Daga cikin adadi mai yawa na tsuntsayen da ke zaune a duniyar tamu, ba zai yuwu a yi watsi da ɗan sarauta na gaske ba - tsuntsu mai ban al'ajabi da ban mamaki. flamingo... Da zaran mun ambaci wannan sunan, wani hoto mai haske ya bayyana a gaban idanunmu, wata alama ce ta alheri da alheri. Amma babban abin da muka sani game da waɗannan halittu shine launi na musamman na labulen su. A cikin manya, yana canzawa dangane da nau'in - daga kodadde ruwan hoda zuwa kusan mulufi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Flamingo
Tarihin asalin wadannan wakilan dabbobi na duniya sun fi shekaru miliyan 30 da haihuwa. Homelandasar da magabatan flamingos na zamani ana ɗaukarsu yankuna ne masu yanayin dumi, har ma da ɗumi-ɗumi - Asiya da Afirka. Koyaya, labarin ƙasa da burbushinsu ya kuma mamaye yankuna Kudu da Arewacin Amurka da Turai.
Saboda kyawawan dabi'unsu, alheri da launi mai ban mamaki, mutane da yawa suna da sha'awar flamingos, sun zama jarumai na almara kuma an basu kyawawan halaye na ban mamaki. Tsoffin Masarawa suna girmama waɗannan tsuntsayen azaman tsuntsaye masu alfarma, suna yi musu sujada, suna kawo kyaututtuka kuma suna mafarkin cikar sha’awa, suna masu imani da ikonsu na banmamaki. Kuma, ta hanyar, an dauke su "tsuntsayen wayewar gari", kuma ba gaba ɗaya "faɗuwar rana" ba, kamar yadda ake raira waƙa a cikin sanannen waƙar.
Bidiyo: Flamingo
Sunan "flamingo" ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin "flamma", wanda ke nufin "wuta". Wannan jituwa ya ba mutane damar yin imani da cewa almara, wanda aka sake haifuwa daga toka, ya sami ainihin kamanninsa a cikin wakilin alfahari na dangin fukai da zafin "wuta".
Koyaya, a zahiri, komai yana da kyau sosai. A cikin bayyanar, flamingos suna kama da wakilan ƙafafun kafa - cranes ko heron, amma ba su da alaƙa da su a hukumance.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: dangi mafi kusa da flamingos sune geese.
Ee daidai. 'Yan wasan namun daji sun tsara flamingos a cikin jerin amsoshin har sai kwararru sun ba su tawaga ta musamman don su - flamingos.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Flamingo tsuntsu
Bayyanar kowane wakilin duniyar dabbobi ya ƙaddara, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ta hanyar keɓaɓɓun salon rayuwa da wurin zama. Flamingos ba banda bane.
Yanayi ya baiwa wadannan tsuntsayen dukkan abubuwan da suke buƙata don rayuwa mai kyau a cikin yanayin da aka saba dasu:
- Dogayen ƙafafu masu ƙarfi don kewaya ruwa mara zurfi;
- Dogon wuya don sauƙin binciken abinci;
- Wsafafun Webbed don kar su makale a cikin ƙasa mai laka daga cikin ruwa;
- Akarfin baka mai ƙarfi mai lanƙwasa tare da gefen gefen bakin don huɗa abinci;
- Fuka-fukai don yin jirage zuwa yankuna masu dumi da wuraren abinci.
Flamingo mazaunin dausayi ne. Yana da nauyin nauyin 3.5-4.5, amma akwai manya da ƙanana. Girma - kimanin cm 90-120. Jikin yana zagaye, yana ƙare da gajeren jela. Tana dauke da taken da yafi cancanta na mafi tsayi da wuyan tsuntsu a doron kasa (dangane da girman jiki).
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: yawan wuyan flamingo galibi ana lankwasa shi, amma idan aka miƙa shi a madaidaiciya, zai yi daidai da tsawon ƙafafu.
