Mashahurin wakilin tawagar Coleoptera shine kayan aikin katako... Wannan kwaron yana da girma mai girma, dogon gashin baki da wasu halaye na waje wadanda ba za'a iya manta dasu ba. Dabbar ta sami sunan ta dangane da halaye da dabi'un jiki: itace gida ne na masu yankan itace, ya zama musu abinci. Sauran fasalulluka na wannan kwaron an bayyana su a cikin wannan littafin.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Katako mai yanke katako
Katako mai relict yana da wasu sunaye da yawa. Ana kiran shi galibi relict ko Ussuri barbel, mai yanke katako na Ussuri. A cikin Latin, ana kiran dabbar Callipogon relictus. Lumberjacks na dangin barbel ne, dangin prionin. Su manyan wakilai ne na babban tsari na ƙwaro. A cikin Eurasia, wannan kwaro an san shi a matsayin mafi ƙwarin ƙwaro.
Bidiyo: Relic Lumberjack
Katako mai katako yana ɗayan tsoffin "tsoffin" mazauna duniyarmu. Ya kasance mai ba da shaida, mai halartar kai tsaye cikin canje-canje da yawa waɗanda suka faru a Duniya shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. An cancanci a kira shi "kwatancin zamanin", "burbushin halittu". Bugu da kari, Ussuri barbel ita ce kadai kwaro mai zafi na jinsin Callipogon da ke zaune a Turai, Asiya, da Afirka. Duk sauran wakilan wannan jinsin suna rayuwa ne kawai a Amurka.
Katako mai ban sha'awa ba kawai don asalinsa da tarihinsa ba. Wannan ƙwaro ya bambanta da sauran abubuwa da halaye. Don haka, ƙirarta ba ta zama daidai ba ga ƙwaro, yana da kama da ci gaba mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi.
Katako mai katako yana da wasu bambance-bambance daga sauran ƙwaro irin sa. Yana da cikakkiyar santsi, ba haka yake bayyane na jaws. Bayan jikin ya fi tsayi da yawa. Saboda wannan dalili, gashin-baki na waje ya fi guntu sosai fiye da na sauran beetles na jinsin halittar. Idanun dabba suna haduwa a kambi, kuma a gefunan prothorax akwai spines a maimakon notches.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Relict itace mai yanke itace
Ussuri barbel ita ce mafi yawan kwari a Eurasia. Maza na iya kaiwa tsawon milimita dari da goma, mata ba sa wuce milimita casa'in. Launi na beetles halayyar ne - baƙar fata ko baƙar fata. An kuma fentin ƙafafun baƙar fata, kuma elytra masu launin ruwan kasa-kirji. Warin yana da ƙananan haske guda biyu kawai a kan bututun mai.
Siffar halayyar waje irin wannan ƙwaro shine dogon gashin baki. Eriya eriya ta maza ta fi ta mata tsayi. Wasu lokuta sukan wuce sulusi na tsawon jikin duka. Hakanan, maza suna da kwalliya masu ban sha'awa. Girman su yawanci sau da yawa girman kan namiji. An nemi shi a ƙarshen maɓallin. Jawananan jaw da lebe an rufe su da ji. Yana da kauri sosai da launin lemu. Kwalliyar mace ta fi ta shugaban kasa.
Duk dogayen doron Ussuri suna da fikafikai da juriya mai kyau. Suna da ikon yin tafiya mai nisa. Koyaya, tsarin jirgin yana ba su wahala. Manyan mutane suna tashi a hankali, suna fuskantar matsaloli yayin hawan.
Katako mai relict yana da ma'amala, ƙaramar matattakala mara ƙarfi. Elytra yana da tsayi, an ɗan taƙaita shi a rabi na biyu. Akwai ƙananan dige, shanyewar jiki akan elytra. Mata suna da dige-dige, maza suna da karin shanyewar jiki.
Ina katako mai relict yake rayuwa?
