Kyakkyawan mutum finch - mazaunin gandun daji. Tun zamanin da, gashinsa mai haske yana aiki ne a matsayin abin ƙyama ga iyali, suna kawo farin ciki da annashuwa a gidan. Finch ba kyakkyawa ba ne kawai, amma har ma yana raira waƙa da kyau, yana farawa da sonsa da karin waƙoƙi, babu wata hanyar da ta gaza ta dare. Zai zama mai ban sha'awa don nazarin hanyar rayuwarsa, halayensa, halaye da sauran fasali da yawa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Chaffinch
Finch din waka ce daga dangin finch da kuma dokar wucewa. Sunan wannan tsuntsaye asalinsa Rashanci ne, wanda ya fito daga kalmar aikatau "sanyi", wato. daskare Abu ne mai sauki a yi tsammani cewa wannan tsuntsayen ƙaura ne, wanda ya isa tare da isowar zafi kuma ya ruga kudu tare da kusancin farkon sanyi. Mutane sun lura cewa akwatin gawa a cikin yanayin sanyi yana zaune, a ruke, kamar dai ana sanyaya shi, dalilin da yasa suka kira shi haka. Wannan tsuntsu shima yana da wasu laƙubban, suna kiransa finch, bullfinch, brisk, severukha, baƙin ƙarfe. Mace ta wannan nau'in tsuntsaye ana kiranta finch ko finch.
Bidiyo: Finch
Girman finch ya yi kama da na mai wucewa, amma lallensa ya fi kyau da haske. Kayan maza ya zama abin birgewa musamman a lokacin saduwa, kuma mace ta fi son sautunan da aka hana. Akwai adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan finchi, sun bambanta ba kawai a yankin mazauninsu na dindindin ba, amma a launi, girma, fasalin baki da sauran fasalulluka. A wasu yankuna, finch sune jagororin lambobi tsakanin ƙananan tsuntsaye ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abin mamaki, akwai kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan finch 450 da ke rayuwa a yankin duniyar tamu.
Baya ga chaffinch na Turai, wasu nau'ikan halittu guda uku suna zaune a cikin sararin ƙasarmu da ƙasashen tsohuwar USSR:
- A lokacin rani, fincin Caucasian yana rayuwa ne a tsibirin Kirimiya da Caucasus, kuma a lokacin hunturu yana motsawa zuwa arewacin Iran da kuma yankin Transcaucasus na kudu, yana ɗaukar duka gandun daji da tsaunuka (har zuwa tsayin kilomita 2.5). Launinsa yayi kama da finch na Turai, jikinsa ya kai tsawon cm 13. Wannan fuka fukai ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar ba da sautuka ba, kama da kukan titmouse;
- Finkin Kopetdag yana da launi mai launi tare da manyan ɗigon fari a fuka-fuki da wutsiya; yana zaune a cikin Turkmenistan a yankin yankin Kopetdag polymountains;
- Finch ɗin Hyrcanian ya fi ƙanƙanci da launi fiye da na Turai. Kan tsuntsun yana da inuwar toka mai duhu, baya cakulan ne, kuma cikin yana da ɗan ja.