Flamingo yana da ƙananan fikafukai. Don tashi sama, dole ne ya yi dogon tashi, kuma jikinsa yana ta gudu, sau da yawa kuma yakan fuka fuka-fukansa sosai. A cikin gudu, tsuntsun ba ya lankwasa wuya da kafafuwa, sai dai ya shimfida shi a layi daya. Kudaje cikin sauri, sannu a hankali da kyau.
Lumbin flamingos fari ne, ruwan hoda ko mulufi. Abin sha'awa, duk membobin wannan nau'in an haife su farare. Yawan launi na gashin gashin fuka-fukin ya dogara da abincin, wato, akan adadin carotene da ke cikin abincin da aka cinye. Thearin yadda yake, a hankali jikin flamingo yana haifar da launin astaxanthin, kuma launinsa yana ƙara haske.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: ba kamar yawancin wakilan gashin tsuntsaye na fauna ba, mata da maza na flamingos suna da launi iri ɗaya.
Achungiyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan flamingos masu zuwa:
- Pink (na kowa);
- Ja (Caribbean);
- Flamingo James;
- Chilean;
- Andean;
- .Arami.
Babban wakilin jinsin shine ruwan hoda (gama gari) flamingo. Nauyinsa ya fi kilogiram 4, kuma tsayinsa ya kai cm 140. Kuma ƙaramar flamingo ita ce, a bayyane, mafi ƙanƙancin tsari na flamingos. Tana da kusan rabin girman ruwan hoda (na kowa) kuma da wuya ya girma sama da 90 cm.
A ina ne flamingos suke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Pink Flamingo
Flamingos basa rayuwa su kadai. Suna haɗuwa cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda ake kira yankuna, kuma suna mamaye yankuna masu dacewa kusa da gaɓar ruwa ko lagoons. Su thermophilic ne kuma sun fi son zama a waɗancan wuraren da wadataccen abinci kuma babu buƙatar yin dogon jirgi don neman abinci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: wasu yankuna na flamingo suna da fiye da mutane dubu 100.
Babban adadin wadannan tsuntsayen har yanzu, kamar miliyoyin shekarun da suka gabata, ana lura dasu a Yankin Kudu-Gabas da Tsakiyar Asiya da Afirka. Koyaya, an zaɓi flamingos da sauran yankuna da yawa, waɗanda suka dace da rayuwa mai kyau.
Misali, gida mai ruwan hoda (na kowa) na flamingos a yankunan kudancin Spain da Faransa, a Indiya da Kazakhstan. Wannan shine nau'in jinsin da ke yin dogon jirgi, kuma a lokacin hijira zai iya karkata sosai daga hanyar, yana ƙarewa a yankunan arewacin - kusa da St.Petersburg ko kuma a tafkin Baikal.
Yayi kamanceceniya da flamingo na yau da kullun - jinsunan Chile - suna rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi da ƙauyuka na Kudancin Amurka na Andes. Kuma a kan tsibirai na yankunan da ke yankin Tekun Caribbean masu kyawu, masu haske a launi, ja (Caribbean) flamingos gida.
Mai tsayi a cikin tsaunuka, a yankin alkaline da tabkuna masu gishiri, waɗanda suke a tsawan tsawan mita dubu 4 sama da matakin teku, wutar Andean tana rayuwa. Kuma dan uwanta mai tsayi - James 'flamingo - an dauke shi a matsayin dadadden jinsin har zuwa kwanan nan, har zuwa karshen karnin da ya gabata an gano wuraren da ba su da yawa a Bolivia, a kan Lake Colorado. Yanzu ya tafi zuwa yankin tsaunukan tsaunukan Andes na Peru, Bolivia, Chile da Argentina, amma har yanzu shine mafi yawan jinsunan flamingos.
Kuma a tafkunan gishirin Afirka, zaku iya lura da yawancin yankuna na ƙaramin wakilin tsuntsaye "wuta" - ƙaramar flamingo.
Menene flamingo ke ci?
Hotuna: Kyakkyawan flamingo
Abinci abu ne mai matukar mahimmanci a rayuwar flamingo. Ba wai kawai saboda abinci yana ba da kuzarin da ake buƙata don cikakken aikin rayuwa. Babban fa'idar su ya dogara da ingancinta - hasken layin. Abincin flamingos bashi da bambanci sosai.
