Kusan kowane yaro ga tambaya: "Wadanne dabbobin arewa kuka sani?" a tsakanin wasu ya ce - mujiya mai dusar kankara... Wannan ba daidaituwa ba ne, saboda farin tsuntsu ya bazu sosai a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka har ya zama ɗayan alamun arewa. Har ma ana nuna ta a jikin rigunan makamai na wasu biranen dawafi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Snowy owl
Mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara, ko kuma kamar yadda mutane da yawa ke kiranta, farin mujiya, na daga nau'in alfarmar mujiya, dangin mujiya na umarnin mujiya. Tsuntsayen sun sami suna na biyu ne saboda farin labulenta, wanda ya yadu a cikin jiki. A cikin rarrabuwa na asali, wannan jinsin ya kasance cikin jinsin halittu daban, amma masana kimiyyar kimiyyar zamani sun yi amannar cewa mujiya mai dusar kankara ta kasance ta jinsin mujiya.
Dangane da bayanan burbushin halittu, kakannin dukkanin mujiya sun rayu kimanin shekaru miliyan 80 da suka gabata. Wasu jinsuna, gami da wataƙila mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara, sun bazu shekaru miliyan 50 kafin bayyanar mutum. Aya daga cikin shaidun (amma ba shi kaɗai ba) na zamaninsu shine gaskiyar cewa sun zama gama gari a nahiyoyin da suka rabu, kuma suna da kamanni iri ɗaya, kodayake mujiyoyin da kansu basa taɓa hayewa zuwa tekun.
Bidiyo: Snowy Mujiya
Abubuwan halayyar duk owls sun haɗa da gaskiyar cewa basu da ƙwallon ido, saboda haka idanun sun fi kama da tsari zuwa telescopes. Idon ba zai iya motsawa ba, amma juyin halitta ya rama wannan rashi tare da motsi na kai, wanda zai iya juya kusan zagaye a wuya (ya zama daidai, digiri 280 - 140 a kowane bangare). Bugu da kari, suna da matukar gani.
Mujiya ba ta da biyu, amma nau'i uku ne na fatar ido, kowane daya yana aikinsa. Ana buƙatar ɗayan don ƙyaftawa, ɗayan don kare idanu yayin bacci, ɗayan kuma ana amfani da shi azaman goge motoci don tsabtace abubuwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Farin Snowy Owl
Mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara tana da girma sosai game da asalin sauran tsuntsayen tundra. Matsakaicin tsayin fikafikansa mita daya da rabi ne. Matsakaicin sanannen girman ya kai cm 175. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wannan ɗayan ofan jinsin ne wanda mata suka fi na maza girma. Musamman, tsayin jikinsu yakai daga santimita sittin zuwa saba'in, yayin da mafi girman girman namiji santimita 65 ne kawai. Nauyin jikin mata ma ya fi girma - kimanin kilogram uku. Maza suna da nauyin kilogram biyu da rabi kawai.
Abun hawa na Snowy Owl yana da yawa sosai kuma yana da dumi sosai. Hatta kafafuwan an rufe su da kyawawan fuka-fukai masu kama da ulu. Featananan fuka-fukan ma suna ɓoye bakin tsuntsu. Wannan saboda rayuwa ne cikin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi. Kari akan haka, gashin mujiya na da tsari na musamman na yawo, wanda ya sanya yake iya tashi kusan shiru. Wani fasali shine cewa farin mujiya ya zubar da canjin yanayi. Tana fara zubar da tsohuwar laɓɓanta a farkon bazara da kuma na biyu a shekara a ƙarshen kaka.
Launi, kamar yadda tuni aka fahimta daga suna na biyu na tsuntsu, fari ne. Yayi daidai da mazaunin mujiya na polar. Saboda gaskiyar cewa yana haɗuwa da asalin dusar ƙanƙara, mujiya ba ta iya gani ga masu cin nasara da waɗanda ke cutar da ita. A kimiyance, ana kiran irin wannan launi mai dacewa da bayan fage. Akwai tabo mai duhu akan dutsen. Matsayinsu ya banbanta ga kowane tsuntsu, kamar zanan yatsu ga mutane.
Kan tsuntsun yana da fadi da zagaye, tare da kanana da kusan ba a iya gani. Amma tare da ƙaramin girman su, mujiya tana da kyakkyawan ji kuma tana iya jin beraye har ma da nisa. Mujiya an yarda tana da ji sau hudu fiye da kyan gida. Idanun suna zagaye, rawaya mai haske. Babu kwalliyar ido, kamar sauran mujiyoyi. Za a iya maye gurbin gashin ido mai laushi a kan idanu. Bakin baki baƙi ne, amma ba a iya gani, kamar yadda gashinsa yake ɓoye shi. Mujiya ba ta da hakora.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: shugaban mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara yana da hannu sosai kuma yana iya juyawa aƙalla digiri 270 a sauƙaƙe. Wannan yana taimakawa mujiya sosai lokacin farauta.
