Hatimin Caspian a wata hanyar kuma ana kiranta hatimin Caspian. A waje, da gaske suna kama da like. Suna da tsayayyen jiki, ƙarami, zagayayye kai da jikin fusiform. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, masana dabbobi sun ɗauka suna da kyakkyawa, mai laushi mai laushi ya kasance daga cikin dangin dangi.
A yau, waɗannan wakilai na duniyar dabbobi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu farauta waɗanda ke gab da halaka. Lamarin yana da rikitarwa ta yadda a cikin Tarayyar Rasha wannan nau'in dabbobin ba a jerin su a cikin Littafin Ja kuma an samar da kayyadaddun hatimin farautar.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: hatimin Caspian
Hatimin Caspian yana daga cikin mambobi masu shayarwa, shine wakilin umarnin dabbobi masu cin nama, dangin ainihin hatimai, waɗanda aka ware wa jinsin hatimin da nau'ikan hatimin Caspian. An sake raba nau'ikan zuwa gida biyu. Ana yin jadawalin ne gwargwadon tafkin da dabbobi suke. Jinsuna biyu suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan teku, daya a cikin ruwa mai dadi.
Alamu ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan tsoffin dabbobi a duniya. Babu wani ingantaccen bayani game da asalinsu da kuma yadda suke rayuwa. Masana ilmin namun daji sun tabbatar da cewa tsoffin kakanninsu sun wanzu a duniya a lokacin Tertiary. Koyaya, suna da ɗan bambanci daban-daban. Suna da gaɓoɓi, waɗanda a tsarin juyin halitta aka canza su kuma suka juye zuwa silifa.
Bidiyo: Caspian hatimi
Wataƙila, su ne kakannin kudu, ko hatimin, waɗanda suka rayu a cikin tafkin Sarmast-Pantenichesky, ɗayan ragowar jikinsu shine Tekun Caspian. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa tsoffin magabatan da suka fito daga asalin hatimin Caspian shine hatimin zoben. Ya wanzu a duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan biyu da suka gabata. Bayan haka, ya koma Caspian da Baikal, kuma ya haifar da sababbin nau'ikan hatimi biyu, ɗayansu shine hatimin Caspian.
Ragowar dabbobin da masu binciken suka gudanar sun gano ba a bakin teku kawai ba, har ma da kan duwatsu da tsaunuka, da kuma kan manyan kankara masu iyo, wadanda suke da yawa a cikin Tekun Kaspian. A lokacin dusar kankara mai narkewa, an gano ragowar tsoffin magabatan hatimin Caspian na zamani a gabar Volga, da kuma a yankunan kudanci na Tekun Caspian.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: hatimin Dabba na Dabba
Siffar jikin dabba mai farauta ya yi kama da sandar ƙarfe. Irin wannan jikin yana ba ka damar sauƙi da sauri motsawa cikin sararin ruwa. Tsawon jikin baligi ya bambanta daga santimita 130 zuwa 170, nauyin jikin kilogiram 40-120 ne. A cikin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, an bayyana dimorphism na jima'i kaɗan. Maza sun fi ɗan girma, launi na gashinsu ya fi duhu, bakin al'ajabi ya ɗan fi tsayi.
Hannun sarki kusan ba su da wuyan wuya, ko kuma ba a bayyana shi da kyau. Jiki kusan nan da nan ya rikide ya zama ƙaramin kai tare da kwanyar kansa kwance da kuma dogon hanci. Ana gani daga gaba, fuskar dabbar tana kama da kyanwa sosai, banda rashin kunnuwa. Ana maye gurbin hatimansu ta hanyar hanyoyin sauraro, waɗanda suke a saman gefen kai. A waje, babu inda za'a gansu.
Hannun Caspian suna da manya-manya, baƙi, zagaye, masu bayyana idanu. Baƙi, manyan idanu suna da fifiko musamman a ƙananan ƙuruciya. A kan karamin jiki, an rufe shi da haske mai haske, da alama suna da girma ƙwarai. Jarirai suna kama da mujiya. Idanun suna da tsari na musamman, wanda a dalilin idanuwan suke rufe da fim na kariya lokacin da hatimin yake a cikin ruwa. Idanu galibi ruwa ne a sarari, don haka dabbar kamar tana kuka.