Mafi yawancin, ya ƙunshi mazaunan zurfin ruwa:
- Cananan ɓawon burodi;
- Ruwan teku;
- Tsutsayen kwari;
- Tsutsotsi;
- Shellfish.
Flamingo babban tsuntsu ne, wanda ke nufin cewa yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa. Akwai ƙwayoyin planktonic masu yawa a cikin tafkuna na gishiri, kawai ya rage don amfani da ƙwarewar halitta. Kamawa abinci yana faruwa ne tare da taimakon ƙaton baki mai ƙarfi. Don riƙe abinci, flamingo yana karkatar da wuyanta don saman bakin sa yana ƙasa. Tattara ruwa da rufe baki, flamingo yana tura ruwan a waje, kamar yana "tace shi" ta cikin haƙoran da ke gefen bakin, kuma abincin da ya rage a bakin ya haɗiye.
Game da tasirin tasirin abinci a kan launin flamingos, ya kamata a sani cewa launin canthaxanthin mai yawa, wanda ke ba gashinsu launin ruwan hoda, ana samunsu da yawa a cikin shuɗi-shuɗi da tsirrai masu laushi na diatom wanda tsuntsaye ke sha, wanda, bi da bi, yana buƙatar shi don kariya daga haske hasken rana. Wannan algae iri ɗaya suna ciyarwa akan ƙananan ɓawon burodi na brine shrimp, wanda kuma ya sami launi mai ruwan hoda mai haske, sannan, zuwa cin abincin rana tare da flamingos, ninka yawan launin launuka a jikinsu.
Flamingos suna da kyau sosai. A rana, kowane mutum yana cin adadin abinci, kusan daidai da rubu'in nauyinsa. Kuma tunda tsuntsayen mulkin mallaka sunada girma, za a iya kwatanta ayyukansu da ainihin tashar don sarrafawa da tsarkake ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An kiyasta cewa yawancin talakawan ruwan hoda na flamingos na iya cinye kimanin tan 145 na abinci kowace rana.
Daban-daban na flamingos suna cin abinci daban. Kusan komai ne game da tsarin baki. Misali, siffar bakin Chile ko na flamingos na yau da kullun yana baka damar kiyaye bakinka galibi manyan abubuwa, musamman kayan kwalliya. Kuma kananan flamingos din da suke zaune a Afirka suna da karamin baki tare da siririn "matattara" wanda zai iya tace koda algae mai salon guda daya.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Flamingo dabba
Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan flamingos, flamingos mai ruwan hoda (gama gari) da kuma ikon mallakar kowane jinsi na wasu jinsunan da ke rayuwa a yankunan arewacin suna ƙaura. Waɗanda ke zaune a kudu ba sa buƙatar tashi don hunturu. A cikin yanayi mai daɗi inda wuraren zama suke, akwai isasshen ɗumi da abinci.
Ana zaɓar tafkunan Flamingo galibi da ruwan gishiri. Da kyau - idan babu kifi kwata-kwata, amma kwayoyin planktonic suna da yawa.
Gishiri da tabkunan alkaline wuri ne mai tsananin tashin hankali. Bugu da kari, saboda kasancewar a cikin ruwa mai yawa na tsutsar tsuntsaye, kwayoyin cuta masu tasowa a ciki, wanda na iya haifar da nau'ikan matakai na kumburi. Amma fatar da ke kan ƙafafun flamingos tana da yawa sosai kuma tana kiyaye su daga cutarwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: flamingos suna kiyaye tsarin tsabtace jiki: lokaci zuwa lokaci suna zuwa maɓuɓɓugan ruwa don wanke gishiri da alkali daga kansu kuma suna shayar da ƙishirwa.
Flamingos sun shagaltu da aikin nemowa da cinyewa har ya zama kamar basu damu da komai ba a duniya. Ba sa nuna girman kai, suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin halayensu kuma ba sa canza halaye a duk rayuwarsu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Chick flamingo
Gida na Flamingos a cikin yankuna da aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ɗayansu yana da aiki tare sosai da lokutan kwanciya. Halin zamantakewar waɗannan tsuntsaye yana da fasali mai rikitarwa.