A ina mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara take zaune?
Photo: Snowy mujiya tsuntsu
Wannan tsuntsun mazaunin mazaunin arewacin latitude ne, ƙari ma, a cikin sassan biyu. Wurin zama ya faɗaɗa a cikin tundra a cikin ƙasashen Rasha da Kanada.
Ana samun mutane a kan tsibirin Arctic Ocean, gami da:
- akan Novaya Zemlya;
- akan Svalbard;
- a tsibirin Wrangel;
- a cikin Greenland.
A hakikanin gaskiya, mujiyoyi masu dusar ƙanƙara suna rayuwa a cikin dukkanin Arctic. A baya can, ana samun tsuntsaye ma a cikin Scandinavia, wanda ke nuna a cikin rubutun Latin na sunan tsuntsu Nyctea scandiac. Amma yanzu baƙi ne ƙwarai a can.
Tsuntsun wani bangare ne na kiwo. Wato, yana da wuraren shakatawa na hunturu da wuraren nishaɗi. Amma wasu mutane sun fi so su zauna a wuraren nest don hunturu. A lokaci guda, suna zaɓar wuraren da ba a rufe su da kankara ko dusar ƙanƙara ba. Owls masu yin dusar ƙanƙara suna yin ƙaura a tsakiyar lokacin kaka, sannan suka dawo a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu. Wasu lokuta, amma ba safai ba, tsuntsaye ke tashi zuwa yankunan da ake ganin su na kudu ne. Misali, an ga mujiya masu yin dusar kankara a yankin Khabarovsk, Arewacin Japan da Tsibirin Koriya.
Mujiya ta fi son ta zauna galibi a cikin sarari, wani lokacin a tsakanin ƙananan tsaunuka, tunda ba ta tashi sama da mita 1000 sama da matakin teku. A akasin wannan, mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara tana ƙoƙari ya guje wa dazuzzuka, yana mai daɗa kan tundra da gandun-tundra. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin dacewar farauta a wuraren da ke da ciyayi masu girma. A lokacin yunwa, yakan faru cewa tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa ƙauyuka don neman abinci, amma wannan yana faruwa da ƙyar.
Menene mujiya mai yin dusar ƙanƙara take ci?
Hotuna: Snowl owl a cikin tundra
Mujiya mai yin dusar ƙanƙara shine mai farauta irin ta yau da kullun. Tana cin abincin dabbobi ne kawai kuma ba ta taɓa cin tsiro. Kullum tana cin aƙalla rodents huɗu kowace rana. Babban mutum ba zai iya wadatar da ƙarami ba. A cikin shekara guda, babban mujiya yana cin kusan linzamin bera kamar 1,600, galibi lemmings. Mujiya na haɗiye ƙananan dabbobi gaba ɗaya a wurin, kuma kafin cin abincin ganima, ɗauki su da kansu, sa'annan ku tsage su kuma ku cinye ɓangarorin daban. Mujiya tana gyara ulu da kasusuwa.
Baya ga beraye, abinci don mujiya na polar shine:
- kurege;
- pikas;
- ermines da sauran ƙananan dabbobi;
- belar polar polar;
- ducks da ƙananan geese;
- jaka.
Sauran abubuwan daidai suke, a lokacin bazara, mujiya fari ta fi son cin abinci akan ƙananan beraye. Yawanci yakan farautar dabbobi masu girma (dangane da girmanta) a lokacin sanyi. Yawancin mujiya masu dusar ƙanƙara suma an hango suna cin kifi. Bugu da kari, ba sa kyamar mushe a lokacin sanyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara tana farauta daga ƙasa. Ta sauka a ƙasa mai tsayi tana kallo. Ganin abin farauta, sai ya fika fikafikan sa sosai, sa'annan ya tashi zuwa sandar ya kama shi da fika. Amma wani lokacin mujiya mai yin dusar ƙanƙara tana amfani da wata hanyar farauta - a ƙananan ƙaura.
Idan farautar ta fi ta mujiya girma kanta ko kuma girmanta zai yi daidai, to, tashi sama, sai ya yi cizo a cikin abincin ya rataya ga wanda aka azabtar har sai ya daina tsayayya. Sai tsuntsun ya doke wanda aka azabtar da baki. Wannan shine yadda farautar kurege ke faruwa.