A cikin hatimin Caspian, an riga an riga an inganta fitilar mai mai ƙarkataccen jiki. Wannan yana bawa hatimin damar jure tsananin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi, rashin abinci, da kuma jin daɗin cikin ruwan sanyi. Yana bawa dabbobi damar yin kwalliya a saman fuskar teku.
Fata daga hatimin Caspian yana da ƙarfi. An rufe fatar da gashi mai kauri, mara nauyi da kuma kauri sosai, wanda ke taimakawa kada jin sanyi da daskarewa a cikin ruwan sanyi. Gashi a cikin manya yana da datti fari mai datti, wanda a yankin baya ya fi duhu, kusan koren zaitun.
An tsara gabobin jiki don taimakawa motsi a cikin ruwa. Akwai membranes tsakanin yatsun kafa. Gwanayen gaban suna da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, masu tsayi. An tsara su ne don yin rami a kankara. Ta wannan hanyar, dabbobi ke fita daga ruwa zuwa kan ƙasa, ko kama iska.
A ina hatimin Caspian yake zaune?
Hoto: Seal na Tekun Caspian
Dabbobin sun sami suna daga mazauninsu. Suna rayuwa ne kawai a yankin Tekun Caspian daga Iran kanta zuwa Tekun Caspian. Kudancin gabar Tekun Caspian kusan ba shi da yawan jama'a.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Hatimin Caspian shine kawai mai shayarwa wanda ke rayuwa a cikin Tekun Caspian.
Hannun Caspian suna ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna kowane yanayi. Da farkon lokacin hunturu, duk dabbobi suna motsawa zuwa kankarar da ke arewacin yankin Tekun Caspian. Tare da ƙarshen lokacin hunturu da farkon lokacin dumi, glaciers a hankali suna raguwa kuma suna narkewa.
Sannan dabbobin suna motsawa zuwa yankin tsakiyar da kudancin bakin tekun Caspian. Akwai wadataccen adadin wadataccen abinci, wanda ke ba ku damar tara wadataccen mai mai ƙarancin fata, wanda zai taimake ku ku tsira da mummunan yanayi, wani lokacin hunturu mai yunwa.
A lokacin dumi, hatimin Caspian yakan ƙare a bakin Volga da Urals. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin dabbobi suna shawagi a kan raba, manyan kankara na kankara. Masu binciken sun lura cewa a cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna cikin ruwa a mafi yawan lokuta, kuma a lokacin dumi, akasin haka, galibi suna rayuwa ne a doron ƙasa.
Menene hatimin Caspian ke ci?
Photo: Caspian hatimin Red Book
Hatimin Caspian dabbobi ne masu cin nama. Hatimin yana samun abincinsa a cikin ruwa.
Menene zai iya zama tushen tushe don hatimin Caspian:
- Gobies;
- Sprat;
- Gorfe;
- Sandro shirokolobka;
- Ganye;
- Bocoplavas;
- Aterina.
Abubuwan da aka fi so don waɗannan dabbobin sune nau'ikan gobies. Wasu lokuta za su iya cin kifi ko ƙananan invertebrates na ruwa a cikin adadi mai yawa. Shrimp da nau'ikan nau'in ɓawon burodi ba su wuce 1-2% na yawan abincin dabbobi. A baya can, an yi amannar cewa hatimin Caspian ne waɗanda adadi mai yawa ya lalata farin fishi ta hanyar cin su. Koyaya, kamar yadda ya juya daga baya, ana iya kama kifin kawai a matsayin abinci don like.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: hatimin Caspian
Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yin yawancin rayuwarsu cikin ruwa. Consideredan sandunan Caspian ana ɗaukarsu ƙwararrun masu iyo. Jikin mai siffa da yar karamar madaidaiciya madaidaiciya yana taimaka mata yin nutse sosai kuma ta kasance a ƙarƙashin ruwa na tsawon awa ɗaya da rabi. Yayin nutsewa a karkashin ruwa, an toshe hancin hancin da hanyoyin sauraro, kuma dabbar na iya numfasawa saboda girman tarin huhu da wadatar iskar oxygen da ta taru a ciki. Sau da yawa dabbobi ma suna yin bacci a saman fuskar teku ba tare da zuwa bakin teku ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Hatimin Caspian yana da zurfin zurfin bacci, mai nutsuwa. Masu binciken sukan bayyana irin wannan lamarin wanda idan suka yi iyo a kan dabbar da ke bacci a kan ruwa, sai su juya shi fuska, kuma hatimin na ci gaba da yin bacci cikin natsuwa, ba tare da yin martani ga mutane ba.