Photo: Katako mai yanke katako Red Book
Barbel ta Ussuri kwari ne wanda ba kasafai ake samun sa ba, sabanin sauran yan barbel. Mahalli na wannan dabba ita ce Asiya, Turai da Rasha. Mafi yanke katako a cikin Tarayyar Rasha. Yankin arewa maso yamma na mazaunin yana cikin Yankin Amur. An samo mafi yawan irin wannan ƙwaro a kusa da garin Raichikhinsk. An sami wasu mutane a cikin yankuna masu zuwa: Mazanovsky, Arkharinsky, Selemdzhinsky.
A cikin ƙananan lambobi, an gano wannan nau'in kwari ba zato ba tsammani a cikin ajiyar Norsk da Khingansky. Yanzu yana da tsaro sosai a cikin yankuna na waɗannan wuraren ajiyar kuɗi, saboda ɗan katako wanda ya rage yana gab da halaka. Hakanan, yankin na halitta ya haɗa da Yankin Khabarovsk. A can kwaroro yake zaune a arewacin Khabarovsk, Primorsky Krai, yankin Yammacin Yuan. Iyakar arewacin yankin tana cikin ƙauyen Ekimchan.
A kan yankin yanki na masu yanke katako, sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan barbel suna rayuwa. Yaya za a rarrabe relictus na Callipogon? Wadannan ƙwaro basu taɓa ɓoye eriya a ƙarƙashin kansu ba, sabanin dangin su na kusa. Suna iya jefa su kawai a bayan baya.
Hakanan, mazaunin wannan dabbar ya hada da yankunan Koriya ta Kudu, Arewa maso gabashin China, da DPRK. A can, jinsunan suna rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafin nama.
Menene mai katako mai relict yake ci?
Hotuna: Katako mai katako a Rasha
Masu yanke katako suna cikin tsari mai yawa na kwari - masu zalunci-masu fuka-fukai. Sunansu kawai ya faɗi abubuwa da yawa - duk rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin suna da alaƙa da itacen. Ana rarrabe dogayen ta hanyar ƙaunatacciyar soyayyarsu ga manyan bishiyoyi, wani lokacin itatuwan pine.
Abincin su ya kunshi:
- ruwan itace;
- haushi na matasa rassan.
Manyan beraye suna son cin abinci a kan ruwan lemon tsami, linden, Birch, da sauran bishiyoyi. Wani lokaci abincin ya hada da pollen, ganye, allura. Duk da girman su, dogayen manya suna cin kaɗan. Don neman abinci, waɗannan kwarin sukan kwashe kusan dukkannin hasken rana. Da dare, suna hutawa a mafaka, wani lokacin suna tururuwa zuwa tushen haske.
Ana kama masu satar katako a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don nazarin kwarin don dawo da yawan jama'arta cikin yanayin ta. Mafi sau da yawa, masu bincike sukan hadu da mata. Sun fi karkata ga jirage, doguwar tafiya. A cikin bauta, ana ba da waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin sukarin syrup.
Abun gwanon kayan kwalliya yana da ƙarancin abincin "m" a matakin larva na ci gaba. Larananan larvae suna da rauni sosai. Suna cin itace da suke zaune a ciki. Saboda wannan, ƙwaro yakan kawo babbar illa ga tsirrai da mutane.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Katako mai yanke katako
Hanyar rayuwar mai yanke katako ya dogara da yanayi biyu: mazauni, yanayi. Irin ƙwaro da ke rayuwa kusa da kudu, a arewa, suna fara tashi daga tsakiyar watan Maris. A wasu yankuna (Asiya ta Tsakiya), jirgi yana farawa daga farkon kaka. Iyakar ayyukan waɗannan dabbobin galibi suna faɗuwa ne da rana. Da dare, kwari suna zama a mafaka. Koyaya, wani lokacin suna aiki da dare, suna tururuwa zuwa tushen haske mai haske.
Tsutsaye suna cinye dukkan rayuwarsu cikin itace. Mafi yawansu ana samun su ne a cikin bishiyoyi masu kauri. Misali, a cikin ash, elm, linden, poplar. Ba kasafai ake samun su ba, ana samun su a cikin birches, itacen oaks, maple. Manya, a gefe guda, suna zama a cikin dazuzzuka masu yanke shawara, kuma suna iya tashi daga wannan bishiyar zuwa wani sau da yawa a rana.
