Ruwan tabarau - "sarauniya" tsakanin dabbobi masu dauke da fur. Ta sami babban shahara, aikinta saboda kyawawan gashi, dumi kuma masu ƙimar gaske. An san wannan dabbar a duk duniya. Kwanan nan dangi, mutane sun iya fahimta a ciki ba kawai kyakkyawar fur ba, har ma da babbar laya ta halitta. Kwanan nan, mink yana ƙara zama dabbar gida.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Mink
Mink ƙaramin dabba ne mai santsi, galibi launin ruwan kasa. Ya kasance memba mai mahimmanci daga cikin mustelids dangi kuma yana cikin dabbobi masu cin nama. A tsayi, wannan dabbar ba ta wuce santimita hamsin ba, wanda wutsiya ɗaya tak ke ɗaukar kimanin santimita goma sha biyar.
Akwai minks iri biyu a cikin daji:
- Bature;
- Ba'amurke.
Wadannan nau'ikan minks suna da wasu bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar da sifofin jikin mutum, amma basu da mahimmanci. Sakamakon juyin halitta, yanayin yanayin gida guda, waɗannan dabbobin sun sami babban kamanceceniya. Halin fasalin dukkanin minks shine kasancewar membrane na musamman tsakanin yatsun kafa. Ita ce ta sa dabbobi suka zama manyan masu iyo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Nau'ukan Turai da na Amurka sun fito ne daga magabata daban-daban. Mink na Turai ya samo asali ne daga kolinska, yayin da bafaran Amurkawa ana ɗaukarsa dangi na kusa da martens.
Na dogon lokaci, muhimmin abu mai kamun kifi shine ainihin turaren Turai. Koyaya, a yau a hankali ana canza shi ta Amurka. Wannan ya faru ne saboda raguwar mahimmancin yawan jinsin, shigowa da saurin kiwo na dabbobin Amurka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wannan wakilin weasel yana da kashi saba'in da biyar cikin ɗari na buƙatar duniya ga furs. Akwai bayani mai sauki game da wannan adadi - minks suna hayayyafa abin al'ajabi a cikin fursuna.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabba dabba
Mink shine mafi kusancin dangi na weasels, ferrets, weasels. Nau'in halittar dabbar ta Turai da ta Amurka ce, amma a cikin fursunoni, masana kimiyya sun yi kiwon wasu nau'ikan da ke da halaye masu kyau. Minks ƙananan dabbobi ne tare da jiki mai tsayi. Jiki yana da sassauci sosai, kuma tsayinsa tsawon santimita arba'in da uku.
Bidiyo: Mink
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da ɗan ƙarami amma wutsiya mai taushi sosai. Tsawon sa ya fara daga santimita goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha tara. Mai farautar bai wuce nauyin gram 800 ba. Godiya ga irin waɗannan sigogi, dabba a cikin yanayi na iya shiga cikin kwazazzabai daban-daban, da sauri ɓoye idan akwai haɗari kuma a sauƙaƙe ya zauna akan ruwa.
Abu mafi mahimmanci ga mutum a cikin mink shine fur. Smallaramin mai farautar yana da kyau ƙwarai, fur mai kauri tare da ƙasa mai yawa. Pad din baya barin dabbar ta jike koda bayan tsawan lokaci da ruwa. Wata fa'idar Jawo ita ce "lalata dabi'arta". Bambanci tsakanin rani da murfin hunturu kadan ne. Launin dabba na iya zama launin ruwan kasa, ja mai haske, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu har ma da baƙar fata. An rarraba launi daidai, a kan ciki kawai zai iya zama ɗan haske kaɗan.
Minks suna da kunkuntar madauri, ƙananan kunnuwa zagaye. Mulos din ya dan lankwashe saman, kuma kunnuwa suna da kamannuna kuma kusan basa fitowa daga karkashin gashin. Fushin yanar gizo tsakanin yatsun ya bayyana. Suna da fifiko musamman akan ƙafafun kafa. Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobin suna da halin kasancewar farin wuri. Yawanci ana sanya shi a kan ƙugu, amma kuma a kan kirji.