Kodayake finch yawanci ƙaura ne, amma wasu daga cikinsu suna ci gaba da mamaye ƙasa a cikin yankin, ya dogara da yanayin yankin na musamman. A lokacin sanyi na hunturu, finch suna jagorancin rayuwa mai ban sha'awa, suna zaɓar zama a cikin buɗaɗɗun wurare (filaye, filaye). Sau da yawa ana iya ganin gwarare a cikin garken waɗannan tsuntsayen. Akwai wata alama a tsakanin mutane cewa ambaliyar ruwan finch ta yi gargaɗi game da sanyi mai zuwa. Yana da kyau a fahimta dalla-dalla siffofin waje na wannan tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa mai raɗaɗi a kan misalin finch na Turai, wanda ake ɗaukar mafi yawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Bird finch
Mafi yawan jinsunan chaffinch shine na Turai, wanda zamu fara bayyana shi. Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, finch tsuntsu ne mai matsakaicin girma, wanda yayi daidai da gwarare. Jikinta ya kai tsawon cm 15, kuma yawansa daga gram 15 zuwa 40. Fukafukan tsuntsayen sun kai kimanin cm 28. Wutsiyar finch ɗin ta fi tsayi kuma ba a santa ba, tsawonta ya kai kimanin cm 7. Bakin kuma yana da tsawo kuma yana da kaifi. An rarrabe tsuntsun ta hanyar laushi zuwa taɓa da kuma kaurin labu, wanda ke da kyakkyawa mai kyau, launi mai kyau, lallai ne ya kamata ku mai da hankali akan sa.
Launin finch shine katin kiran sa. Yana da kyau maza waɗanda ke da wannan fasalin. Hular da gyale a wuyan namiji suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma ana iya ganin ɗamarar baƙaƙen baki a saman baki. Baya na finch yana da launin ruwan goro-mai ruwan goro, kuma ana iya ganin sautin mai launin rawaya-kore a yankin yankin, dogayen gashin fuskoki da masu toka sun ƙawata jela. Fuka-fukan Chaffinch suna da farin haske, kuma an rarraba farin dogayen launuka akan su ta hankula. Ciki da kumatun tsuntsun masu launin ruwan kasa ne ko ja mai ja.
Namiji yana da irin wannan kyakkyawar bayyanar kusan shekaru biyu na rayuwarsa. Mata sun fi sauki kuma ba mai haske ba, launin toka, ɗan koren launuka da launin ruwan kasa sun mamaye launuka, kajinsu da ƙananan dabbobi suna da launi iri ɗaya kamar na mata, kajin kawai suna da tabo fari a bayan kai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin saduwa, bakin namiji yana canza launi, ya zama mai shuɗi da kusan shuɗi a ƙarshen, kuma a lokacin hunturu ana yi masa zane mai launin ruwan hoda. A cikin mace, launin bakin baki koyaushe yana canzawa (jaraba).
A ina finch ke rayuwa?
Photo: Filin finch
Finch tsuntsu ne mai yaɗuwa, saboda haka mazaunin yana da faɗi sosai.
Na dauki zato zuwa finch:
- yamma da Asiya;
- arewa maso yammacin nahiyar Afirka;
- Turai;
- Finland (yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar);
- Sweden da Norway (wasu sassan jihohin);
- Azores, Canary da Tsibirin Burtaniya;
- Maroko da Madeira;
- Tunisia da Aljeriya;
- Siriya;
- Asiya orarama;
- arewacin Iran;
- wani ɓangare na ƙasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet;
- Rasha.
Gabaɗaya, finch ana ɗaukarsa tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura, amma dangane da yankin, zai iya kasancewa don hunturu a wasu yankuna. A lokacin rani suna zaune ne a cikin Caucasus, Siberia, yankin Turai na ƙasarmu, overwinter a Kazakhstan, Turai ta Tsakiya, arewacin Afirka, Asiya orarama, Crimea. Don lokacin hunturu, akwatin gawa zai iya komawa zuwa makwabta, mafi yankuna kudu. Don haka, zamu iya cewa finch ba kawai ƙaura ba ne, amma har ma makiyaya ne da marasa nutsuwa.
Tsuntsaye sun fi son wurare tare da bishiyoyi da yawa, don haka ana iya samun su a cikin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, dazuzzuka, ƙananan kurmi. Suna son finch, duka hadaddun gandun daji da spruce, amma ba masu yawa ba, sun fi son gandun daji masu haske. A cikin dazuzzukan da ba za a iya wucewa ba ba za ku ga gidansu ba, suna zama kusa da gefuna, saboda suna samun yawancin abincinsu a ƙasa. Mafi yawan lokuta, finch na komawa wuraren da suka saba inda suka zauna a bara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Chaffinches galibi suna zama kusa da ƙauyukan ɗan adam, galibi suna jin daɗin zuwa ƙauyuka da wuraren shakatawa na birni.
