Wallaby - ƙananan marsupials masu tsalle-tsalle. Kusan sun yi kama da kangaroos. Sami madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya da goyan bayan ƙafafun kafa biyu da ƙananan ƙafafu biyu, da babban wutsiya mai kauri. Yin amfani da tsalle azaman hanyar farko ta tafiya, wallaby zai iya tafiya cikin sauki a kilomita 25 / h kuma ya kai ga saurin gudu na 48 km / h.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Wallaby
Asalin haihuwar marsupials an taɓa ɗaukar Australiya, amma a zahiri, bisa ga sabon binciken ƙirar, duk marsupials masu rai, kamar wallabies, kangaroos da possums, tabbas yan asalin ƙasar Amurka ta Kudu ne. Tare da taimakon hanyoyin zamani, ya kasance zai yiwu a yi amfani da sabbin bayanan halittar gado game da wasu daga waɗannan nau'ikan don gano bishiyar iyali.
Ta hanyar kwatanta kwayoyin halittar Kudancin Amurka possum (Monodelphis domestica) da wallaby na Australiya (Macropus eugenii) don kasancewar alamun alamomi na musamman, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wadannan dabbobi dole ne su fito daga tsatson dabbobi daya.
Bidiyo: Wallaby
Sakamakon ya nuna cewa marsupials sun samo asali ne daga magabata daya a Kudancin Amurka, kuma yin buya ya faru ne tuntuni lokacin da Kudancin Amurka, Antarctica, da Ostiraliya suka kasance a haɗe a matsayin ɓangare na babban filin ƙasa da ake kira Gondwana. Wannan ya ba dabbobin damar yawaitar Ostiraliya. Gano ya saba da ra'ayin da ya gabata. Amma har yanzu bai yiwu ba don tabbatar da sakamakon da aka samu tare da burbushin halittu.
Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) jinsin dabbobi masu shayarwa na kangaroo (Macropus) kuma wakilin gidan kangaroo (Macropodidae). Amfani da farko game da wannan nau'in ana iya samun shi a tsakanin masu jirgin ruwan Dutch a cikin 1628. Kalmar wallaby kanta an ɗauke ta daga yaren Eora. Wannan ƙabila ce da ta taɓa zama a yankin Sydney na yau. Ana kiran yara Wallaby, kamar sauran marsupials, joey.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Wallaby dabba
Wallabies ƙananan ƙananan marsupials ne. Suna cikin dangi iri daya kamar kangaroos, wani lokacin kuma iri daya suke. Ba a bayyana ma'anar "wallaby" a sarari ba. Yawanci ana amfani dashi don komawa ga kowane ƙaramin marsupials. Wallaby ba rukunin halittu bane daban, amma wani nau'in haɗin kai ne na yawancin jinsi. Akwai nau'ikan wallaby kusan 30.
Kyakkyawan sani! Idan muka yi la’akari da yadda aka san wallaby, to wani nau'in halittar da ke yanzu (Swamp wallaby) da burbushin halittu na wasu yanzu yanzu ba ya cikin jinsin Wallabia.
Ana amfani da ƙafafun bayan baya mai ƙarfi na dabbobi don yin tsalle mai nisa. Wallabies na kan dutse (wanda ya keɓance irin na Petrogale) ƙwarewa ce a cikin ƙasa mai ƙafafu kuma ƙafafu sun dace don kama dutse maimakon huɗa cikin ƙasa tare da manyan fika. Kafafun gaban wallaby kanana ne kuma galibi ana amfani dasu don ciyarwa. Suna da bakin hanci, manyan kunnuwa da gashin gashi wanda zai iya zama launin toka, baƙi, ja, launin ruwan kasa ko fari.
Kamar kangaroos, suna da wutsiyoyi masu ƙarfi da tsawo waɗanda ake amfani da su don daidaitawa. Dwarf wallaby shi ne mafi karami daga cikin jinsin halittar kuma mafi kankantar sanannen dangin kangaroo. Tsawonsa yakai kimanin 46 cm daga hanci zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya, kuma nauyinsa yakai kimanin kilogiram 1.6. Bugu da kari, akwai wallabies na daji ko kuma masu neman taimako (fallabies), biyar daga cikinsu sun rayu a New Guinea.
Idanun wallaby suna saman kan kokon kai kuma suna ba dabba filin kallo na 324 tare da rufe 25 ° (mutane suna da filin kallo na 180 ° tare da juyewar 120 °). Ganinsa yana da ƙwarewa kwatankwacin na zomo, shanu ko dawakai. Wallaby yana da manyan kunnuwa, kunnuwa masu kaifin baki waɗanda za a iya juya su 180 ° daban-daban da juna.
