Guraren fure - kyakkyawa da cute rodent Kurayerai sun zama gama gari a duk duniya, yana da daɗin kallon su. A wuraren shakatawa na gari, sukan kusanci mutum kuma suna karɓar magani daga hannunsu, musamman suna son goro. Binciken protein yana inganta shakatawa da sauƙin damuwa a cikin mutane na zamani.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Grey kurege
Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Caroline launin toka (Sciurus carolinensis) ta zo gare mu a Turai daga Arewacin Amurka. An fara gabatar da waɗannan mahaɗan zuwa Tsibirin Birtaniyya a tsakiyar karni na 19. A hankali, wannan nau'in ya bazu zuwa duk Turai da Rasha, ana samunsu a cikin dazuzzuka, wuraren shakatawa, shuka, a cikin taiga ta Rasha da yankuna-steppe.
Ana kiran kakannin squirrel mai launin toka Iscbyromyides, wanda daga baya ya zama Sciurides, kuma ya zauna a Arewacin Amurka sama da shekaru miliyan 40 da suka gabata. Daga cikin wannan jinsin ne aka samu beraye na zamani, kureran ƙasa, Ba'amurke, Jafananci masu tashi sama da karnukan daji. Nau'in zamani "Common squirrel" Sciurus vulgaris bai wuce shekara miliyan 3 ba.
Bidiyo: Grey squirrel
A matsayinsu na dabbobin gida, an horar da squirrels tun zamanin tsohuwar Rome. A cikin tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi na Indiya da Jamus, kurege yana da wuri na musamman. Misali, a cikin allahn Jamusanci Donar ya ɗauki squirrel a matsayin dabba mai tsarki, godiya ga gashin gashi mai cin wuta. Kuma a cikin tatsuniyoyin Indiya, ungulu tana da ikon malale dukan teku da jelarsa.
Sunan "squirrel" a cikin fassarar daga Hellenanci yana nufin "inuwa, wutsiya", wanda ya dace sosai da wannan dabba mai saurin haske da saurin motsi kamar walƙiya, yana barin inuwa kawai saboda jelar mai sheki. A cikin Latin, squirrel mai launin toka yana kama da Gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). A cikin rubutun Rasha na da, ana kiran sunadarin "veksha".
Rashin saurin masu farauta wanda zai farautar su kamar Arewacin Amurka. Yanayin da ke cikin Turai ya fi sauƙi, lokacin sanyi ya fi dumi, saboda haka dabbobin suna haɓaka haifuwa da mamaye sabbin yankuna. Ana iya samun squir na Gabas (launin toka) a kowace nahiya ban da Ostiraliya da ƙasashe masu yanayi na Bahar Rum.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabbar fatar dabbar daji
Kurangar launin toka tana da tsayi da tsoka mai jiki, gajerun kafafu masu doguwar farce, kuma babu tassels a saman kunnuwan, sabanin jan kunnen. Legsafafun baya suna da yatsu biyar, kuma na gaban suna da huɗu kawai, wanda ke taimaka masa tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe da sauri. Dogayen fika suna ba ta damar riƙewa sosai kuma ba za ta faɗo daga babban doguwar itacen ba.
Nauyin balagagge ya kai 1000 g, tsawon jiki 32 cm, sun fi girma kuma sun fi zuriyarsu zafin rai - jan squirrels. A halin yanzu, sun kusan fatattakarsu daga mazauninsu na asali. Launin daga ash ne mai haske zuwa launin toka mai duhu, kuma cikin ciki fari ne, a kan ƙafafuwan akwai launin zinariya da ja. A waje, ba zai yuwu a banbance namiji da mace ba, dabbobin suna kamanceceniya da juna.
Gaskiya mai nishadi: Doguwar jela tana da tsawon 2/3 na tsayin jikinta kuma yana taimaka mata tsalle mai nisa. Wutsiya kariya ce daga sanyi, zafi kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaito. Tsalle mai tsawon mita shida kwata-kwata ba shi ne iyakan karfin iyakoki na launin toka-toka ba. A cikin hunturu da lokacin rani, squirrel ta zubar da gashin gashi.
Shirya don lokacin hunturu, furotin yana cin abinci da yawa, yana tara kitse, ya danganta da yanayi, fur ɗin ya zama mai kauri da dumi. Matsakaicin lokacin kunkuru ya kai kimanin shekaru biyar, wasu mutane suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyu, amma a cikin fursuna kawai. A yankunan arewacin, inda yanayin ya fi tsanani, yan iska suna rayuwa ƙasa da ƙasa, mutane da yawa suna mutuwa saboda sanyi da cuta.