Farauta yawanci tana farawa ne da yamma, amma ba za a iya kiran farin mujiya da tsuntsu mai tsawan dare ba. Hakanan farautar farauta na iya faruwa da sanyin safiya bayan dogon hutu. Ba kamar sauran mujiyoyi ba, farin mujiya ba ya tsoron hasken rana gaba ɗaya.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Northern Snowy Owl
White owls galibi suna rayuwa nesa da mutane, don haka ba kowa ke iya ganinsa ba. Tsuntsu, kamar kowane mai ƙarfi mai farauta, yana da nasa halaye. Tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Kusan dukkanin mujiya masu dusar kankara su kadai ne. Suna ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i ne kawai don lokacin kiwo, kuma a wannan lokacin ne kawai suke aiki tare.
Mujiya na iya yin sautuka don sadarwa da juna da kuma tsoratar da abokan gaba. Sautunan kamar sautin kirari ne, hooting wani lokaci kuma yana kururuwa da wasu abubuwa. Mujiya suna sadarwa da juna kawai a lokacin kiwo, saboda haka yawanci suna yin shiru.
Mujiya yakan kwashe tsawon rayuwarsa ko dai a cikin mafarki ko kuma bin sawun farauta. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na mujiya na polar shi ne cewa yana iya tafiyar da rayuwar yau da kullun. Sauran mujiya suna farauta ne da dare kawai.
Ana yawan farautar owl ta lemmings da wasu abubuwa masu kama da linzamin kwamfuta. Ta hanyar kashe gwaiwa, mujiya masu dusar ƙanƙara suna daidaita lambobin su da ƙarfi. Fa'ida daga wannan shine cewa ta wannan hanyar kai tsaye suna cikin ƙirƙirar yanayin halittar tundra. Wani mahimmin mahimmancin mujiya na mujiya shi ne cewa su ne abubuwan da ke haifar da nasarar nesting sauran tsuntsayen Trundra.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: owls Snowy ba zai taɓa yin farauta kusa da gidansu ba, yayin da suke tsananin kare yankin da ke kusa da su a cikin radius na kusan kilomita. Wasu tsuntsayen, kamar su teku, sun san wannan fasalin kuma gida na musamman kusa da mujiya domin ya zama su ma suna kula da gidajan su.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Snowy mujiya kajin
Tunda mujiya na pola suna kadaici, basu da kowane irin tsarin zamantakewar su. A lokacin nestest, suna ƙirƙirar ma'aurata masu aure, amma galibi ana iya yarwa dasu. Lokacin kwanciya don mujiya na dusar ƙanƙara yana tsakiyar tsakiyar bazarar kalandar.
A matsayin alamar neman saduwa da mace, namiji ya kawo mata abinci, ya tashi a kusa da ita, ya bude fuka-fukansa da karfi, kuma ya yi tafiya tare, a ruke. Yawancin lokaci kyautar ita ce gawa mai laushi. Don jan hankalin mace, yana kuma iya shirya tsere na nunawa, yana gudana a kan tuddai, wani lokacin yana raɗa sautuka iri-iri.
Idan mace ta yarda, to, ma'auratan za su fara kula da zuriyar da za su zo nan gaba, wanda suke gina gida don su. Gida na da sauqi. Yana sauka a kan kasa, wanda tsuntsu ke fitar da rami ko karamar damuwa tare da farcensa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya yin layi a gida tare da ciyawar busassun, fatun bera ko tsoffin fuka-fukai da ƙasa. Owls yawanci yakan sauka gida a kan gangaren bushewa. A kan tsibirai, an gina gidaje a kan raƙuman tsaunukan bakin teku.
Ba a sa ƙwai na mujiya a lokaci guda, amma bi da bi. Kwai daya a rana. Kodayake wannan tazarar na iya yin tsayi da yawa, ya kai mako guda. Saboda haka, kajin a cikin gida ɗaya koyaushe suna da shekaru daban-daban. Mata na gabatar da kwan na tsawon wata guda. Kaji suna kyankyashe kwanar kwan kwai. A lokacin lokacin daukar ciki, namiji ya dauki nauyin neman abinci. Amma daga baya, idan kaji da yawa, sai mace ta shiga farauta. Galibi mace tana zama a cikin gida kuma tana kare kajin da ƙwai daga masu farauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin shekaru masu ƙoshin lafiya, yawan kajin da ke cikin kowane gida na iya kai wa 15. A cikin shekarun rashin sa'a, kusan rabin adadin ƙwai ake kwanciya, amma akwai kuma shari'o'in lokacin da dabbar ba ta bayyana kwata-kwata.