Ina wallaby yake zaune?
Hoto: Kangaroo wallaby
Wallabies sun bazu ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya, musamman a cikin yankuna masu nisa, yankuna masu yawan gandun daji, kuma zuwa ɗan ƙarami a cikin manyan filayen da ke kankara, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da manya. siririn da sauri-kangaroos. Hakanan ana iya samun su a tsibirin Guinea, wanda har zuwa lokacin ilimin ƙasa ya kasance ɓangare na babban yankin Ostiraliya.
Ruwan wallabies kusan suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu, tare da duwatsu masu duwatsu, manyan duwatsu, dutsen yashi da kogo. Sauran nau'ikan sun fi son filayen ciyawa masu dausayi ko yankunan bakin teku masu da kyau, dazuzzuka masu zafi. A Kudancin Ostiraliya, wallaby mai laushi da launin toka mai launin toka gama gari ne. Sauran nau'ikan ba su da yawa.
An gabatar da nau'ikan wallaby da dama zuwa wasu sassan duniya, kuma akwai yawan masu kiwo, ciki har da:
- Tsibirin Kawau gida ne na yawan tammar (eugenii), parma (an sake gano parma, an yi imanin cewa ya shuɗe har tsawon shekaru 100), Marsh (bicolor) da wallaby mai taƙawar dutse (gabatarwar Petrogale penicillata) daga gabatarwar 1870;
- Yankin Tafkin Tarawera yana da yawan tammar (eugenii) a cikin New Zealand;
- Akwai wallabies na Bennett da yawa a kudancin New Zealand;
- A tsibirin Man, akwai sama da 100 wallabies masu launin ja da launin toka a yankin, zuriyar wasu ma'aurata ne da suka tsere daga dajin namun daji a shekarar 1970;
- Hawaii tana da 'yan tsirarun mutane a tsibirin Oahu waɗanda suka fito daga tsalle-tsalle na gidan Petrogale penicillata (Rock-tailed Wallaby) Gidan tsugunne a 1916;
- A cikin Yankin Gaggawa na Englandasar Ingila, yawan jama'a ya tashi daga waɗanda suka tsere daga zoo a cikin 1940;
- A tsibirin Inchconnachan da ke Scotland, akwai kusan wallabies masu launin ja 28;
- An gabatar da mutane da yawa zuwa Tsibirin Lambey da ke gabashin gabashin Ireland a cikin shekarun 1950. Yankin mulkin mallaka ya fadada a cikin 1980s bayan karuwar alƙaluman almara da ba zato ba tsammani a gidan shakatawar Dublin;
- A Faransa, a cikin gandun dajin Rambouillet, kilomita 50 yamma da Paris, akwai wani gandun daji na wallaby na Bennett kusan 30. Yawan ya fito ne a cikin shekarun 1970 lokacin da wallaby ya tsere daga gidan Emanse bayan hadari.
Me wallaby ke ci?
Hotuna: Wallaby Kangaroo
Wallabies sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, babban ɓangaren tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire. Fuskokinsu masu tsayi suna barin ɗakuna da yawa don muƙamuƙansu da manyan hakora masu faɗi don suci abincin ganye. Zasu iya cin ganye da 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu da' ya'yan itace, furanni, gansakuka, ferns, ganye, har ma da kwari. Sun fi son ciyarwa da daddare, da safe da yamma da yamma.
Gaskiya gaskiya! Wallaby yana da raɓaɓɓen ciki, kamar doki. Ciwan gabanta yana taimakawa wajen narkar da ciyawar da ke cikin igiya. Dabbar tana sake sarrafa abinci, taunawa da kuma sake hadiyewa (tauna cingam), wanda ke taimakawa wajen lalata bakin zaren da inganta narkewar abinci.
Yayin da ake kiwo, wallabies galibi suna taruwa a ƙananan rukuni, kodayake yawancin nau'ikan keɓantattu ne. Don su shayar da ƙishirwa, suna zuwa ramuka masu shayarwa, amma idan akwai haɗari, za su iya rashin abinci da ruwa na dogon lokaci. Dabbar tana debe danshi daga abinci. Wannan jinsin mawuyacin hali ne, mai iya yin komai idan ya cancanta.
Saboda birni na kwanan nan, yawancin wallaby yanzu suna ciyarwa a yankunan karkara da birane. Suna yin tafiya mai nisa dan neman abinci da ruwa, wadanda galibi basu da yawa a muhallin su. A lokacin rani, yawan jama'a wallaby sukan taru a rami ɗaya.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Wallaby dabba
Wallaby ya dace sosai da bushewar, yanayin Australia mai zafi. Hakanan yana da ma'anar yanayin sosai kuma yana gano hazo a nesa har zuwa kilomita 20 kuma ana fuskantar su.