Menene akwatin gawa yake ci?
Hotuna: Finch a Rasha
Tsarin finch ya ƙunshi kowane irin kwari da tsire-tsire. Har yanzu, tsohon ya fi yawa a cikin abincin kaji. Masana kimiyyar-kwalliya, wadanda suka yi nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin gawar, sun gano cewa tana cin kwayar ciyawar iri-iri kuma ba ta ƙin 'ya'yan itace da anda fruitsan itace. A lokacin bazara, menu sun fi yawan abincin dabbobi. Don haka, abincin tsire-tsire na finch ya haɗa da: tsaba na kowane irin ciyawa (nettles, quinoa), tsaba na bishiyoyin coniferous, fruitsa fruitsan itace da berriesa berriesan berriesa ,a, buda ofan bishiyar bishiyoyi, furanni, ,an ganye, Cones.
Abincin dabbobin finchi ya kunshi: kwari iri-iri, tururuwa, kudaje, kwari, kwari, larvae. Chesarshe yana ba da taimako mai ƙarfi a cikin yaƙi da kwari irin su ɓarke. Tsuntsu yana da matukar amfani, duka na dazuzzuka da kasar noma, saboda yana cin kwari da yawa na shuke-shuke da na daji.
Bakin wannan karamin tsuntsu yana da karfi kuma yana da karfi, kuma bakin yana da rashin daidaito, tsokar fuskokin makarar suna da karfi, saboda haka tana iya jimrewa da abinci mai matukar wahala. Gwanin ƙwaro mai ƙarfi, bawo ƙwai mai kauri ko tsaba iri mai wuya ba shine cikas ga finch ba. Gwanin gawa yana neman yawancin abincinsa a ƙasa, yana tafiya tare da samansa tare da saurin tsalle da sauri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Finch kawai daga danginsu na finch gaba ɗaya suna ciyar da kajinsu da kwari su kaɗai, ban da sauran abincin tsirrai a cikin abincin su.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Chaffinch a cikin hunturu
Finchi suna rayuwa cikin garken tumaki, suna haɗuwa biyu-biyu kawai don tsawon lokacin saduwa. Har zuwa mutane 100 zasu taru lokacin da suke shirin tashi zuwa yankuna masu dumi. Waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen suna tashi cikin sauri da sauri, cikin saurin kusan kilomita 55 cikin awa ɗaya. Don murmurewa da ciyarwa, suna yin hutu na kwanaki da yawa a kan hanya. Komawa gida yana faruwa daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu (ya danganta da yanayin yankin). Na farko, maza sun isa, yana nuna dawowar su da babbar murya, kimanin mako guda daga baya mata suka bayyana.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Finch yana aiki da rana, galibi ana gani akan rassan bishiyoyi, tare da shi yana tafiya gefe. A ƙasa, tsuntsun yana yin ƙaramin tsalle, yana neman abinci wa kansa.
Thearfin waƙa na finch ya cancanci ambata daban, saboda ya kasance mai kyawawan halaye a cikin wannan matsala. Jin daɗi da ambaliyar chaffinch roulades halaye ne na musamman na bazara. Namiji finch a zahiri ya shiga cikin waƙarsa, yana mai da kansa baya kuma bai lura da komai a kusa da shi ba. Chaffinch trills koyaushe suna da himma, suna birgima kuma suna da kyau ƙwarai, suna ƙarewa da wani yanayi na musamman (sauti mai ɗorewa), kuma kafin babban abun zaka iya jin babban sauti, busawa da rubutu.
Za'a iya raba dukkan waƙar chaffinch zuwa matakai:
- solo;
- trill;
- yabanya.
