Coyote

Coyote - wannan kerkeci ne na makiyaya, wannan mai farautar baya daukar juriya da juriya, a sauƙaƙe ya ​​dace da yanayi daban-daban, saboda ba shi da ma'ana sosai. Aztec sun kira shi coyotl ("kare na allah"), a cikin tatsuniyoyinsu yana aikatawa azaman allahntaka tare da wayo, yaudara, ɓarna da wayo. Amma, shin coyote da gaske yana da wayo da taurin kai kamar yadda suke faɗa? Zamu fahimci wannan dalla-dalla, bayan munyi la’akari da manyan abubuwansa, halaye da halaye.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: Coyote

Coyote mai farauta ne mai alaƙa kai tsaye da dangin canine. Fassara daga Latin, sunan wannan dabba yana nufin "kare mai haushi". Ba a kira coyote ba kawai kare ba, har ma da kerkeci, kawai makiyaya, kodayake coyote ya fi ƙanƙanci girma fiye da na kerkolfci. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai mita daya, ban da wutsiya, wanda ya kai tsayin cm 30. Tsayin coyote a bushe rabin mita ne, kuma yawansa ya bambanta daga 7 zuwa 21 kilogiram. Kerkeci ya fi girma da girma da katako, nauyinsa daga 32 zuwa kilogram 60.

Bidiyo: Coyote

Akwai raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da yawa, yanzu suna da goma sha tara daga cikinsu. Nau'in ya bambanta kadan a cikin girma da launi na gashin gashin. Ya dogara da mazaunin dindindin na wani ko wasu ƙananan raƙuman ruwa. A waje, coyote yayi kama da kerkeci kawai, yana kama da dodo da kare na yau da kullun. Coyotes sun fito a matsayin jinsinsu daban a ƙarshen Pliocene (sama da shekaru miliyan biyu da suka gabata).

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: coyotes na iya haɗuwa tare da karnuka da kerkeci (ja da toka), don haka ƙirƙirar matasan. Haɗin karen / karen da aka sani yana da yanayi mai saurin farauta, yana afkawa dabbobi sau da yawa fiye da na yau da kullun.

Mazaunin dindindin na coyote yana ci gaba da fadada a hankali, wannan aikin ya fara ne a karni na sha tara, lokacin da adadin kyarketai masu launin ja da launin toka suka ragu sosai saboda halakar mutane. Coyote ya zo don maye gurbin kerkeci a cikin ƙasarsu, yana yaduwa ko'ina cikin yankin Arewacin Amurka.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hotuna: Dabbar dabbar dabba

Gashin maciji ya zama siriri kuma siriri, mai farauta yana da dogaye amma ƙafafuwa da ƙarfi. Wutsiyar dabba mai tauri ce kuma doguwa, koyaushe ana karkata ta zuwa ƙasa. Mulos din coyote yana da ɗan tsayi kuma mai faɗi, wanda ya sa ya zama kamar fox.

Kunnuwa manya ne, masu kusurwa uku kuma suna da fadi, suna tsaye a koyaushe, don haka ana iya ganin su daga nesa. Idanun mai farautar ƙanana ne kuma masu neman sani, suna da launin ruwan kasa ko kuma na amber, kuma ƙashin hanci mai kaifi baƙi ne, wanda ke kusa da shi akwai wasu shuke-shuke masu wuya (vibrissae).

Masu farauta suna da layin gashi mai kauri da doguwa, launinsa ya bambanta dangane da wurin tura su dindindin, yana iya zama:

• Toka;
• Ja-ja;
• Fari;
• Kawa;
• Launi mai duhu

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: coyotes da ke zaune a yankunan tsaunuka suna da launi mai duhu na fur, kuma dabbobin da suka zaɓi yankunan hamada ana bambanta su da launin ruwan kasa mai haske.