Suruka mai ruwan toka mai aiki sosai, koyaushe tana motsawa don neman abinci. Tana da manyan idanu masu fadi-fadi, saboda wurin da suke kan bakin, dabbar tana da fa'idar kallo, don haka tana ganin haɗarin sosai. Saboda kyawawan gashinta, kurege ya zama abun farauta da kamun kifi. Appreciaramar dabbobin samari ana yabawa musamman.
A ina ne launin fure mai launin toka yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: squirrel launin toka
A matsayin mazauni, squirrel ya fi son zama a cikin gauraye ko gandun daji masu rarrafe, zai fi dacewa da babban yanki. Kura daya zata iya rufe fili har zuwa hekta 4. Yana jin mafi kyau a cikin yanayin yanayi mai yanayi. Ba za a iya samun su a cikin shimfida wurare da hamada ba, suna guje wa buɗaɗɗun wurare.
A saman duniya, kurege yana jin damuwa, sabili da haka, a wata ƙaramar rikici, sai ya gudu zuwa bishiyoyi. A matsayin gida, squirre mai launin toka yana zaɓar rami ko tsuntsun da aka yasar da shi. Idan babu wurin da ya dace, zai iya gina buɗaɗɗen gida, a cikin cokali mai yatsu a cikin rassa. A cikin lambuna ko wuraren shakatawa, tana iya zama a cikin gidan tsuntsaye.
A lokutan zafi na rana, ya gwammace ya kwana a gida mai sanyi, kuma da sanyin safiya da yamma suna samun abinci. Guraren launin toka suna gujewa hasken rana kai tsaye da danshi. Wannan dabba ce ta diurnal, tana aiki ne kawai a lokutan hasken rana. Yawancin yan iska suna zama kusa da mutanen da galibi suke ciyar dasu a cikin masu ciyarwa na musamman.
Menene kunkuru mai launin toka yake ci?
Hotuna: rayan fure a Rasha
Guraren launin toka na komai ne, kamar yawancin rodents.
Babban abincin su:
kwayoyi;
iri-iri iri-iri;
'ya'yan itace;
harbe-harben bishiyoyi;
tsaba
kwari;
itacen girki;
gyada.
A lokacin daddawa, bukatarsu ta sunadarai na ƙaruwa, don haka za su iya cin kwado, ƙwai ko kuma ɗan samari. Idan yunwa ta faru, kurege ya zama kwaro: yana cin baƙi da harbewar ƙananan bishiyoyi, yana ba da gudummawa ga mutuwarsu. Idan akwai filaye tare da alkama, masara a kusa, ana tona kwararan fitila daga ƙasa. Ko da gadaje na furanni ana fuskantar barazana, masu kudawa na iya yin biki a kan furanni idan ƙamshin turaren almiski ya ja hankalinsu.
Don lokacin hunturu, squirrel mai launin toka yana sanya ajiyar lokacin hunturu. Rayuwar furotin a lokacin sanyi ya dogara da lambarsu. Suna ɓoye ajiyar su a tsakanin rassan, suna binne su kusa da asalin bishiyoyi, suna ɓoyewa cikin rami na bishiyoyi. Waɗannan su ne kowane irin berries, busassun namomin kaza, tsaba, cones. Idan wani ya sami ma'ajiyarta a baya, mai kurege bazai yuwuwa cikin mummunan hunturu ba.
Squirrels suna da kyakkyawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don ɓoye, amma wani lokacin basa dawowa don su kuma don haka suna ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar tsaba. Wannan shine yadda dukkanin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi suka bayyana, godiya ga mantawar kurege. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori na furotin sun bambanta dangane da yanayi: a lokacin hunturu tana cin kusan gram 80 na abinci kowace rana, kuma har zuwa gram 40 a bazara.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Grey American squirrel
Cikakken launin toka yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai kyau, yana mai da hankali da hankali, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafi saurin saurin ƙwayoyi na beraye. Koyaya, sau da yawa, tana manta ma'ajiyar kayanta tare da kayan masarufi, wanda wasu beraye suke samu kuma suna cinsu da jin daɗi. A wuraren shakatawa, 'yan iska da yawa suna karɓar abinci daga hannun mutane, amma samari ne kawai ke da cikakken iko.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ya kamata ku yi hankali lokacin da kuke hulɗa da sunadarai masu launin toka, sune masu ɗauke da ƙananan cuta, wanda ke da haɗari ga mutane. Sunadaran kansu basu da saukin kamuwa da shi. Idan squirrel yana cikin haɗari, zai iya cizon abokin hamayya da zafi, ta amfani da hakora masu kaifi da kuma yin ƙwanƙwasa da fika.
