Mutane da yawa sun san gwarzo na gaske tun suna yara mongoose mai suna Riki-Tiki-Tavi, wanda ya yi jaruntaka tare da maciji. Hotonmu da muka fi so, bisa aikin Rudyard Kipling, ya sanya dodo a idanunmu wayo mai hazikanci wanda ya cancanci girmamawa da girmamawa. A zahiri, wannan ƙaramin mai farautar yana da saurin aiki da aiki. Kyakyawan yanayin sa yana tafiya da kyau tare da ƙarfin zuciya da rashin gajiya. Kuma ba don komai ba ne yake da wata ma'ana ta ganin ido, saboda ya kasance daga yankin mata.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Mongoose
Mongooses dabbobi ne masu cin naman dabbobi na dangin mongo.
A baya can, an haɗa su cikin kuskure cikin dangin civerrid, daga wacce, kamar yadda ya juya, suka bambanta ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- Mongooses suna da fika waɗanda ba sa ja da baya kamar na civet;
- Wasu nau'o'in mongose suna rayuwa ta yau da kullun, wanda bashi da karɓa ga dangi;
- Mongoose bashi da yanar gizo tsakanin yatsun kafa;
- Mongooses sun fi son rayuwa ta duniya sabanin yadda ake amfani da arboreal viverrids;
- Ana iya ganin mafi girman aiki a cikin diga a cikin rana, wanda ba halayyar civet ba ce;
- Asirin wari a cikin mongooses ana ɓoye shi ta hanji na dubura, kuma a cikin viverrids - ta ƙwayoyin cuta ta dubura.
Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa mongoses tsoffin farauta ne, suna bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata a lokacin Paleocene. Ta hanyar bayyanar su, sun fi kama da weasels, wato, ferrets. Babban danginsu suna da nau'in 35 da 17 na asali. Dukansu sun banbanta, duka a cikin yankunansu na dindindin, da kuma wasu halaye na waje. Bari muyi suna mu bayyana wasu nau'ikan.
Bidiyo: Mongoose
Ana iya kiran farin gogon fari mai girma, wanda tsawonsa yakai kimanin cm 60. Yana zaune ne a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara. Saduwa da ganin sa ba abu ne mai sauki ba, saboda yana aiki ne da yamma.
Dodannen mongose ya rayu har zuwa sunansa, saboda shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta daga dangin mongoose. Tsawonsa bai wuce inci 17 ba. Yaron yana zaune a Habasha, ya isa mazauninsa har zuwa kudancin Afirka, kuma zuwa yamma - zuwa Kamaru, Angola da Namibia.
Mungo mai sanyin zobe, mai nasara da itace, ya zaɓi wurare masu zafi na tsibirin Madagascar. Lallai wutsiyarta mai jan launi an yi mata ringi tare da tsayin ta duka tare da ratsi baƙa. Wannan nau'ikan ba mai kaɗaici bane, amma ya fi son kafa ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin dangi, suna rayuwa bibbiyu ko kuma ba su da yawa a rukunin iyali.
Gurasar ruwa suna da mazauni na dindindin a Gambiya, inda suke rayuwa kusa da ruwan sha, galibi sun fi son wuraren dausayi. Wadannan mongooses suna da kalar baki mai kauri.
Meerkats suna zaune a Afirka ta Kudu, Namibia, Botswana, Angola. Waɗannan masu farautar suna rayuwa, suna yin yankuna daban-daban, kamar squan damfara na ƙasa, wanda baƙon abu ne ga rukunin dabbobi masu farauta.
Gwanin mongose na yau da kullun yana da haɓaka ta yanayi. Ya yadu ko'ina cikin yankin Larabawa.
Mongose na Indiya yana rayuwa, a zahiri, a Indiya, game da kusan. Sri Lanka. Wataƙila, shi aka bayyana a sanannen labarin Kipling, saboda macizai masu dafi sune ganimar sa.
Tabbas, ba kowane irin mongose aka ambata anan ba, saboda akwai adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu. Baya ga manyan bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci da mahimmanci, suna da siffofi iri ɗaya da yawa, waɗanda ke da daraja magana a kansu daban.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabbar Mongoose
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, mongooses suna kama da mustelids. Suna da ƙananan isa ga masu farauta. A cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, nauyinsu ya banbanta daga gram 280 zuwa kilogiram 5, kuma girman jiki daga 17 zuwa 75 cm. Wutsiyar dukkan nau'ikan doguwa ce kuma tana da ma'ana. Kan yana karami, mai kyau, tare da kananan kunnuwa zagaye a kai. Mulos din yana da tsawo kuma an nuna shi. Hakora a cikin nau'uka daban-daban, akwai daga guda 32 zuwa 40, suna kanana, amma suna da karfi da kaifi, kamar allurai masu huda fatar maciji.