Cikin ciki na kunun gyada da na cikin wuya a koyaushe haske ne, kuma ƙarshen jelar baƙi ne. Manya kunnuwa daga sama suna da alamar wani launin ja, ana iya gano wannan inuwar a kan dogon rufin mahautar. Ya kamata a san cewa launi na dabba ba abu ɗaya bane, kuma koyaushe akwai launuka masu haske na launuka masu launin toka mai duhu da baƙar fata akan rigar.

Kada ka yi mamakin cewa coyote yana kama da kerk wci da ɗan kare a lokaci ɗaya, saboda na dangin canine ne da na kerkeci. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran masu farauta da yawa, kwalliyar mace ta fi ta maza ƙanƙan.

Ina coyote ke rayuwa?

Hotuna: Wild Coyote

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, yawan keɓaɓɓen coyotes yanzu yana da yawa ƙwarai, kodayake wannan mai farautar ba ta da yawa kamar da. Yanzu kwalliya suna zaune ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya, iyakarta daga Alaska zuwa Costa Rica. Kasa da shekara ɗari da suka wuce, coyote yana da mazauni na dindindin a kan filayen, yankunan da ke zaune daga Mississippi zuwa tsaunin tsaunin Sierra Nevada, da kuma daga lardin Alberta na Kanada zuwa jihar Mexico. Ba a san wannan dabbar a kudu da gabashin Amurka ba.

Yanzu halin da ake ciki ya canza sosai, wannan ya faru ne saboda dalilai da yawa:

• Sakamakon yawan sare dazuzzuka;
• Halakar ɗan adam da kyarketai masu kifi, waɗanda sune manyan masu fafatawa da zinare.

Duk wannan ya ba da damar zinare ya bazu zuwa waɗancan yankuna inda ba a taɓa ganin wannan dabbar ba a baya. An san cewa a lokacin "saurin zinare" maharan sun bi masu neman karfe mai daraja kuma ta haka ne suka zo yankin Alaska da Kanada, inda suke zaune lafiya har zuwa yau. A cikin jihohin Amurka kamar Florida da Georgia, mutane da kansu sun kawo waɗannan dabbobin a matsayin wasa. A halin yanzu, kyankyasai suna rayuwa a duk jihohin Amurka, ban da guda ɗaya, waɗannan masu farautar basa cikin Hawaii.

Dabbar ta fi son fili, da ke zaune a filaye, da makiyaya, da hamada da kuma hamadar hamada, ba don komai ba aka kira ta da "kyarkeken kerkeci". Lokaci-lokaci, coyotes na iya shiga cikin dazuzzuka, amma ba na dogon lokaci ba; coyotes kuma suna rayuwa a cikin tundra. Waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki ana iya kiransu janar janar, saboda sauƙaƙa suna saba da kowane yanayi. Coyotes na iya rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu nisa da kewayen birni da wajen manyan biranen birni (alal misali, Los Angeles).

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: coyotes suna da ikon daidaitawa da sauri zuwa kowane wuri mai faɗin ɗan adam, kuma a cikin yankunan tsaunukan tsaunuka ana iya samun su a tsawan 2 - 3 km.

Menene cin zakaru?

Hotuna: Arewa Coyote

Ana iya kiran Coyotes mai cike da komai, tsarin abincinsu ya ƙunshi duka na dabbobi da na tsire-tsire. Tabbas, yawan abincin asalin dabbobi a cikin abincin ya ninka ninkin ba ninkiya. Waɗannan maƙarƙancin ba su da dawwama a cikin abinci. Coyotes suna cin kowane irin ƙananan beraye, zomaye, marmot, karnukan daji, ɓarna, kuma suna iya kai hari ga dabbar dabba, possum, beaver, ferret, raccoon. Kerkeci ba ya jinkirta cin kwari iri-iri, yana cin abinci a kan tsuntsaye.