Wannan abin sha'awa ne! Wallaby kusan ba ya samar da methane, wanda dabbobi da tumaki ke samarwa da yawa. Tsarin narkewar wallaby yana jujjuya sinadarin hydrogen na narkewa zuwa acetate, wanda daga nan ake shanye shi kuma ana amfani dashi don kuzari. Madadin haka, wallaby yana fitar da iskar carbon dioxide, wanda ya fi illa ga methane sau 25 a lamuran muhalli.
Dabbar tana da karami sosai, kusan babu igiyoyin sautinta. Saboda wannan dalili, suna da iyakancewar sautuka. Marsupial tana motsawa ta hanyar tsalle. Idan yana buƙatar matsawa kaɗan, sai ya yi ƙananan tsalle, idan yana buƙatar shawo kan manyan wurare, tsayin tsalle yana ƙaruwa.
Kamar kowane marsupials, wallaby yana da ƙafafun baya masu ƙarfi da manyan ƙafa, an tsara musamman don tsalle. Ya kammala wannan hanyar tafiya don sanya ta ɗayan hanyoyi mafi sauri da inganci don tafiya zuwa nesa.
Wallabies suna motsawa a hankali idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobi. Dalilin haka kuwa shine kafafun taushi na wallaby da kuma cewa kafa biyu ne kawai ke taba kasa. Zai iya juya ƙafa ɗaya a sauƙaƙe kuma ya sauya hanya da sauri. Zai iya yin juyawa na 180 ° a cikin tsalle daya.
Wallaby na da ikon iya takaita tsalle a cikin faɗa. Koyaya, a zahiri ba zai iya zama hanyar sufuri ba. Bugu da kari, dabbar ba za ta iya tafiya gaba ko baya ba ta hanyar matsar da kafafunta da kansu. Wallaby yana rayuwa daga shekara 6 zuwa 15.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Wallaby Cub
Jaririn wallaby da aka sani da joey yana da ƙanƙanci a lokacin haihuwa. Ya yi kama da 2cm jelly kuma nauyinsa gram ɗaya kawai. Yaran mutane sun ninka kusan sau 3,500. Yara jarirai suna da matakai na ci gaba guda biyu. Daya a cikin uwa yana kama da dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar na mutane, dayan kuma a wajen jikin mahaifiya yake a cikin wata yar jakar waje ta musamman da ake kira 'yar jakar. Saboda haka sunan marsupial.
Mataki na 1. An haifi Joey kimanin kwanaki 30 bayan hawan ciki. Thean ya fito ne daga hanyar haihuwar uwa makaho, mara gashi, tare da ƙafafun ƙugu kuma kusan babu ƙafafun baya. Amfani da ƙananan ƙafafun sahun gaba a cikin motsa jiki (kirjin nono), jariri joey yana rarrafe tare da babban gashin mahaifiyarsa zuwa jaka. 'Yar jakar tana kan cikin mata. Wannan tafiyar takan dauki kusan minti uku. Yana motsawa gaba ɗaya da kansa. Mace ba ta taimaka ta kowace hanya.
Mataki na 2. Sau ɗaya cikin jakar mahaifiyarsa, joey da sauri tana mannewa ɗayan nonon huɗun. Da zaran kugiyar ta manna kan nonon mace, za a ɓoye ta a ciki har tsawon watanni shida da rabi. Daga nan Joey ya fara cire kansa a hankali daga cikin jaka kuma yana lura da duniyar da ke kewaye da shi. Bayan kamar makonni biyu, zai sami ƙarfin gwiwa na fita da sauri ya koma cikin aminci idan ya ji tsoro.
A cikin watanni 8 kawai, wallababy ya daina ɓoyewa a cikin jakar mahaifiyarsa ya zama mai cin gashin kansa. Namiji wallaby bashi da jakunkuna.
Abokan gaba na wallaby
Hotuna: Wallaby
Lokacin da aka yi wa wallaby barazana, sai su tsinkaye kansu a ƙafafu kuma su yi sauti da ƙarfi don faɗakar da wasu. Zasu iya bugun abokan adawar tasu da kafafunsu na baya da kuma cizawa, dabarar da maza kuma suke amfani da ita wajen fada da juna.
Wallaby yana da yawancin masu lalata dabi'a:
- Dingo;
- Mikiya-da-wutsiyoyi;
- Shaidanun Tasmaniya;
- Manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar kada da macizai.