Jikin mongose yana da tsayi da kyau, ba sa ɗaukar sassauci. Baya ga duk wasu halaye da aka lissafa, mongooses ma suna da karfi, kuma saurin tsallewa da suke yi yayin jifa yana sanyaya gwiwar wanda aka cutar. Claafatattun ƙusoshin hannu a kan ƙafafun yatsun kafa biyar ba su da ikon ɓoyewa, amma suna da matukar taimako a cikin faɗa da abokan gaba. Hakanan dodo yana amfani da su wajen hako rami mai tsayi.
Suturar dusar kankara tana da kauri kuma mara nauyi, wannan yana kiyaye su daga cizon macizai masu dafi. Dogaro da ƙananan yanki da mazauninsu, tsawon rigar na iya zama daban.
Launi na gashin gashi yana da bambanci, yana iya zama:
- Toka;
- Baki;
- Kawa;
- Haske launin toka mai launin ja;
- Redhead;
- Launi mai launin ja;
- Duhun cakulan;
- M;
- Taguwar
- Monochrome.
Bai kamata ka yi mamakin irin launukan ulu da ke tsakanin mangwaro ba, saboda waɗannan dabbobin ma suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan.
A ina mongooses ke rayuwa?
Photo: Mongoose a cikin yanayi
Iyalin mongoose sun bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar Afirka, kuma suna zaune a yankuna da yawa na Asiya. Kuma mongose na Masar ba'a samo shi kawai a cikin Asiya ba, har ma a kudancin Turai. Mutane sun gabatar da wannan dodo har zuwa yankin Sabuwar Duniya.
Abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa cewa an kawo dodo. Fiji don yaƙi da mamayar bera da musgunawa macizai masu guba, amma wannan hayar ba ta yi nasara ba. Magunguna ba wai kawai sun lalata berayen bane, amma sun fara yin barazana ga wasu dabbobin gida.
Misali, yawan iguanas da kananan tsuntsaye sun ragu sosai saboda farautarsu. Dukkanin abubuwa an bayyana su da cewa ire-iren wadannan mongoses din suna haifar da rayuwar yau da kullun, kuma beraye suna aiki da hantsi, saboda haka, shirin dabaru na wargaza beraye bai zama gaskiya ba. Mutum ya kawo mongoes zuwa West Indies, zuwa Tsibirin Hawaiian, zuwa nahiyar Amurka, inda suka zauna lafiya. Akwai nau'in mongose da ke rayuwa akan shi. Madagaska.
Kamar yadda kake gani, mazaunin mongose yana da yawa, sun dace da yanayi daban-daban.
Waɗannan ƙananan masu farautar suna zaune a cikin yankuna:
- Savannah;
- Jungle;
- Jerin tsaunukan da ke dazuzzuka;
- Koren ciyawa;
- Hamada da hamadar hamada;
- Garuruwa;
- Yankin teku.
Abun mamaki, yawancin dodanni ba sa guje wa gidajen ɗan adam kwata-kwata, suna yin tanadin masunansu a cikin magudanan ruwa da na biranen. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna zaune ne a cikin ramuwar duwatsu, kogunan rami, suna da'awar lalata rubabbun bishiyoyi, su daidaita tsakanin manyan tushe. Ga mongose na ruwa, yanayi mai mahimmanci na rayuwa shine kasancewar tafki, saboda haka ya sauka kusa da fadama, tabkuna, ramuka, koguna.
Wasu mongoes suna rayuwa ne a cikin wasu dabbobi da aka yashe, wasu kuma da kansu suke hako manyan hanyoyin karkashin kasa wadanda suke da cokula da dama.
Jinsunan da ke zaune a gandun dajin Afirka na amfani da kujerun samun iska na tuddai masu tsayi don gidaje. Asali, waɗannan dabbobi sun fi son rayuwa a duniya, kodayake wasu daga cikinsu (ɗan siririn Afirka da zolayan zobe) suna arboreal. Wasu nau'in mongose suna rayuwa har abada a wani yanki, yayin da wasu ke yawo. Latterarshen nan sun sami kansu sabon kogo kowane kwana biyu.
Menene mongoses ke ci?
Hotuna: Little Mongoose
Kusan koyaushe, kowane mongose yana samun abincinsa. Lokaci kaɗai suke haɗuwa don jimre wa abin da ya fi girma, dabarun da dwarf mongooses ke amfani da shi. Gabaɗaya magana, zamu iya cewa mongoses ba shi da daɗi a cikin abinci. Abincin su galibi sun hada da kowane irin kwari. Suna son cin abinci akan ƙananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye, cin abincin kayan lambu, kada kuyi girman kai.
