyi sune mafi ƙarancin ƙaya da tsofaffin dabbobi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ba a karkatar da dabbobin dabba zuwa sama, kamar yadda yake a duk sauran shingayen, amma baya.
Daurian hedgehogs sun sami suna saboda yankin mazauninsu - Yammacin Amur da Transbaikalia. A zamanin da, ana kiran waɗannan wurare Daurian. Abun takaici, a yau suna gab da bacewa kwata-kwata. Wannan shi ne mafi karancin nau'in jinsunan bushiya daga duk wanda yake a yau.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Daursky bushiya
Daurian hedgehog wakili ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa, yana cikin umarnin kwari, dangin bushiya, dangin bushiya, aji na Daurian, an keɓe su ga jinsin halittar. Masana ilmin dabbobi sun ƙayyade kimanin shekarun dabbobi - shekaru miliyan 15. Gandun daji na Daur ya tayar da sha'awa mafi girma a tsakanin masana kimiyya da masu bincike a tsakiyar shekarun sittin, lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin wakilan wannan jinsin ya yi kusan ɓarna a bazata yayin yaduwar magungunan kwari don kashe ƙwayoyi.
Bidiyo: Daurian bushiya
A zamanin da, tsakanin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, busharar itace take bayan armadillos. Masana ilmin namun daji suna kiran tsoffin magabatan bishiyar Daurian paleorictids. Sun kasance gama-gari a cikin Amurka da Turai ta zamani. An dauke su masu tonowa da kwari kwatankwacin wakilan dabbobin wannan lokacin. Wannan tabbaci ne daga manyan hakora da haƙoran hakora. Bayan haka, shi ne paleorictids wanda zai zama magabatan gidan bushiya. Wannan zai faru yayin tsakiyar da Marigayi Paleocene.
Farkon shrews na arboreal ne, amma a lokacin tsakiyar Eocene sun riga sun jagoranci hanyar rayuwa ta yau da kullun don shinge da lalatattun zamani kuma kusan suna kama da dabbobi masu shayarwa na zamani. Daga bishiyoyi ne da wasu mahimman ci gaba da kaifin hankali suka kore su - birrai. Bushewar bishiyoyi sun sami damar adana sifofi da yawa na zamani, kuma a lokaci guda, yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, ya sami fasali da yawa kama da nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Daurian bushiya cikin yanayi
Tsawon jikin hedgehog na Daur ya kai kimanin santimita 19-25. Musamman manyan mutane a cikin ƙananan lamura na iya kaiwa santimita 30. Nauyin jikin babban mutum gram 500-1100 ne. Ana lura da mafi girman nauyin jiki a lokacin kafin hunturu, lokacin da dabbobi ke ƙoƙarin cin abinci yadda ya kamata kafin lokacin yunwa. Saboda karancin kayan abinci a lokacin hunturu, sun rasa har zuwa 30-40% na nauyin jiki. Dabbobi suna da ƙaramar wutsiya, tsawonta bai wuce santimita 2-3 ba.
Duk jikin bishiyar Daurian an lullube shi da allurai masu kauri da karfi, wanda, ba kamar sauran wakilan dangin bushiya ba, ba a nusar da su kai tsaye, sai dai ci baya. An tsara allurar da ke jikin dabbar a cikin layuka masu tsayi. Hakanan an rufe yankin shugaban tare da ci gaba da kariya mai kariya na allurai. Tsawon allurar kusan santimita 2-2.5.
Baya ga allurai, jikin ƙaramin dabbar an lulluɓe shi da gashi mai kauri, mai kauri. Launin gashi na iya zama daban. A cikin yankin kai, galibi yana da haske, bambaro-rawaya, ko ɗan fari-fari. An rufe jikin da launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko launin toka mai toka. An rufe ciki da laushi, gashi mai kauri wanda yake da duhu fiye da baya. Allura galibi galibi farare ne, yashi ko launin toka-toka. Saboda wannan, kewayon launin launi gabaɗaya yana samun ruwan toka-mai-ruwan-toka.