Da farkon lokacin hunturu, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna shiga cikin ruwa kuma suna zaune kusan har zuwa bazara, lokaci-lokaci suna fita zuwa ƙasa don samun iska. Dabbobi suna da wasu wuraren da suke so su kasance a kan tudu - waɗanda ake kira rookeries. Ya kasance ga abokan cinikin su dabbobi suna zuwa da farkon lokacin kiwo.
Dabbobi sun banbanta da kyakkyawan ji da ƙamshi, gami da hangen nesa. Suna da halin rashin amana da halayen taka tsantsan. Dabbobi suna yin taka tsan-tsan a lokacin da suke kan tudu. Bayan sun lura ko kuma suna tsammanin haɗari, nan da nan sai suka nitse cikin nutsuwa cikin ruwan.
A waje, dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar dabbobi masu rikitarwa ne. Koyaya, wannan babban kuskure ne. Suna da kuzari sosai, masu saurin fahimta, kuma kusan basa gajiya. Idan ya cancanta, zasu iya haɓaka saurin sauri cikin ruwa - har zuwa 30 km / h. A cikin yanayin nutsuwa, suna ninkaya da hankali. A kan ƙasa, suna motsawa ta ƙasan goshi da wutsiya, waɗanda suke a madadin yatsunsu.
Hannun sarki sukan haifar da keɓantaccen, salon zaman kadaici. Suna cikin rukuni ne kawai yayin lokacin aure. Amma koda a wannan lokacin, suna ƙoƙari su nisanta da kuma nisantar juna.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: hatimin Caspian
Balaga na jima’i yana faruwa ne lokacin da dabbobi suka kai shekaru 6-7, kuma cikin maza yakan faru ne a baya fiye da na mata. Matan da suka manyanta suna haihuwar ɗa ko wacce shekara, ko kuma duk shekara biyu zuwa uku. 10-11% na matan da suka manyanta ba sa haihuwa bayan ƙarshen lokacin saduwa.
Lokacin saduwa don hatimi yana farawa da farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da dabbobin suka fita daga ruwa zuwa kan ƙasa. Lokacin haihuwa shine watanni 10-11. Mata suna haihuwar theira theiransu yayin kan kankara. A wannan lokacin ne sauƙin ganima ga masu cin kansu. Mace daya zata iya haihuwar jarirai daya zuwa uku. An haife su an lullube da farin farin kasa. Abin da ya sa ake ce musu hatimi. Da farko, ana ciyar da matasa akan madarar uwa. Wannan lokacin yana tsawon watanni 2-4, gwargwadon yanayin yanayi da yanayin zafin jiki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Hannun jaririn Caspian dabbobi ne na musamman waɗanda aka basu ikon jinkiri da gangan ko kuma ci gaba da ci gaban mahaifar amfrayo. Wannan saboda yanayin mawuyacin yanayi na lokacin hunturu, lokacin da tabbas jarirai ba za su rayu ba lokacin da aka haife su a wannan lokacin.
Tun kafin a haifi zuriya, dabbobi suna gina matsuguni na musamman daga dusar ƙanƙara, inda suke ciyar da jariran a ciki. Sannan uwa a hankali tana canza su zuwa tsarin abincin manya, tana ba kifi, kayan kwalliya da ƙananan invertebrates su ɗanɗana. Har zuwa lokacin da sealan sealan hatimi suka canza zuwa abincin manya, launin gashinsu gaba ɗaya ya canza zuwa na manya. Maza ba sa shiga wani ɓangare wajen kiwon zuriya. Kulawa da ciyar da jarirai damuwa ce kawai ta uwa.
Masana ilmin namun daji suna jayayya cewa idan sun kasance a cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma tare da wadataccen abinci, yawan rai zai iya kaiwa shekaru 50. Koyaya, a yau ainihin rayuwar dabbobi ba zata wuce shekaru 15 ba. Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa dabbar tana girma har zuwa shekaru ashirin, to mafi yawan wakilan dabbobi masu cin nama ba sa ma rayuwa zuwa tsakiyar shekaru.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Za'a iya tantance yawan shekarun mutum ta hanyar kirga yawan da'ira a kan hakora ko farata. Wannan wata siffa ce ta musamman wacce ba ta halayyar kowane nau'in dabbobi ba.