Kuturu tana da hakora masu ƙarfi da lafiya. Abubuwan da ke ciki sun kasance suna ƙaruwa duk rayuwarta, don haka masana ke tantance shekarunta da haƙoranta. Tana gnaws da karfi da kwasfa na kwayoyi tare da incisors. Molar suna nan a bayan bakin. Idan hakorin kurege ya karye ya tafi, sabo zaiyi girma a madadinsa. Wannan shine babban banbancin sa daga yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Suruka mai launin toka bai san yadda ake tara manyan ɗimbin makamashi ba, baya shiga cikin bacci, saboda haka dole ne ya karɓi abinci sau da yawa kowace rana. Wannan shi ne rauni da rauni, saboda yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa na iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci ba. Game da tsananin yunwa, furotin na iya cin ƙasusuwan ƙananan matattun dabbobi.
Gurasar launin toka mai ban tsoro. Ba ta da saurin tashin hankali ga maƙwabta, amma tana ƙoƙarin guje wa masu lalata. Fusata ga dangi ana bayyana ne kawai a lokacin rutting. Yana sadarwa tare da danginsa, yin gajeren sautunan ban dariya, kuma tare da taimakon jelarsa, squirrel ɗin yana nuna rashin jin daɗi ko tsokanar sa. Yanayin rayuwarta yana aiki, duk lokacin hutu tana tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe.
Idan akwai matsala haɗari da ƙarfi yana tafawa, yana sanar da duk gundumar game da shi. Yana ƙoƙari ya guji yankuna masu dausayi, damshi, dabba ce mai kunya da taka tsantsan, tana tsoron tsawa, amo kwatsam. Tsuntsu mai launin toka, sabanin mai ja, sam baya jin tsoron ruwa, yana iyo sosai idan akwai buƙata ko haɗari ga rayuwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Grey squirrel dabba
Squwayar mai launin toka tana haihuwar matasa sau biyu zuwa uku a shekara. Mace takan balaga a jima i a shekarar rayuwarta. Zafi fara da bazara mai dumi. Maza suna fara saduwa da macen cikin nutsuwa, suna bin ta da wasa na tsawan kwanaki. A lokacin rutsi, maza 3-4 sun fara yin soyayya da mace. Maza suna jan hankali ta hanyar latsa ƙafafunsu da kuma yin kara da ƙarfi.
Bayan faɗa da yawa, mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi girma shine saura, wanda ya zama mahaifin ɗiyanta. Bayan saduwa, namiji yana yin alamu a kan yankin, kuma mace zata fara gina nests da yawa lokaci guda. A cikin su, tana kwanciya shimfiɗar laushin laushin laushi, mai yin gida mai aminci da jin daɗi.
Tushen gida an yi shi ne da yumɓu da laka don ƙarfinsa gaba ɗaya. Gida na da babbar hanyar fita da gaggawa don idan akwai hatsari zaka iya barin cikin gida cikin sauki kuma da sauri. Ciki mai launin toka mai launin toka ya kai kwanaki 38. Ana haihuwar iraurai makafi, baƙi kuma ba su da ƙarfi, mahaifiya koyaushe tana kusa da su kuma tana shayar da madararta kowane bayan awa 3-4.
Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar squirrels uku zuwa goma, amma individualsan mutane kalilan ne ke tsira daga cin abincin. Idanunsu suna buɗewa a cikin makonni 2-3 daga haihuwa. Yawancinsu suna mutuwa saboda son sani, kawai suna fadowa daga cikin gida, suna faɗuwa ga masu cin nama.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Suruƙar launin toka uwa ce mai kulawa. Idan fleas ko wasu kwayoyin parasites sun girma a cikin gida, yana canza zuriya zuwa wani gida.
Iran iska sun zama masu cin gashin kansu bayan mako na tara, sun bar gida kuma sun fara samun abincinsu da kansu. A lokaci guda, har yanzu suna zaune a cikin gida tare da mahaifiyarsu na ɗan lokaci.