Duk wannan aikin waƙar ba zai wuce sakan uku ba kuma an rarraba shi tare da dakatarwa har zuwa dakika 10. Saboda irin wannan kyawawan waƙoƙin, da yawa suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye finch a cikin fursuna, amma wannan yana da matuƙar wahalar yi, saboda wannan tsuntsu ne mai kyauta, ba ta son yin waƙa a cikin keji, tana cikin fargaba koyaushe kuma tana son ballewa, yana da matukar wahala a zaɓi abinci don finch. Tabbas, a cikin fursuna, tsuntsu na iya rayuwa na kimanin shekaru goma, kuma a cikin yanayin yanayi shekaru biyu ko uku kawai, amma ya fi kyau kada a hana finch na 'yanci, saboda a cikin dajin za ku iya sauraron aikinsa mai kayatarwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: gama gari
Mun riga mun gano cewa finch tsuntsaye ne na makaranta, suna rayuwa bibbiyu a lokacin saduwa da nest. Maza daga ƙasashe masu dumi sun zo mako ɗaya kafin mata. Alamar lokacin auratayya alama ce da babbar hayaniyarsu da waƙar ƙarfi. Yayin saduwar aure, fadace-fadace, hayaniya, hayaniya da tashiwar maza daga wuri zuwa wuri galibi suna faruwa, aikin kansa yana faruwa ko dai akan rassan bishiyoyi masu kauri ko kuma a saman duniya.
Mace ce ke kula da ginin gida, kuma namiji yana taimaka mata wajen isar da kayan da ake buƙata don wannan. Gininsa yana farawa wata ɗaya bayan isowa. Gidajen Chaffinch suna da tsayi da zurfi, bangonsu yana da ƙarfi sosai. An gina gida na gansakuka, lichens, siraran sirara, fulawa, ulu, bawon birch, cobwebs. Latterarshen yana ba da tsari ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Gidajen suna da tsayi (kimanin mita huɗu), waɗanda suke a cokulan manyan rassan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mata masu aiki marasa nutsuwa, lokacin da suke gina gida, sauka don kayan gini kusan sau dubu daya da rabi, kowane lokaci kuma yakan tashi zuwa wurin ginin.
Lokacin da gida ya shirya, lokaci yayi da za'a sa ƙwai, wanda yawanci yakan fara daga huɗu zuwa bakwai, suna da launin shuɗi-kore ko ja-koren launi, an rufe su da tabo mai launin shuɗi a saman. Kama ƙwai alhakin uwar da ke ciki ne, yana ɗaukar makonni biyu. Uba na gaba a wannan lokacin yana kawo abinci ga abokin ransa. Bayan tsawon mako biyu, an haifi ƙananan kajin, waɗanda ba su da komai kuma an rufe su da haske mai sauƙi a baya da kai, kuma fatar jikinsu tana da launi ja.
Uba da uwa masu kulawa suna ciyar da jariransu tare, suna sanya kananan kwari da tsutsa zuwa cikin bakinsu. Ba za ku iya kusantar gida ba a wannan lokacin, saboda zai iya kawo karshen bala'i, finch na iya barin shi gaba ɗaya, to yara zasu mutu. Kusa da tsakiyar watan Yuni, kajin sun fara yin tashin jirgin su na farko, iyaye suna ciyar da zuriyar su na kusan sati biyu. Finch din na sarrafawa don sanya kama na biyu kusa da ƙarshen bazara, akwai ƙananan ƙwai a ciki fiye da na farko, kuma ana yin sa a wani, sabon gida.
Abokan gaba na finch
Hotuna: Chaffinch a cikin bazara
Finch karamin tsuntsu ne, saboda haka yana da abokan gaba da yawa. Finches kuma suna fama da manyan tsuntsaye: magpies, hankaka, masu yanke itace, jays. Sau da yawa suna kashe ƙananan ƙananan kajin da ƙwanƙwan ƙwai na finch. Da daddare, akwatin gawar da ke zaune a cikin daji na iya zama abun ciye-ciye ga mai farautar mujiya, wanda ba ya kyamar cin abinci a kansu. Sau da yawa takan aiwatar da dabarar tsoratarwa, tsoratarwa, don haka fitar da ƙananan tsuntsaye daga mafakarsu na dare.