Lokacin jingina na flamingos yana farawa ne da na'urar zanga-zangar musayar abubuwa da yawa. Wannan na faruwa ne kimanin makonni 8-10 kafin fara nest. Flamingos suna nuna wani zalunci, suna ƙoƙari su ɗauki matsayi mafi fa'ida tsakanin danginsu yayin wasannin mating.
Lokacin da aka haɗu biyu, namiji da mace sun zama ɗaya. Suna kare juna a cikin rikici, suna aiwatar da ayyuka na yau da kullun a tare, suna kasancewa kusa da juna koyaushe har ma suna ihu a cikin duet! Mafi yawan lokuta, ma'aurata suna kula da dangantaka har tsawon shekaru, sun zama ainihin dangi.
Lokacin kwan kwan a cikin flamingos an tsawaita shi a cikin lokaci kuma zai iya wucewa daga farkon watan Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli. Mafi sau da yawa, tsuntsaye suna shirya gida gida a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, a mazaunin mazaunin su. Shell dutsen, yumbu, daɓe, laka ana amfani da ita azaman nests. Amma wasu mutane sun fi son yin gida a kan duwatsu ko sanya ƙwai kai tsaye a cikin yashi ba tare da yin baƙin ciki ba.
Yawancin lokaci a cikin kama akwai ƙwai guda 1-3 (galibi galibi 2), waɗanda mata da na miji suke sakawa. Bayan kamar wata daya, ana haihuwar kajin. An haife su da launin toka da kuma baki koda kuwa. Kajin sun fara mallakar sifofin kamannin flamingo da makonni biyu da rabi. Suna da zubi na farko, bakinta ya fara tanƙwara.
A cikin watannin farko na rayuwa, iyaye suna ciyar da jarirai. Suna samar da abin da ake kira "madarar tsuntsaye" - sirrin sirri na musamman wanda gland na musamman wadanda ke cikin esophagus suka rufeshi. Ya ƙunshi mai yawa, furotin, wasu jini da plankton.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: "madarar tsuntsaye" don ciyar da jariran flamingo da aka haifa ba mata kaɗai ke samar da su ba, har ma daga maza.
Bayan watanni 2-3, yaran flamingos da suka riga suka balaga sun sami 'yanci daga kulawar iyaye, tsayawa a kan fikafikan kuma fara samun kansu da kansu abinci.
Abokan gaba na flamingos
Hotuna: Flamingo tsuntsu
Fungiyoyin mulkin mallaka na Flamingo, da yawansu ya kai dubbai da dubun-dubatan mutane, "matattarar abinci ce" mai ban sha'awa ga yawancin masu cutar. Irin wannan tarin abubuwan farautar a wuri guda shine mabuɗin samun nasarar farauta.
Flamingos suna da abokan gaba iri ɗaya a cikin daji kamar yawancin tsuntsaye. Waɗannan sune, da farko, manyan tsuntsayen ganima - mikiya, falcons, kites - waɗanda ke farautar kaji da yara da lalata destroyaestsansu domin cin abinci akan ƙwai da aka sa. Koyaya, ma'aurata na flamingos masu kariya ne masu kyau kuma koyaushe suna aiki tare. Kari kan haka, a lokacin nest a tsakanin masarautar, taimakon juna yana da karfi musamman, lokacin da tsuntsaye ke rugawa don kare ba wai kawai nasu ba, har ma da sauran mutanen da ke tare da zuriya ta gaba.
Masu farautar ƙasa ma suna farautar flamingos. Wolves, Foxes, jackals suna da nama mai ɗanɗano, kuma tsuntsayen kansu ana ɗaukarsu cikin sauƙin ganima. Ya isa a hankali kutsawa ta cikin ƙaramin ruwa kusa da gungun wasu mutane da yawa kuma a kama tsuntsu wanda yake taɓarɓarewa kuma bai yi nasarar tashi ba. Sau da yawa, masu farauta suna zama kusa da yankuna don samun tushen abinci koyaushe.