Abokan gaba na squirrels masu launin toka
Hotuna: entan farar launin toka
Wannan nau'in har yanzu bashi da makiya da yawa, wanda ke bayanin saurin sasantawar Turai, kamar sauran rodents. An sami ceto ta hanzarin motsi, jin ji da kuma kyakkyawar amsawa. Kuna iya kama squirrel kawai a ƙasa, inda yake ɓata lokaci kaɗan. Mafi yawanci, yakan zama wanda ake azabtar da karnuka da kerkeci, waɗanda ke haƙuri da kallon abincinsu. A kan bishiyoyi, martens, kuliyoyin daji da lynx suna farautar sa.
A cikin filin buɗaɗɗen wuri, abu ne mai sauƙi ga tsuntsaye na ganima: mikiya, falcon da kite. Crowananan squirrels ana iya jan su daga gida ta hankaka ko kyanwa na gida na yau da kullun. A cikin tsararraki, squirrel mai launin toka ta kirkiro dabarun rayuwa. Misali, yayin da suke gudu sama da kasa kuma a karkace, yana da matukar wahala tsuntsaye masu ganima su kama abincinsu. Kuma amfani da siraran sirara don motsi, squirrel mai launin toka zai iya gudu daga marten.
Abokan gaba na furotin (Caroline) furotin a Amurka sune:
- gwanon ciki
- fox masu launin toka;
- kerkeci matasa;
- mikiya;
- gaggafa ta zinariya;
- mujiya;
- Amurkan Amurka;
- piranhas;
- puma;
- goshawks.
Kamar yadda kake gani daga jerin, fiye da rabin wadannan maharan ba su cikin Turai, wanda nan da nan ya shafi yawan kuraye. A sauƙaƙe tana iya ficewa daga mai neman a cikin tsallakowa daga dogon nesa. Dabba mai lafiya da ƙarfi yana da wuya ya shiga haƙoran mai farauta. Galibi waɗannan ba su da lafiya, sun raunana ko sunadarai na ƙuruciya. Squirrels suna gasa tare da munan nikoki, ɓeraye, da zomo don albarkatu da abinci. Amma kusa da mutane, ungulu ba ta da abokan gaba, masu farauta yawanci suna tsoron mutane, ban da kuliyoyi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Grey kurege
A halin yanzu, squirrel mai launin toka ba kariya ce ko haɗari ba. Akasin haka, wannan nau'in yana yaduwa a duk duniya, yana raba wasu nau'in sunadaran. A wasu ƙasashe, sun zama babban bala'i, lalata bishiyoyi da lalata lambuna. Yawan kurege zai iya raguwa ne kawai idan an sare dazuzzuka. Yawan squirls na iya raguwa tare da gazawar amfanin gona, wuta ko bala'in yanayi.
A Burtaniya, an wargaza kazamai masu launin toka kuma doka tana ƙarfafa su, ta amfani da aikin haya na baƙi. A lokaci guda, gwamnati na ƙoƙari don adana ɓarna na ginger, waɗanda kusan sun ɓace a Scotland, Ingila da Ireland. Ba kamar ja-in-ja ba, masu launin toka suna lalata furanni, suna satar ƙwai a gidajen kaji, juyawa da fasa tukwanen filawar da ke kusa da gidan.
Yanzu sunadaran sunada karfi a wuraren kulawa don kiyaye gida. An ɗan huta da ƙaramar squir ɗin a cikin bauta, ya saba da masu shi. A cikin kamuwa, squirrels suna hayayyafa da kyau kuma suna dacewa da sabuwar rayuwa cikin sauƙi. Ana farautar ƙuruciya mai ruwan toka saboda kyawawan gashinta da jelarta mai ƙyalli. A wasu ƙasashe, ana ɗaukar naman zoge a matsayin abinci mai daɗi kuma ana ci.
Guraren fure yana haifar da mafi kyawun motsin rai yayin sadarwa tare da su. Yara da manya suna kaunarta, duk da wasu barazanar yaduwar cutar sankarau da kuma halakarta a kusa. Kututtukan dabba ce mai tsabta kuma ba ta zama a cikin birane da yankunan da ke da karancin lamuran ɗabi'a. Ina son kada a sanya wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Ja kuma koyaushe yana faranta wa ido rai a wuraren shakatawa da gandun daji.
Ranar bugawa: 21.04.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 22:22