Shugaban bushiyar Daurian yana da siffa mai kama da hanci mai tsawo. A saman saman kai, a gefunan, akwai kanana, masu zagaye, da masu fuskantar gaba. Idanun bushiya suna kama da beads biyu. Su kanana ne, baƙi, zagaye. Limafafun dabbobi suna da ƙarfi kuma sun ci gaba sosai. Afafu gajere ne amma masu kauri. Yatsun suna da ƙafafu masu tsayi, masu kauri.
A ina ne bushiyar Daurian ke zama?
Photo: Daursky bushiya a Rasha
Yankuna na yankin bushiya:
- Mongoliya;
- Kudu maso Gabas Transbaikalia a kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha;
- China;
- Selenginskaya Duaria;
- yankin Borshchevochny da tsaunukan Nerchinsky;
- yanki kusa da kogunan Ingoda, Chita da Shilka;
- Yankin Chita na Tarayyar Rasha;
- Yankin Amur na Tarayyar Rasha;
- Manchuria.
Dabbar tana zaune sosai a yankin Daursky, mazaunan su kuma suna da yawa a dajin Chasucheysky pine. Dabbar ta fi son steppes, yankuna na hamada, tsaunuka ko wurare masu duwatsu kamar mazauninsu. Sau da yawa zaka iya samun waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin a cikin kwazazzabai tare da wadatattun, da yawa na kauri na cotoneaster da almon, har ma da gangaren tsaunuka. Suna ƙoƙarin guje wa yankuna tare da ciyawa mai tsayi da tsayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bishiya ba ta da tsoron mutane kwata-kwata, kuma galibi suna rayuwa kusa da ƙauyukan mutane, ko ƙasar noma.
Galibi ana zaɓar wuraren bushe a matsayin mazauninsu. A cikin yankuna arewacin zama, an fi son wurare masu yashi. Har ila yau, suna jin daɗin zama a kan gandun daji da daɗaɗɗu. A cikin stepes, ana samunsa a wuraren da ciyayi da ciyawa ba su da yawa. Mafi yawanci sukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsu ko baƙin ciki iri iri a cikin ƙasa. Da farkon damina, sukan nemi tsari kuma kusan a koyaushe suna ɓoyewa a ciki.
Me bushiyar Daurian ke ci?
Photo: Daursky bushiya daga littafin Red
Daurian hedgehogs dabbobi ne masu kwari. Babban ɓangaren abincin shine kwari iri-iri, wanda dabbar zata iya haƙa ƙasa tare da taimakon ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi. Koyaya, yana da lafiya a faɗi cewa abincin dabba yana da yawa kuma yana da wadata.
Isar da abinci ga bushiyar bushiyar Daurian:
- ƙwaro
- tururuwa;
- ƙasa irin ƙwaro;
- kwan kwarto;
- crickets
Toari ga ƙwari, dabbobin da suke zaune kusa da ƙasar noma da ƙauyukan mutane suna cin abinci ne a kan tarkace da hatsi, hatsi. A cikin mazauninsu, zasu iya kama kuma su ci hamster, kwado, bera, maciji, kajin da aka kyankyashe daga ƙwai, idan tsuntsayen tsuntsayen suna wurin da yake isa.
Hakanan zasu iya cin ciyayi. A cikin irin wannan abincin, an ba da fifiko ga almond, ƙwanƙolin fure, cotoneaster. Koyaya, tana iya cin kusan kowane irin berriesa berriesan itace, da sauran nau'ikan ciyayi na ciyayi na daji. A lokacin lokacin da wadatar abinci ta yi karanci, za su iya ciyarwa a kan mushe.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Daursky bushiya
Dabbobi suna jagorantar ɓoyayyen salon rayuwa. Suna aiki sosai da dare. A wannan lokacin, suna fita motsi suna samo abincinsu. Suna son zama a wani yanki. Manya, maza masu ƙarfi suna iya mamaye yanki har zuwa kadada 400. Mata sun mallaki yanki mafi kyau - hekta 30-130.
An zaɓi keɓaɓɓun, wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba a matsayin mafaka - watsar da ramuka na badger, ɓacin rai a cikin ƙasa, wurare a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, bishiyar bishiyar Burrows kuma na iya zama tushen ƙasa. A cikin yankin Mongolia, suna zaune ne a cikin ramuka masu lalata. Rayuwa a cikin mafaka ya fi dacewa da mata, maza sun fi son yin bacci kawai a ƙasa.