Flamingos a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun suna da ma'anar magana, halayen fada suna tashi a cikin su ne kawai a lokacin saduwa da lokacin gida, saboda haka, duk da yawan haifuwa, mazaunan tsuntsaye suna shan babbar asara saboda lokacin farauta a buɗe a gare su.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Babban Flamingo
Koyaya, masu farautar ƙasa da masu fuka-fukai ba babbar barazana ba ce ga flamingos. A duk duniya, yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen yana raguwa, kuma dalilin waɗannan ayyukan ba gabaɗaya zaɓin yanayi ba ne, amma tasirin mutum ne mai halakarwa.
Filayen fitilar flamingos na musamman yana kawo wa mutane ba kawai jin daɗin kyan gani ba, har ma da samun kuɗaɗen samun kayan aiki na zahiri. Mafarauta suna kamawa kuma suna harbi tsuntsaye da adadi masu yawa don amfani da gashinsu don kayan ado da abubuwan tunawa.
Naman Flamingo bai yi daidai da ɗanɗanar mutum ba, amma ƙwai ana ɗaukarsa ainihin abinci mai kyau kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin gidajen abinci mafi tsada. Don nishadantar da masoya na kwarai da samun kudi da yawa akansa, mutane cikin rashin tausayi suna lalata gidajen da suke flamingos kuma suka watsar da abubuwan.
Ci gaban fasaha yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage yawan waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen. Mutum yana bincika ƙarin yankuna da yawa, yana gina masana'antun masana'antu, yana shimfiɗa manyan hanyoyi, kwata-kwata baya kulawa da cewa yana kutsawa cikin mazaunin tsuntsaye na al'ada. Flamingos an tilasta musu barin gidajensu suna neman wasu yankuna don rayuwa da kiwo. Kuma akwai wurare masu karancin wurare masu dacewa a duniyar tamu.
Gurbatar muhalli da ba makawa - iska, kasa, jikin ruwa - ba zai iya shafar rayuwar tsuntsaye ba. Suna fuskantar mummunan tasirin waɗannan abubuwan, suna rashin lafiya, suna da wadataccen abinci mai inganci kuma, sakamakon haka, suna mutuwa da yawa.
Flamingo mai gadi
Hotuna: Flamingo Red Book
Can baya a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, James flamingo an dauke shi a matsayin dadadden jinsin. Amma a cikin 1957, masana kimiyya sun gano ƙaramar yawanta a Bolivia. An haɓaka matakan kiyayewa, kuma a yau yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen sun ƙaru zuwa mutane dubu 50. Yawan jama'ar flamingos na Andean yana da kusan lamba ɗaya. Idan tsuntsayen ba su da kariya kuma ba a dauki matakan kara yawansu ba, to nan gaba kadan ana yi wa jinsin biyu barazanar bacewa.
Underarƙashin tasirin abubuwan da ba su da kyau, yawancin jinsunan da suka shahara, ruwan hoda (gama gari) flamingo, suma suna raguwa.Duk wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an haɗa tsuntsayen nan da nan cikin jerin abubuwan kiyayewa da yawa, gami da littafin Red Book na Rasha.
Flamingos sune ɗayan abubuwan ban mamaki, kyawawa da abokantaka na tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Duniya. Abokan tarayya ne masu aminci, iyaye masu kulawa da amintattu ga danginsu. Coasashen mulkin mallaka sun wanzu tun zamanin da can cikin jituwa da duniyar da ke kewaye da su kuma ba sa haifar da wata illa kaɗan ga mutane.
Idan kun mutunta hanyar rayuwarsu, ku kare mazauninsu kuma ku ba da kariya daga abubuwa masu cutarwa dangane da hakkokin masu karfi, dan adam zai sami lada ta hanyar kasancewa cikin dabi'ar daji ta duniyar wata halittar da babu kamarsa, mamallakin dutsen mai ban mamaki, "tsuntsaye na asuba" mai zafin nama da alheri. flamingo.
Ranar bugawa: 07.04.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 15:39