Ba a yawan farautar Coyote don shanu, barewar daji da dabbobin daji, amma tumakin gida sukan zama masu fama da wannan mai cutar. A Amurka, ana ci gaba da kididdiga, a inda aka bayyana cewa kimanin kashi sittin cikin dari na duk tumakin da aka hallakarwa ne masu cin gashin kai. Ban da na gida, tumakin daji na daji suma suna cikin menu na coyote. Mai farauta ba zai ƙi macizai da kunkuru ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: coyote kyakkyawa ne mai ninkaya wanda, kasancewar yana cikin ruwa, zai iya kamo irin waɗannan mazaunan kamar sababbi, kifi iri-iri da kwadi.

Galibi a lokutan bazara da na kaka, abincin shuke-shuke suma suna bayyana a cikin abincin coyote:

• 'Ya'yan itacen daban-daban;
• Berry;
• 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
• Kayan Gyada;
• Sunflower tsaba.

Coyotes da ke zaune a yankunan arewa galibi suna cin mushe a lokacin mawuyacin lokacin hunturu. Sau da yawa suna bin garken garken dabbobi, suna neman marasa lafiya da raunana mutane a ciki, kuma suna cin wanda ya faɗi. Yanayin kai hare-hare da coyotes kan mutane ba safai ake samunsu ba, kodayake sun faru, har ma an kai hare-hare biyu wanda mutum ya mutu. Coyotes ba sa jin tsoron manyan biranen kuma a lokacin yunwa galibi suna ziyartar wuraren zubar da shara, suna ruruta sharar abincin mutane.

Idan farmaki akan mutum shine, mai yiwuwa, banda ga dokar, to coyote yana cin dabbobin gida kamar kuliyoyi da ƙananan karnuka da farin ciki mai yawa. Gabaɗaya, kamar yadda kuke gani, menu na kerkolfci na menu yana da wadatar gaske kuma ya bambanta, ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na kowane ɗanɗano. Ya kamata a lura cewa babban mai fafatawa da mai cin nama dangane da abinci shine jan foda.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hotuna: Amurka Coyote

Har zuwa kwanan nan, ana ɗaukan zakaru a matsayin wanda ba shi da shi, amma binciken da masana kimiyya suka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ba haka batun yake ba. A dabi'unsu, waɗannan dabbobin suna auren mace ɗaya, masu kyan gani suna zama ma'aurata masu ƙarfi. A wuraren da abinci ya wadata, dabbobi galibi suna rayuwa cikin garken tumaki, waɗanda galibi sun haɗa da iyaye da ƙuruciyarsu daga ƙauyen ƙarshe. Ruwan coyotes suna daɗaɗa koda akwai ƙananan dabbobi a mazauninsu, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a farautar manyan dabbobi su kaɗai, saboda haka masu farautar suka haɗu don kama babban wasa.

Kyankyasai yawanci yakan tafi farauta da yamma. Dabbobin farautar ƙananan beraye da sauran ƙananan rayayyun halittu su kaɗai. Na farko, coyote yana neman abin da zai farauta, kuma idan ya gan shi, sai ya tunkareshi sosai, sa'annan ya yi sauri a cikin tsalle ɗaya, ya danna ganimar zuwa ƙasa kuma yana cizon maƙogwaronsa da ɗan karensa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa gani, ƙanshi da jin ƙwarin coyotes suna da kyau ƙwarai, wanda ke taimaka musu sosai lokacin farauta. Wadannan mafarautan suma manyan masu gudu ne, suna iya gudu zuwa kilomita 64 a awa daya. Don farautar manyan dabbobi, kyankyasai sukan kafa ƙungiyoyi don kewayawa da fitar da abincinsu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: don neman hadin gwiwa mai inganci, kwarkwata sun shiga cikin hadin gwiwa tare da badgers, a fili suna rarraba ayyukansu na farauta a tsakanin su. Bayan sun sami rami, badger ya fara tono shi, yana fatattakar mazaunansa, kuma coyote yana lura da kyau don kada ya rasa kowa. Fa'ida a cikin irin wannan ƙungiyar baƙon abu ita ce, badger, yayin da yake haƙa ramuka, ya kasance a ƙarƙashin kariyar kerkeci, ya sami ganimar da ya gudanar ya kama daidai cikin ramin, kuma coyote cikin dabara ya kama waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin tserewa.