Dabbobin ba sa aiki a cikin rigar, lokacin damina. Tare da farkon lokacin damina, suna ƙoƙari su jira wannan karon a cikin ramuka. Koyaya, a cikin gajimare, idan babu ruwan sama da damshi, suna jin daɗi, kuma suna iya yin aiki sosai koda a lokutan hasken rana. Idan dabba mai ƙaya ta ji haɗari, nan take take birgima ta zama ƙwallo, kuma ta zama kamar ƙwallon ƙaya.
Don mafi jure tsananin yanayi na hunturu a wasu yankuna, da kuma rashin tushen abinci, dabbobin suna bacci. Yana tsayawa daga ƙarshen Oktoba, farkon Nuwamba zuwa ƙarshen Maris, farkon Afrilu. Ana rarrabe bishiyoyin Daurian ta wurin keɓantaccen sirri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da yanki da kuma yanayin da ke ciki, wasu busassun bishiyoyi na iya yin kwana kusan 240-250 a shekara!
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Daursky bushiya
Dabbobi sun fi son yin rayuwa ta kadaici. Suna samar da nau'i-nau'i ne kawai a lokacin lokacin saduwa. Yana farawa yan kwanaki kadan bayan ƙarshen rashin nutsuwa. Haihuwar zuriya tana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara kuma ta faɗi a watan Mayu - Yuni. Kafin farkon haihuwa, mahaifiya mai ciki tana neman aiki da kuma shirya wurin haihuwar zuriyar ta gaba. Don yin wannan, za ta iya nemo ramin badger da aka bari, ko kuma ta haƙa sabo. Tsawon irin wannan matsuguni na iya kaiwa mita daya da rabi. Nakin gida mafi yawan lokuta ana samunsa a zurfin santimita 30-50 daga hanyar fita.
Ciki yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 35-40. Mace bushiyar Daurian zata iya haihuwa daga 4 zuwa 6 ƙananan busassu a lokaci guda. An haifi busassun bushewa kusan tsirara da makaho.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idanun busassun Daurian suna buɗe kwanaki 15-16 bayan haihuwa, kuma allurai sun fara girma cikin 'yan sa'o'i bayan haihuwa!
Koyaya, da sauri suna girma da ƙarfi, kuma bayan wata ɗaya suna shirye don rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Suna ciyar da nonon uwa har tsawon wata daya da rabi. Bayan watanni biyu, sai suka rabu da mahaifiyarsu kuma suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta, ta daban. Mata suna da hankali sosai kuma suna kula da uwa. Basu barin jariransu na kusan minti daya, alhali basuda komai. Idan bushiya ta hango kusancin haɗari, nan da nan ya ɗauki yaran zuwa wani wuri mafi aminci.
Sun balaga da watanni 10 - 12. Matsakaicin tsawon rai a cikin yanayin halitta ya kai kimanin shekaru 4-5, a cikin fursuna, gandun daji da tanadi na iya ƙaruwa zuwa 8.
Abokan gaba na burbushin Daurian
Hotuna: bushiyar dabba Daurian
Duk da allurai da jin waje na rashin iya isa da tsaro, a cikin yanayin yanayi bushiya tana da abokan gaba. Yawancin masu farauta waɗanda ke farautar bishiyoyi sun daidaita su tura su cikin ruwan. Da zarar sun shiga cikin ruwa, dabbobi na juyawa kuma maharan suna kama su.
Babban abokan gaba na bishiyoyin Daurian:
- dawakai;
- kerkeci;
- gaggafa;
- Buzzards na Mongoliya;
- badgers;
- ferrets;
- wakilan tsuntsaye - owls, ungulu mikiya.
Tsuntsaye masu farauta ba sa jin kunyar kasancewar ƙaya, ƙwanƙunansu masu ƙarfi da fika masu ƙarfi ana dacewa da su don kamawa da riƙe ko da ƙaya, sarƙaƙƙen bushiya. Yaran bushiya sukan zauna kusa da ƙauyukan mutane. A irin wannan yanayi, karnuka babban haɗari ne a gare su, musamman ma manyan yaƙe - yaƙe - bijimai, rottweilers, makiyaya, da dai sauransu. Hakanan, fakitin karnuka masu ɓatarwa sukan kai hari kan bushiya
Babban makiyin dabba mai ƙayoyi a cikin yanayin yanayi shine badger. Zai iya nemowa da lalata shinge koda a cikin kaburai. A wannan halin, yana haifar da haɗari ba kawai ga manya ba, har ma ga matasa, sabbin busassun bushara. Suna da rauni musamman saboda gaskiyar cewa basu da ƙayayyun kariya.