Daga rebelt barbel "matukan jirgi" ba sune mafi kyau ba. Yayin tashin, wadannan kwari suna da matukar damuwa, suna da wahalar gaske lokacin da suke dagawa daga farfajiyar da ke kwance. Babban dalilin wannan rashin jin dadin shine girman girman kwaro. Girman mutum, ƙarancin tashi. Mata sun fi dacewa da jiragen sama. Sun fi ƙanana.
Etarfafawa irin ta barbel tana da ƙarfi, da ƙarfi. Suna iya ciji a cikin fensir. Koyaya, ga mutane, wannan dabbar ba ta da haɗari. Bata cizon, koda kuwa ka kamo katako ka riƙe shi a hannu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Katako mai yanke katako
Za'a iya gabatar da tsarin haihuwar katako mai kayatarwa a matakai:
- bincika ma'aurata masu dacewa. Lokacin saduwa yana farawa a cikin bazara. Don jan hankalin maza, mata suna ɓoye wani sirri na musamman;
- haɗawa Don wasannin soyayya, beetles suna saukowa ƙasa da inda mace tayi shirin yin ƙwai. Dukan tsarin saduwa yana ɗaukar mintuna talatin. Bayan saduwa, namiji baya saurin tashi daga mace. Yana yi mata rakiya zuwa wurin da za a sa ƙwai nan gaba;
- kwanciya ƙwai. Wata mace mai satar itace na sarrafawa don sa ƙwai kimanin ashirin da takwas a lokaci guda. An ajiye su a jikin kututturen bishiyar abincin. Yana cikin bishiyar da aka zaɓa cewa tsutsa za ta rayu, ci gaba da ciyarwa.
Kimanin kwana daya bayan kwan kwan, mace da namiji suka sauko ƙasa. Can suka mutu.
Matsakaicin mataki Lokacin da aka haifi tsutsar, sai su kutsa cikin zurfin itacen. A can suke yin motsi. Yawancin larvae masu shekaru daban-daban ana iya samunsu a itace ɗaya. Itace iri ɗaya ana iya yawaita sau da yawa. A cikin bishiyar abincin, larvae na hibernate kusan sau shida.
Yara, sauyawa zuwa girma. Sauyawa cikin pupa yawanci yakan faru ne a lokacin bazara - a tsakanin Yuni-Yuli. Pupae na ci gaba na kimanin wata guda, a ƙarshen lokacin da suke kaiwa daga milimita saba'in zuwa ɗari da goma.
Abokan gaba na kayan aikin katako
Photo: Katako mai yanke katako daga littafin Red
Mafi munin abokan gaba na masu satar katako, kamar sauran wakilan babbar ƙungiyar su, masu saran itace ne. Wadannan tsuntsayen sukan lalata larvae, kwai, wani lokacin kuma manya. Sau da yawa, manyan ƙwaro suna zama waɗanda wasu tsuntsaye na ganima da dabbobi ke fuskanta. Wannan yakan faru ne yayin da kwari suka kusa kasa. Manyan tsuntsaye na kaiwa beraye hari a cikin tashi.
Ana iya kiran sananan sananan kwayoyin ɗan maƙiyan ɗan adam na barbel. Dabbobi daban-daban, ƙwayoyin cuta basa haifar da mutuwar ɗan ƙwanƙwasa irin ƙwaro. Koyaya, suna lalata lafiyar sa da mahimmanci, ƙarshe kashe. Vaananan larva ba su da wataƙila su zama waɗanda maƙiyi ya shafa. Suna ɓoyewa a cikin itace, a cikin ɓatattun hanyoyin.
Ba da daɗewa ba aka kawo musu hari kuma aka lalata su:
- ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta;
- masu katako;
- wasps - mahaya;
- wasu nau'in beetles.