Abokan gaba na finch ba tsuntsaye ba ne kawai, har ma da squirrels, ermines, martens, waɗanda suke daidai da kambin bishiyoyi. Chesarshen da ke zaune a wuraren shakatawa na ƙauyuka na iya zama ganima ga kuliyoyi na yau da kullun, waɗanda ƙwarewar farautar su cikin jinin su. Namiji yakan zama mai rauni musamman lokacin da yake aiwatar da waƙoƙin sa na waƙa, a wannan lokacin ya rasa taka tsantsan da faɗakarwa, baya ganin komai a kusa, don haka za'a iya kama shi cikin sauƙi.
Kaji masu yin jirgin sama na farko na iya mutuwa. Mutanen da ke mamaye cikin gidajen finchi suna kawo musu babbar illa, saboda a irin waɗannan yanayi, iyaye suna barin kajinsu, suna barin su sun lalace. Finch din kuma yana mutuwa ne daga magungunan ƙwari wanda mutum ke noma filaye da bel ɗin daji. Yanayin muhalli mara kyau kuma ya rage tsawon rayuwar waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki.
Lalata dazuzzuka kuma ba ya haifar da da kyau ga finch. Duk da saurin sa, sassauci da jimiri, duk da haka, haɗari daban-daban na jiran wannan ƙaramin kuma, a wasu lokuta, tsuntsu mara kariya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Finch namiji
Finch ya yadu sosai, yankin rarrabawa yana da yawa, kuma yawan jama'a yana da yawa. Duk da haka, akwai abubuwanda suka shafi mutane da yawa wadanda suke shafar lambar wannan karamin tsuntsun.
Wadannan sun hada da masu zuwa:
- sare dazuzzuka na yankuna dazuzzuka;
- kaskantar da wuraren zama tsuntsaye na dindindin;
- tsangwama a rayuwar tsuntsaye;
- lalata wuraren zamansu;
- karancin kayan abinci;
- fadada ƙasar noma;
- tashin hankali tattalin arziki ayyukan mutane.
Akwai wurare da yawa da yawa da yawa don yin finch inda zasu iya sauka gida lafiya, don haka a yankuna da yawa haifuwarsu ta tsaya, kuma yawan tsuntsayen yana raguwa. Gidajen waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da ban sha'awa kuma sananne, sabili da haka galibi ana lalata su saboda sauƙin sani. Duk da irin waɗannan munanan halayen, akwai tabbaci cewa kusan nau'i-nau'i na finchi miliyan ɗari suna rayuwa a Turai kawai. Bugu da kari, a cikin yankuna na Asiya, wadannan tsuntsayen suma suna da adadi mai yawa. A bayyane, juriyar wannan ƙaramar tsuntsayen ne ke shafar wannan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don haka, a yau zamu iya cewa da gaba gaɗi cewa yawan finchi, sa'a, ba sa fuskantar barazana, wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ba sa cikin kariya ta musamman kuma suna da yawa. Ana fatan cewa wannan halin zai ci gaba a nan gaba.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara cewa kyawun akwatin gawa, da waƙar sa mai ban sha'awa da motsa rai yana motsawa, sihiri da ba da ladabi na nishaɗi. Tare da duk kyawawan halayen waje na finres, finch kuma yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, yana lalata kowane irin kwari. Idan aka kalli finch, yana da wuya a yarda cewa irin wannan ƙaramin tsuntsayen yana ɗauke da kuzari sosai, lalata, son 'yanci, zane-zane, kyakkyawa da kuma baiwa mai ban mamaki.
Ranar bugawa: 05/25/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 20.09.2019 a 20:55