A ina mink ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Baƙon Amurka
A baya can, mazaunin minks ya yi fadi sosai. Ya faɗi daga Finland zuwa gangaren tsaunukan Ural. Bayan lokaci, dabbobi suka bazu ko'ina cikin Faransa da Spain. Koyaya, abubuwa da yawa sun canza tun daga lokacin. Wakilan dangin weasel suna ta zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Yawan su ya ragu sosai a kan yawancin mazaunin tarihi, kuma a wasu yankuna waɗannan dabbobin sun ɓace gaba ɗaya.
A yau, mazaunin hukuma na ministocin Turai ya ƙunshi gutsure da yawa: Ukraine da Rasha, arewacin Spain, yammacin Faransa, da wasu yankuna na Romania. Ana iya samun dabbar a tsahon mita dubu daya da dari biyu sama da matakin teku. Nau'in Ba'amurke yana da yawa a Arewacin Amurka. Koyaya, an gabatar dashi zuwa Turai da Arewacin Asiya kuma. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, an shigo da barorin Amurkawa sama da dubu huɗu. Bugu da ƙari, wannan nau'in ana rayayye a gonaki daban-daban.
A cikin mazaunan zamani, yawan minkoki suna cikin raguwa ƙwarai. Za a iya kiran banda Romania da yankuna da yawa na Rasha: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Tver. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun damu da cewa nan ba da daɗewa ba, har ma a can, yawan waɗannan dabbobin za su fara raguwa. Ma'aikatan Turai suna ɓacewa ba kawai saboda ƙarancin yanayin ƙasa ko gurɓatar mahalli ba, amma saboda saurin yaduwar jinsunan Amurka.
Menene mink ke ci?
Hotuna: Black mink
Abincin mink na yau da kullun na iya ƙunsar:
- Entswaƙan linzamin kwamfuta kamar: berayen ruwa, ɓerayen filaye;
- Kifi. Dabbobin ba za su ba da kayan ciye-ciye ba, ƙarami, kifi. Gabaɗaya, suna iya cin kusan kowane kifi;
- Dabbobin ruwa: kifin kifin, molluscs, kwari iri-iri na ruwa;
- Amphibians: tadpoles, kananan toads, frogs, qwai.
Dabbobin da ke zaune kusa da ƙauyuka sukan ziyarci mutane don kulawa. Suna labewa a cikin rumfunan, gidajen kaji da wayo suna kama kaji. Idan dabbar tana jin yunwa sosai, to ba zai iya jin kunyar sharar abincin mutane ba. Koyaya, yawancin yan uwa har yanzu sun fi son cin sabon abinci. Idan ba haka ba, to suna iya ma jin yunwa, amma bai wuce kwana huɗu ba.
Minks sau da yawa ana iya ganin bishiyoyi a cikin bishiyoyi. A can za su iya cin abinci a kan ƙwai tsuntsaye. Matsakaicin mink yana cin abinci kusan gram ɗari biyu a rana, zai fi dacewa sabo. Idan lokacin farautar dabbar ta riski manyan ganima, to yana iya barin ta don lokutan yunwa ko na hunturu. Abin farautar yana ɓoye a cikin mahalli na musamman.
Minks masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ne. Koyaya, idan ba a sami farauta mara nasara ba, suna iya cin abincin da ba shi da kwatankwacinsu na ɗan lokaci: 'ya'yan itace, asalinsu, naman kaza, tsaba. Idan dabbar tana gida, to mutane suna ciyar dashi da abinci na musamman (bushe da danshi) da kuma kifin kifin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Mink dabba
Minks suna rayuwa galibi a yankuna na gandun daji, ba da nisa da hanyoyin ruwa ba: koguna, tafkuna, tafkuna. Sun fi son zama, kiwo da farauta a ƙananan ƙananan yankuna da rikice-rikice. Kusan ba sa bayyana a yankunan da aka share, rairayin bakin teku da kuma wuraren buɗe ido. Suna son gina gidansu a cikin sandar ciyawa da kuma ciyawar daji.
Dabbar tana kirkirar burbushin da kanta ko kuma ta yi amfani da ramuka da suka rigaya a cikin ƙasa: ɓacin rai na ɗabi'a, ƙananan fashewa, burbushin ɓerayen rami ko ramuka. Dabbar tana amfani da gidanta koyaushe. Zai iya barin ta kawai a cikin lamura biyu: ambaliyar ruwa, rashin abinci a lokacin hunturu.