Relict barbel beetles ba sau da yawa fada cikin ganima ga masu cin nama, parasites, tsuntsaye. Mafi yawanci sukan mutu a hannun mutane. Mutum ne wanda za'a iya kiran shi babban makiyin wannan dabba. Katako yana da wuya sosai, har ma kwari ne na musamman. Kusan dukkan masu tara kwari, masoyan baƙon abu suna so su same shi. Kudin irin wannan dabba a kasuwar bayan fage na iya kaiwa dala dubu. Saboda wannan dalili, ana samun karin mafarauta don ƙwarin ƙwaro mai ƙima a kowace rana, duk da cewa doka ta hana shi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Dabba mai yanke katako
Ana wakiltar dangin barbel da yawa. Zuwa yau, an san iri iri sama da dubu ashirin. An rarraba su kusan ko'ina cikin duniya, yawan su gaba ɗaya baya haifar da damuwa tsakanin masana kimiyya. Koyaya, mai yanke katako shi da kansa an san shi a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin haɗari; an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Jahili na duk jihohin da asalin ƙasarsu take.
Yawan waɗannan kwari suna raguwa cikin sauri kusan a duk faɗin ƙasar Rasha. Akwai dalilai da yawa na irin wannan saurin raguwar adadin beetles. Dalili mafi mahimmanci shine sare bishiyar daji a cikin mazaunin ta. Mutane suna lalata bishiyoyi fiye da yadda suke shukawa. Etwaro irin ƙwaro ba shi da wurin da za su yi kiwo.
Yanayin tsafta na gaba daya a cikin dazuzzuka kuma yana yin mummunan tasiri ga yawan waɗannan kwari. Yanayin muhalli suna da mahimmanci. Dazuzzuka sun ƙazantu, ƙasa tana cike da magungunan ƙwari. Wani mutum ya kawo babbar illa ga kayan kwalliyar kwalliya. Mutane da gangan suna lalata waɗannan kwari, kama su don tarin kansu ko sayarwa. An lalata ƙwaro saboda tasirinsu na lalacewa akan katako, ƙasashe masu kore. Kuma kama dabbobi yana da alaƙa da tsadar su mai tsada a cikin kasuwa, keɓancewa.
Kariya na katako na katako
Photo: Relic woodcutter Red Littafin Rasha
Barikin Ussuri shine mafi ƙanƙancin jinsin dangi. Popananan mazaunan wannan kwari suna zaune a cikin ciyawa, iri daban-daban na gandun daji. A yau, irin wannan kwarin yana da kariya ta doka. An lissafa shi a cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha saboda raguwar yawan alumma a cikin yankin mazauninsu na asali. An rarraba ƙwayoyin Longhorn a cikin rukuni na biyu kuma an yarda da su azaman jinsin da ke taɓarɓarewar lambobi.
Masana kimiyya sun ambaci dalilai guda uku mafiya mahimmanci na rage yawan katako na katako - waɗannan su ne sare bishiyoyi, tarkon manya da ƙaunatattun masoya, tsaftace dazuzzuka da gangan daga kwari (katako na cutar itace).
Tasirin lalacewar waɗannan abubuwan ya haifar da saurin hallaka ƙwaro. A yau, masu yankan katako suna da kariya ta doka. A kan iyakar yankinsu, an hana shi kamawa da farautar ƙwarƙwara manya. Idan aka keta wannan doka, mutum na iya karɓar tara. Hakanan an daidaita Longhorns a yawancin rasha na Rasha, inda masana kimiyya zasu iya bin diddigin yawan su kuma su kiyaye sosai game da kamun kifi ba bisa doka ba Bugu da kari, gwamnati ta fara sarrafa sare bishiyoyi domin kiyaye matsugunan wadannan kwari.
Relict lumberjack yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan barbel, shine babba kuma kyakkyawa mai wakiltar ƙwaro. Manyan sifofi, fitaccen bayyani, dogon gashin baki - duk wannan yana sanya wannan ƙwarin ya zama na musamman a cikin irin sa. Wannan baya nufin gaskiyar cewa ita kanta an san ta a matsayin "burbushin halittu" mai rai. Abin takaici, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yawan wadannan beetles sun ragu sosai. Duk wannan yana buƙatar mutane su ɗauki matakai masu tasiri da wuri-wuri don kare masu yanke katako a cikin mazauninsu na asali.
Ranar bugawa: 04/26/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 22:58