Abokan gaba na hatimin Caspian
Hotuna: hatimin Caspian daga littafin Red
Masu binciken sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan dabbobin ba su da abokan gaba. Iyakar abin da aka keɓe shine mutum, wanda aikinsa ke haifar da raguwar yawan dabbobi. Koyaya, a zahiri, hatimai, musamman ma jarirai sabbin haihuwa, galibi suna zama ganima don masu ƙarfi da manya.
Abokan gaba na hatimin Caspian:
- Gwanin Brown;
- Foxes;
- Sable;
- Wolves;
- Mikiya;
- Kifi whale;
- Yankin Greenland;
- Farar gaggafa.
A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, in babu tushen abinci, walruses na iya farautar matasa da ƙananan mutane. Mata suna da rauni musamman lokacin haihuwar zuriya, da kuma 'ya'yan, waɗanda mahaifiyarsu ta tafi neman abinci kuma ta bar jariranta a cikin kogon ita kaɗai babu mai kulawa.
Mutum yayi babbar illa ga dabbobi. Ayyukanta, dangane da yadda yawancin jinsin ke raguwa sosai, yana da alaƙa ba kawai da farauta da farauta ba, har ma da gurɓatar mahalli na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan shine babban dalilin da yasa rayuwar dabbobi take cikin yanayi na yanayi kuma adadinsu ke ragu sosai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Nerpa a cikin Tekun Caspian
A yau hatimin Caspian nau'ikan halittu ne masu haɗari. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam yana ci gaba koyaushe, wanda ke haifar da lalata, ƙazanta da lalata mahalli na asalin hatimin Caspian. Duk da cewa masana kimiyyar dabbobi suna kokarin bunkasa da kuma daukar duk matakan da suka dace don kiyaye jinsin da kara yawan mutane, adadin dabbobi na kara kankanta a kowace shekara.
A baya can, yawan hatimin Caspian suna da yawa kuma sun wuce mutane miliyan ɗaya. Yanayin ƙasa a cikin lambobin su ya fara ne a cikin shekaru 70. Bayan shekaru 5-7 kawai, ya ragu da kusan rabi kuma bai wuce mutane 600,000 ba. Jawo irin wannan nau'in hatimin yana da daraja sosai.
An jera dabbar a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya tare da sanya matsayin "mai hatsari". A halin yanzu, ba a hana farautar wannan nau'in dabbobi a matakin majalisar dokoki ba, amma an iyakance shi. An yarda doka ta kashe mutane sama da dubu hamsin a shekara. Koyaya, koda wannan adadi na iya yin barazana a cikin wannan halin.
Koyaya, farauta da farauta basu da nisa daga cikin dalilan da suka sa aka rasa jinsin. Babban cututtukan dabbobi, lalacewa da gurɓatar mahalli na asali, da haihuwar zuriya sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku suna haifar da damuwa.
Kariyar hatimin Caspian
Photo: Caspian hatimin Red Book
A Rasha, a halin yanzu, a matakin majalisa, batun danniya, rage tasirin dan adam kan rage yawan wannan nau'in. An yanke shawara don sanya hatimin Caspian a cikin littafin Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha da kuma tsananin hana farauta. Zuwa yau, ana ƙoƙarin rage gurɓatar ruwan Tekun Caspian ta sharar gida daga masana'antun sarrafa mai da gas.
Waɗanne matakai ake ɗauka don kare jinsin daga tasirin ɗan adam:
- Kafa wuraren kariya don hatimin Caspian;
- Tattaunawa game da gurɓatar ruwa a cikin Tekun Caspian da rage abubuwa masu cutarwa da ke ba da gudummawa ga wannan;
- Hanawa da hana kama dabbobi da 'yan maruƙa ga kowane irin bincike har sai an dawo da yawan;
- Irƙirar keɓaɓɓu na gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, inda masanan dabbobi, masana kimiyya da masu bincike za su ƙirƙira yanayi mai kyau don ƙara yawan nau'in;
- Cigaba da aiwatar da aiyukan kasa da kasa domin kariya daga wannan nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Hatimin Caspian dabba ce mai ban mamaki da kyau sosai. Koyaya, da sannu zai iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya daga fuskar duniya. Sakamakon sakaci ga albarkatun kasa da duniyar dabbobi, mutum na iya halakar da wani wakili na musamman na fure da dabbobi. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci a yi duk ƙoƙari don kiyayewa da dawo da lambobin ta.
Ranar bugawa: 09.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 16:03