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da Owlets da sauri. Idanunsu a buɗe a rana ta goma. Yawancin lokaci a lokaci guda, suna daɗaɗa da launin toka-kasa-ƙasa, wanda za'a maye gurbinsu yayin zuban farko. Su da kansu sun fara rarrafe daga cikin gida, kuma bayan wata ɗaya da rabi suna ƙoƙari su tashi. Balagarsu ta zo a cikin shekara guda. Jimlar rayuwar mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara yawanci yakan kai shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyar. A cikin bauta, owls suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru talatin.
Abokan gaba na mujiya
Hotuna: Snowl owl a cikin jirgin sama
Tunda mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara tana kama da babban tsuntsu a bayan wasu mazaunan tundra, ba safai ake kai mata hari ba. Amma, duk da haka, farin mujiya ma yana da abokan gaba, tunda kajinta na ci gaba da fuskantar barazanar masu farautar su. Karen da aka kyankyashe yawanci karnukan Arctic da karnukan suna farautar su, wani lokacin kuma daga skuas. Hakanan dawakan Arctic kuma suna son hawa cikin gida don cin ƙwai mujiya. Dangane da cewa kamun mujiya da goyo suna da matukar damuwa ta karnukan Arctic, ana daukar dawakan Arctic a matsayin babban makiyin farin mujiya.
Wani lokaci mutuwar kajin na faruwa ne saboda halayen tsoffin tsofaffi. Chickananan kajin suna da ikon lalata ƙaninsu, sannan kuma har ma su ci abinci. Amma cin naman mutane yawanci ba safai yake musu ba. Sau da yawa, samari 'yan kananun kan mutu saboda yunwa saboda gaskiyar cewa tsofaffin kajin suna kwashe abincin da iyayensu suka kawo.
Da kyar masu farauta ke farautar muji na manya, amma idan hakan ta faru, mujiya tana fadada fikafikanta ta tsorata makiya, tana nuna hare-haren karya. Sau da yawa, mujiya masu yin dusar ƙanƙara suna tashi ne kawai daga masu farauta, bayan sun ji ko sun ga maƙiyi a kan hanya. Idan hakan ta faru cewa wata dabba ko wata mahaukaciya ta kama wani mujiya na girma da mamaki, to sai kawai ya birgima a bayansa ya yi yaƙi da abokan gaba tare da faratansa.
Idan abokan gaba suka kai hari gidan mujiya, to tana ƙoƙari ta toshe masa hanya don kare kajin. Yana kaɗa fikafikan sa a gaban bakin bakin mai farauta, lokaci-lokaci yakan tashi sama sannan ya faɗo akan sa, ya kamo shi tare da farcen. Yawancin lokaci irin waɗannan matakan sun isa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Babban Snowl Owl
A yau, owls na dusar ƙanƙara nau'ikan nau'ikan ne. A Arewacin Amurka, yawan jama'a ya ragu da 53% tun daga tsakiyar 1960s. Akwai dalili da za a yi imani da cewa hoton na iya zama daidai a cikin Rasha da arewacin sassan Turai. Abinda aka sani ga wasu shine cewa a cikin wuraren da aka saba, yawan tsuntsaye ya ragu sosai, kuma sun zama ba su da yawa.
Jinsi yana da matsayin mai rauni, amma har yanzu ba a yi musu barazanar bacewa ba, kuma ba a dauki wasu karin matakai don kare mujiya masu dusar kankara ba. Matsakaicin matsugunin tsuntsayen nan kusan hamsin hamsin a kowace muraba'in kilomita ɗari. Yawan mutanen duniya sunkai 28,000, wanda yayi yawa. Amma wasu masana kimiyya suna ɗaukar waɗannan bayanan a matsayin ƙididdiga masu yawa, kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa mujiya masu dusar ƙanƙara nan ba da daɗewa ba za su karɓi matsayin Red Book.
Ba a san takamaiman abin da ya haifar da raguwar yawan mujiya masu dusar ƙanƙara ba. Canjin yanayi na iya taka rawa a cikin wannan, saboda yana tasiri girman wadatar abinci. Wasu lahani ga yawan jama'a ayyukan mutane ne ke haifar da su. Yana faruwa cewa mujiya mai dusar kankara ya mutu a cikin tarko. Tarko a yankuna da yawa musamman mafarautan farauta ne ke sanya su. Owls kuma suna mutuwa a Arewacin Amurka lokacin da suka yi karo da motoci ko manyan layukan lantarki.
Ranar bugawa: 03/30/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 11:51