Burrows yawanci kanana ne, amma sun kasu zuwa yankuna da yawa. Akwai babban yankin bacci, gidan wanka da kuma fita da yawa. Ficewa daya tilas ya shimfida zuwa tushen ruwa, na biyu zuwa daji. Burrow an lulluɓe tare da kayan ƙasa a hannu: fuka-fuka, gansakuka, ganye, busasshiyar ciyawa.
Gaskiyar wasa: Dangane da nazarin ilimin ɗabi'a daga shekarun 60, minks suna da ƙwarewar ilmantarwa ta gani. Sun fi ƙarfin kuliyoyi, sanduna da kayan kwalliya a cikin wannan ƙwarewar.
Kololuwar aikin wannan dabbar da dare. Koyaya, idan farautar dare bai yi nasara ba, mink na iya aiki da rana. Dabbar tana yin mafi yawan lokaci a kan tudu kuma tana neman abinci. A lokacin sanyi, ana tilasta wa waɗannan dabbobi yin tafiya sosai, saboda yana da wuya a sami abinci mai dacewa. Hakanan, dabbar tana ba da lokaci mai yawa don iyo. Yana shawo kan nisa mai yawa akan ruwa, nutsar da ruwa, yana kama kifi da yawa na amphibians.
Yanayin masu farautar daji ba ta da daɗi, amma ba ta da rikici ba. Minks sun fi son salon rayuwa shi kaɗai kuma ba sa kusantar mutane. Yana da matukar wahala ka ga irin wannan dabba a tsare. Takun sawun halaye ne kawai a ƙasa zai iya nuna kasancewarta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Minks a cikin yanayi
Lokacin saduwa don minks yawanci yakan kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, dabbobi suna aiki sosai. Maza da yawa na iya bin mace ɗaya lokaci ɗaya. Suna gasa da juna, suna raha. Wasu lokuta mummunan fadace-fadace na faruwa ga matar zuciya. Idan mace ta hadu, sai namiji ya bar ta. Bayan jima'i, manya suna rayuwa daban.
Dukan cikin cikin dabba mace ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci - kimanin kwana arba'in. 'Ya'yan galibi ana haihuwar su ne daga watan Mayu. Mace ba ta haihuwa fiye da yara bakwai a lokaci guda. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, ƙananan dabbobi suna kai kusan rabin girman babban mutum. A watan Agusta, sun girma zuwa girman su na ƙarshe. A lokaci guda, mace ta daina ciyar da yaran da madara. Suna koyon samun abinci da kansu, abincin su ya zama nama gaba daya. A lokacin kaka, 'ya'yan sun bar ramin uwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Minks sun isa balagar jima'i da watanni goma. Har zuwa shekara uku, waɗannan dabbobin suna da yawan haihuwa. Yawan lokaci, yawan haihuwa na mata yana raguwa sannu a hankali.
Jimillar rayuwar kananan dabbobi masu cin nama bai wuce shekaru goma ba. Koyaya, a cikin bauta, minks na iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci - fiye da shekaru goma sha biyar. Suna saurin daidaitawa da yanayin gida, amma koda bayan shekaru da yawa basu zama cikakke ba.
Abokan gaba na minks
Photo: Mink dabba
Abokan gaba na minks sun haɗa da:
- Dabbobin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Karamin dabba zai iya kashewa kuma ya cinye ta duk wasu mafarauta wadanda suka fi shi girma da karfi. Wadannan sun hada da lynxes, foxes, bears, Wolves. Amma mafi yawan lokuta mink din yakan fada ganima ga kogin otter. Otter yana iyo mafi kyau kuma yana rayuwa kusa da minks, saboda haka ana kama su da dabara dare da rana. Otters na iya cin abinci ba kawai tare da baligi ba, har ma da zuriyarsa;
- Tsuntsaye masu ganima. Asali, makiya manyan tsuntsaye ne: owls, ungulu mikiya, ungulu. A lokacin da dabba ke farautar ɓeraye da dare, mujiya ko mujiya na iya kama ta, kuma shaho zai iya kama tarko a rana;
- Mink na Amurka Minks suna da gasar tsaka-tsakin yanayi. Kamar yadda masanan dabbobi suka gano, jinsin Amurkawa da gangan sun lalata na Bature domin yantar da yankin ga kansa da danginsa. Koyaya, bayyanar baƙo daga ƙasashen waje ya sa ya yiwu a sauya hankalin mafarauta daga mink na Turai;
- Mutum. Maƙiyi mafi haɗari, wanda da gangan, kuma wani lokacin ba da gangan ya lalata waɗannan dabbobin ba. A yau, abin da kawai yake ceton minks daga mutuwa shi ne cewa sun fara yin girma a gonaki na musamman don samun fur.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cewar masana ilimin halitta, minks ba kasafai suke cin ganima ba. Babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwar dabbobi su ne yunwa, cuta da cututtukan kwari.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Mink a lokacin rani
Minks sune tushen asalin Jawo. Fushinsu yana da kwarjini saboda girman amfani, iya aiki, da juriya mai zafi. Dangane da inganci, ana ɗaukar gashin mink na Amurka mafi girma fiye da sauran nau'ikan. Ba haka ba da dadewa, ana samun fur ne kawai ta dabbobin farauta. Mafarauta cikin dabara suka sanya tarko a cikin hunturu, sun kama manya kuma sun sami fatunsu. Duk wannan ya haifar da raguwar saurin mink a cikin mazauninsu na tarihi.