Wallaby na iya kare kanta daga masu farauta ta hanyar buge su da doguwar wutsiya mai ƙarfi. Wallaananan wallabies suna faɗawa ga kadangaru na gida, macizai da gaggafa. 'Yan Adam ma suna da babbar barazana ga wallaby. Ga mazaunan yankin, nau'ikan abinci ne na gargajiya, suna farautar su da naman su da gashin su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Shigo da dawakai, kuliyoyi, karnuka zuwa Ostiraliya da saurin haifuwarsu ya shafi nau'ikan halittu da dama, yana tura wasu zuwa ga halaka.
Don inganta yawan jama'a, an saki wasu nau'in wallaby da ke cikin hatsari cikin mazauninsu na asali, inda nan take suke zama cikin sauki ga masu farauta a cikin daji. Kokarin sake aiwatar da su yakan haifar da matsaloli. Koyar da wallaby don jin tsoron masu cin nama na iya hana matsalar.
Wallabies suna da fahimta ta yau da kullun game da abin da masu cin abincin su suke. Saboda haka, mutane suna ƙoƙari don faɗakar da abubuwan tunawa a cikinsu. Lokacin da aka jefa tarin dabbobi cikin daji, suna bukatar tallafi. Ya yi wuri a ce ko horo zai inganta damar wallaby.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Wallaby dabba
Yawancin jinsuna sun ragu sosai tun lokacin ƙaura na Turai. Bunkasar aikin gona ya haifar da share fili da asarar muhalli - babbar barazana ga halittun da ake dasu.
Bugu da kari, barazanar da ake yi wa yawan sun hada da:
- Ciyawar dabbobi - zomaye, tumaki, awaki, shanu - suna gasa tare da marsupials don abinci, musamman a yankuna masu bushewa inda abinci yayi karanci.
- Yawancin wallabies suna cikin haɗarin mota kamar yadda suke yawanci ciyarwa kusa da hanyoyi da birane.
- Anyi tasiri mafi mahimmanci ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin yanayin gargajiya na ƙona ciyawa a cikin makiyaya. Wannan ya rage tushen wallaby da kuma kara yawan mummunar gobara mai zafi.
- Yin sare dazuzzuka yana haifar da raguwar ire-iren gandun daji na wallaby philanders.
- Wasu nau'ikan ana daukar su a matsayin kwari na noma kuma mazauna yankin sun lalata su.
- Yawancin dabbobin da aka gabatar kamar su dingoes, dawakai, kuliyoyi da karnuka sun kai hari ga wallabies.
- Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) duk sun ɓace daga ƙasarsu ta asalin Australiya, galibi saboda ƙulle-ƙulle. Amma suna rayuwa inda masu farauta basa nan - a kan kananan tsibiran bakin teku da kuma a New Zealand.
Yawancin jinsuna suna da kirki sosai saboda haka ba su cikin haɗari. Amma wasu, kamar na tsaunukan, ana ɗaukarsu cikin haɗari.
Wallaby mai gadi
Hotuna: Wallaby daga littafin Red
Aborigines ba su da wani tasiri a game da rayuwar wallaby gabaɗaya a cikin shekaru miliyan 50 na rayuwa tare. Amma tun daga zuwan Turawa mazauna, mutane sun fara yin tasiri sosai. An buga wasu nau'ikan wallaby sosai kuma watakila ma sun bace.
Lissafin IUCN ya haɗa da:
- Blackarƙashin Blackarfin Baƙin Wallaby;
- Haɗarin Proserpine dutse wallaby;
- Rock wallaby mai ƙafafun rawaya, yana cikin haɗari;
- Rufous Hare Wallaby ko Warrup - mai saurin halaka;
- Wallaby's Bridled Nail-tail suna da rauni ga halaka;
Rukuni biyar na Blackfoot Mountain Wallaby suna cikin hadari daban-daban kuma an lasafta su a matsayin Masu Haɗari ko ularfafawa. Shirye-shiryen kiwo wallaby da aka kamo sun sami nasara, tare da sakin wasu adadi mutane cikin daji kwanan nan.
Byungiyar wallaby rab (Lagostrophus flaviatus) wacce ita ce ta ƙarshe da ta rage a cikin Sthenurinae da ke babban gida, kuma duk da cewa ya kasance ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a kudancin Ostiraliya, zangon yanzu yana iyakance ga tsibirai biyu da ke gefen tekun Yammacin Ostiraliya waɗanda ba su da 'yanci. Abin takaici, wasu nau'ikan wallaby ya mutu gaba daya. Kudancin kangaroo na gabas, wallaby jinjirin wata, jinsuna biyu ne da suka bace tun lokacin da Turai ta zauna.
Ranar bugawa: 05.04.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 13:32