Sadarwa tsakanin kayan kwalliya na faruwa ta amfani da sautuka iri-iri, kowane ɗayan ma'anar sa. Lokacin da suke bayani game da wurin su, dabbobi suna fitar da tsawa mai tsawa. Murya kamar karyar kare tana ba da sanarwar barazana. Ana furta wani farin farin ciki alamar gaisuwa. Wani lokaci zakara yakan yi ihu idan ya sami ganima mai girman gaske don kiran dukan garken zuwa wurin. Ana iya jin ƙarar ƙararrawa da ƙararrawa daga ƙananan ppan kwikwiyo yayin wasannin m.

Coyotes suna rayuwa, yawanci a cikin ramuka, wanda galibi ke tona kansu, duk da cewa wani lokacin suna iya zama wajan dawakai da wuraren ɓuya. Irin wannan kogon yana tsakiyar cibiyar kadarorinsu ne, wanda ma'aurata ko kuma 'yan ƙaramin garken coyotes suke rayuwa, yawanci yankin irin wannan yankin yana da kusan kilomita murabba'in 20. Sau da yawa, coyotes suna samun matsuguni na ɗan lokaci, wanda suke shiryawa a cikin manyan daji, raƙuman duwatsu da ƙananan ramuka. Suna amfani da su don hutawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko tsari daga kowace barazana.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hotuna: Dabbar Coyote

Coyotes sun balaga a cikin shekaru ɗaya, wannan ya shafi mata da maza. Amma dabbobi suna yin kusanci kusan shekaru biyu da rayuwa, shine babban rukunin zamantakewar su, kodayake sau da yawa dabbobi suna rayuwa ne a kananan garken. Lokacin saduwa ga waɗannan karnukan yana da tasiri sosai a cikin Janairu da Fabrairu. Tsawon lokacin daukar ciki kusan wata biyu ne.

Tsintsin coyotes na iya samun daga yara 4 zuwa 12, kodayake akwai iya ƙarin. Yawan ofan kwikwiyo ya dogara da yawan ƙwayoyin haƙora a cikin yankin da aka bayar. Inda akwai da yawa daga cikin waɗannan masu farautar, akwai ƙananan jariran da aka haifa kuma, akasin haka, inda adadin coyotes ya yi ƙanƙanta, akwai puan kwikwiyo da yawa a cikin dabbobi.

Yara suna haihuwar makafi. Mahaifiyar tana kula dasu da madara har tsawon wata daya da rabi. Duk iyayen biyu suna taka rawa a cikin tarbiyya kuma suna nuna matuƙar kulawa ga zuriyar. Namiji yana kare kogon daga masu ƙazamar cuta kuma ya kawo abinci ga mace, kuma ya ciyar da san tsakuwa tare da sake gyara abinci. A tsakiyar mako na biyu, thean kwikwiyo sun fara gani sosai, kuma idan sun cika wata shida suna samun 'yanci, kuma iyayensu sun fara koya musu yadda ake farauta.

Daga cikin matan da suka girma, maza suna barin iyayensu da sauri, suna mallakar danginsu da yankunansu, kuma matan da suka manyanta sun gwammace su zauna su zauna cikin garken iyayen. Haihuwar zuriya a cikin dangin coyotes na faruwa sau ɗaya a cikin shekara guda. Ya kamata a lura cewa mafi yawan adadin mace-mace tsakanin waɗannan masu cin abincin an rubuta su ne kawai a shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Kuma tsawon rayuwar zakara da ke rayuwa a cikin daji ya kai kimanin shekara biyar, kodayake a garkame wannan dabba na iya rayuwa har zuwa 18.

Abokan gaba na coyotes

Hotuna: Coyote

Oh, kuma rayuwa ba ta da sauƙi ga gyada a cikin daji, yanayin yanayi. Dabbar a koyaushe tana cikin damuwa, fada don abinci, tana buya ne daga manya da manyan dabbobi masu cutarwa, suna neman wuraren da suka dace na zama na dindindin, masu fama da kowane irin cuta da cuta. Yana da kyau cewa wannan mai farautar ba shi da ma'ana, yana da tauri sosai kuma ya san yadda zai dace da canjin yanayin muhalli.