Da sauri sosai, minks suka ɓace daga yankuna da yawa, kuma farauta ta daina biyan bukatun mutane a yawan furfura. Daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba, an kirar minks a cikin fursuna. Kuma a yau babban tushen fur shine gonakin fur, kuma ba yawan dabbobi ba. Wannan ya inganta yanayin sosai tare da adadin minks a cikin daji, amma ba zai iya magance shi gaba ɗaya ba.
Yawan wadannan dabbobi har yanzu yana raguwa. Wannan yana da tasiri daga abubuwa daban-daban: gurɓatar jikin ruwa, kama dabbobi, kishi tsakanin ƙananan maganganu. A halin yanzu, an lasafta masu ba da izini na Turai a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red a cikin adadi mai yawa na yankuna na kewayon halittarsu, IUCN Red Data Book. Haramun ne farautar waɗannan dabbobi a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya; adadi da wuraren zama suna ƙarƙashin ƙarin tsaro.
Mink kariya
Hotuna: Mink Red Book
Tun zamanin da, minks sun kasance waɗanda ake azabtar da mafarauta don kyakkyawan fur, dumi, tsada. A sakamakon wannan, jinsin Turai ya ragu sosai, kamar yadda ya rarraba yankin a kewayen duniya. Zuwa yau, akwai tsayayyen dokar hana kama waɗannan dabbobi. Godiya ga wannan, yana yiwuwa a dakatar da saurin ɓarnatar da minks, amma matsalar har yanzu gaggawa ce - yawan dabbobin ba sa ƙaruwa, amma a hankali yana raguwa.
An tsara jinsin mink na Turai a cikin Littafin Ja tun 1996. An yi la'akari da cewa yana cikin haɗari a yankunan Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan, Komi, a cikin Orenburg, Novgorod, Tyumen da sauran yankuna da yawa na Rasha.
Don kiyaye jinsin, an gabatar da matakan kariya masu zuwa:
- Haramcin harbi. Don fur, irin waɗannan dabbobi yanzu ana kiwon su a gonakin fur na musamman;
- Kiwo a cikin fursuna tare da saki mai zuwa zuwa yankunan kariya. Masana kimiyya sunyi kokarin hana bacewar dabbobi, sun hayayyafa cikin yanayi na musamman, sannan suka sake su cikin daji;
- Gabatar da haramcin lalata ciyayin bakin teku. Wannan yana ba ka damar adana wuraren da waɗannan dabbobin za su iya rayuwa kuma su hayayyafa;
- Shirye-shiryen haihuwa iri-iri, shirye-shiryen kiyaye dabi'u a Spain, Jamus, Faransa;
- Kulawa da yawa na dabbobi a mazauninsu, daidaitawar jama'a.
Ruwan tabarau - ƙaramin dabba, mai hankali da sassauƙa tare da gefen kirji. Shine babban abin kamun kifi a duk duniya. A cikin yanayin yanayi, nau'ikan nau'ikan mink na Turai suna raguwa a hankali, ana maye gurbinsu da Ba'amurke, wanda gashinsa ya fi ƙima da inganci. A saboda wannan dalili, ƙasashen da ke cikin mazaunin mazaunin minks ya zama tilas su ɗauki duk matakan kiyaye dabbar da ke cin karenta ba babbaka.
Ranar bugawa: 03/29/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 11:25