Hakanan ana iya kiran mutum makiya na bushiyar bushiyar Daurian. Sakamakon ayyukansa da ci gaban manyan yankuna, mahalli na waɗannan wakilan gidan bushiya ya ƙazantu kuma ya lalace. Dangane da wannan, an rage yawan dabbobi sosai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Daursky bushiyar Rasha
Zuwa yau, dajiyar daji ta Daurian tana cikin littafin Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha, tun da yake yawan yawan mutanen da ke cikin ƙasar yana raguwa cikin sauri. A cewar masanan, a cikin babban yankin da aka rarraba shi a Rasha - a kudu maso gabashin Transbaikalia, adadin wadannan wakilan dangin bushiya 550,000 - 600,000 ne.
Unionungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da namun daji ta kammala cewa jimillar dabbobin ba ta cikin haɗari a yanzu. Koyaya, suna jaddada cewa idan a nan gaba mazaunin dabbobi na ci gaba da lalacewa saboda ayyukan ɗan adam, yawan bishiyoyin Daurian na iya raguwa ƙwarai. Hakanan yana iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin mazaunin halittar waɗannan wakilai na dangin bushiya.
An sami raguwar kaɗan daga yawan bushiyar Daur a cikin shekaru sittin. A wannan lokacin, farautar ɓarnar haƙori da bagan tarbar Mongoliya, waɗanda ke ɗauke da cuta mai haɗari - annoba, ya fara. Bayan wannan, a wasu yankuna, adadin dabbobi bai wuce mutane 1-1.5 ba a cikin kadada 80 na yanki. Koyaya, yawan wuraren zama kusa da ƙasar noma da ƙauyukan mutane bai canza ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin shekarun 70-80s, adadin dabbobi masu farauta a wasu yankuna inda bushiyar Daurian ke rayuwa ta ragu sosai. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin wannan wakilin wakilin bushiya.
Kariyar bishiyar Daurian
Hoto: Daursky bushiya daga littafin Red
A yau, a cewar masana kimiyyar dabbobi, bushiyar Daurian ba ta buƙatar haɓaka da aiwatar da matakai na musamman don adana da ƙara lamba. Dabbar tana ƙarƙashin kariya da kariya a cikin wurin ajiyar yanayin Daursky. Kulawa da wannan nau'in dabbobi zai samu sauki ta hanyar matakan rage gurbatar muhallinsu. Wadannan sun hada da rage fitar da hayaki a cikin muhallin kayayyakin sharar daga bangarori daban-daban na ayyukan dan adam, amfani da hanyoyi masu laushi don shuka da girbin amfanin gona a yankin kasar noma, da aiwatar da matakai da nufin rage lamba da sikeli na gandun daji da gobara.
Hakanan yana da daraja a iyakance ko hana amfani da magungunan kwari ko wasu nau'ikan magungunan kashe kwari a yankunan da dabba mai ƙayoyi take rayuwa. A cikin yankuna inda Daurian ke zaune kusa da ƙauyukan mutane, yana da kyau a kula cewa karnukan cikin gida, musamman wakilan manyan dabbobi, ba a kwance ba. Hakanan ya kamata ku kula da yawan batattun, fakitin karnukan da suka bata. Waɗannan ayyukan za su iya ba da gudummawa yadda yakamata don haɓaka yawan bushiyar bushiya.
Daurian bushiya shine ɗayan tsoffin dabbobi masu rai a yau. Su ne na biyu bayan jiragen ruwan yaƙi. A lokaci guda, ba su kasance mafi mahimmancin ilimin ilimin jinsunan busassun mutane ba. Abubuwa da yawa game da salon rayuwarsu sun kasance sirri.
Ranar bugawa: 24.05.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 20.09.2019 a 20:52