Daga cikin makiya coyote akwai:

• Pum;
• Bears;
• Manyan karnuka;
• Volokov;
• Hawkoki;
• Mujiya;
• Orlov.

Fiye da rabin ƙananan zakara suna mutuwa kafin su kai shekara ɗaya. Dalilin haka ba wai kawai manyan mahauta ba ne, har ma da kowace irin cuta, mafi hadari daga cikinsu ita ce cutar hauka. Kar a manta cewa coyotes ba sa ƙyamar gawa, don haka haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka a cikin wannan nau'in yana da girma ƙwarai.

Har yanzu, babban maƙiyin coyote shine mutum. Daga cikin manoman Amurka, an san coyote da sunan ɗan fashi wanda ke lalata garken garken tumaki, saboda haka, a cikin Amurka, hukumomi sun halatta harbe waɗannan ɓarayin. Mutane suna sanya abin wuyan da suka yi amfani da guba a jikin tumaki, suna jagorantar farautar wasanni a kan zakanya, sanya kowane irin tarko da tarko, suna kona dukkan yankunan mazauninsu na dindindin, amma duk wadannan matakan ba sa shafar yawan dabbobi, wanda a hankali yake karuwa kowace shekara.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hotuna: Wild Coyote

Abin farin ciki, yawan kyarketai na daji basu cikin haɗari, dabbobi suna jin daɗi, suna zaune a duk sabbin yankuna. Idan don dabbobin da yawa masu farauta mazauninsu na raguwa, to ga kwarkwata halin da ake ciki gaba daya akasin haka ne, a kowace shekara yankuna na mazaunan wadannan mafarautan masu ban mamaki suna kara yawaita.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, sare dazuzzuka da kerkeci masu launin ja da launin toka sun tsokano da kwarkwata don komawa wuraren da waɗannan dabbobin ba su taɓa wanzuwa ba. Ba wai kawai sun sami damar zama da kyau a can ba, amma kuma sun karu da sauri, suna samun kwanciyar hankali. Coyotes basa rasa ƙarfi, juriya da daidaitawa. Suna ɗaya daga cikin animalsan dabbobin da suka iya daidaitawa kuma suka rayu a yankunan birane.

Mutane ba sa son kwaro kwata-kwata, saboda galibi suna kai hari garken tumaki. A sakamakon haka, ana yiwa dabbobi yawa. Misali, a Colorado, mutane suna kashe sama da kashi 80 na wadannan dabbobi, kuma a Texas - kimanin 57. A baya an kashe Coyotes ta amfani da magungunan kwari, amma sai aka hana wannan hanya, saboda cutarwa sosai ga muhalli.

Duk hanyoyin mutane na fatattakar wadannan dabbobin sun kasance ba su da wani tasiri, kuma yawan kuzarin da ke ci gaba da bunkasa har zuwa yau. Amma a yankin Yankin Kasa na Yellowstone, sun sami ingantacciyar hanya don rage adadin coyotes ta wurin kerkeci masu kiwo, sakamakon haka a cikin shekaru biyu adadin coyotes ya ragu da rabi. Duk da wannan, yawan waɗannan dabbobin suna da yawa kuma suna yaɗuwa; babu wata barazanar ta musamman ga lambobinta da aka lura.

A ƙarshe, ya rage a ƙara cewa rashin kyawun coyote da juriya ya dogara ne da ƙarfinta mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, wanda ya ba shi damar ci gaba da rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayin yanayi, amma kuma ya hayayyafa da kyau, yana zaune cikin manyan fadada na Arewacin Amurka. Duk da cewa gwanon ciki yakan afkawa tunkiyar gida, hakanan yana fa'ida, yana lalata irin wannan berayen - kwari kamar beraye da ɓeraye.

Ranar bugawa: 10.04.2019

Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 16:16