Tsarin mongose ya kunshi:
- Daban-daban kwari;
- Rodananan rodents;
- Mamananan dabbobi masu shayarwa;
- Birdsananan tsuntsaye;
- Amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- Bird, kunkuru har ma da kwan kwai;
- Kowane irin 'ya'yan itace, ganye, tushe, tubers;
- Suna fadi.
Baya ga duka abubuwan da ke sama, mongose na ruwa yana cin kananan kifaye, kaguji, kwasfa, kwaɗi. Suna neman abincin rana a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci, a cikin rafuka, suna ɗebo ɗumbin ruwa daga raɓa da ruwa tare da ƙafafun faratan ƙafafunsu. Gwaggon ruwan ba koyaushe yake kyamatar gwada kwai ba, idan akwai irin wannan damar. Akwai keɓaɓɓun jinsunan bishiyar cin naman kaguwa waɗanda ke ciyar da akasarinsu a kan ɓawon burodi.
Sauran nau'ikan mongose suma suna sanya ƙafafun ƙafafunsu koyaushe a shirye idan suna tafiya neman abinci. Bayan sun ji ko sun ji warin ganima, nan da nan za su iya tono shi daga cikin ƙasa, don haka su sami rodents, kwari, gizo-gizo da larvae ɗin su. Anan ga nau'ikan jita-jita iri-iri waɗanda ke cikin abincin waɗannan ƙananan masu cin abincin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Mongoose
Dabi'u, halaye da dabi'un dodanni da ke rayuwa a cikin daji ya dogara da tsarin zamantakewar da suke bi. Domin Tunda su dabbobi ne masu farauta, nau'o'in mongose da yawa suna rayuwa daban, ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Anan, alal misali, zaka iya sanya sunan mongoose na Masar, mace wacce take da nata yankin kuma ta tabbata cewa babu wanda ya keta ta.
Maza masu jinsi iri ɗaya suna da filaye da suka fi mata girma. A wajen lokacin saduwa, mata da maza kusan basa ganin juna, uwa ce kadai ke tara 'ya'yanta. Mutane keɓantattu suna da halin rayuwar dare.
Wasu jinsunan mongose suna tafiyar da rayuwar gama gari, suna zaune tare da dukkanin dangi. Wannan shi ne abin da dodanniya ke yi, yana taimaka musu rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi, saboda su kanana ne kuma suna da matukar rauni. Adadin rukuninsu na iya kaiwa ga mutane 20, kodayake yawanci suna da kusan 9. Shugaban wannan ƙungiyar mongoose mace ce da ta manyanta.
Abin birgewa shine haɗin kai mai amfani ga dodanniya da ke zaune a cikin Hamada Taru, wanda ke cikin Kenya, tare da ƙaho. Magunguna da tsuntsaye suna tafiya farauta tare, tsuntsayen suna kama kwari masu firgita da dusar ƙanƙanyar kuma a lokaci guda suna kare jariran mongose daga haɗari ta hanyar kallo daga tsawo.
Ganin barazanar, ƙaho yana nuna wannan tare da kuka, kuma masu farautar nan da nan suka ɓuya. Don haka, wannan tsuntsu yana kare diga-daka koda daga tsuntsayen da ke farauta, su kuma birai, suna raba kwarin da suka kama da kaho. Ga irin wannan sabon haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci.
Har ila yau, dabbobin dawa da kuliyoyi dabbobin zamantakewar jama'a ne. A garkensu, za a iya samun wakilai 40 na dodo. Lokacin da suka tafi farauta ko kawai hutawa, mongose ɗaya koyaushe yana kan tsaro, yana duban ido da ido sosai. Baya ga neman abinci, ana iya samun mongoes suna yin wasannin nishaɗi waɗanda ke haifar da faɗa da kuma farauta mai kayatarwa.
Ana iya ganin Mangwaro suna tsefe gashin juna. A cikin tsananin zafin rana, dabbobin sun yi kabbara kusa da ramin nasu, yayin da ɗayansu ke cikin tsaro, a shirye yake ya yi gargaɗi game da haɗari tare da kuka a kowane dakika. Sautunan da mongooses sukeyi suna da banbanci sosai. Suna iya yin kuwwa, kururuwa da sowa, kuma ƙararrawa tayi kama da haushi na kare.
Don haka, mongose da ke zaune a cikin gama gari ya ba da fifiko ga ayyukan rana. Sau da yawa za su iya mamaye wasu ramuka na mutane, suna ɗauke su daga ɓarna, kuma idan sun tona nasu, suna aikata shi da zuciyarsu, suna gina dukkanin labyrinth na hanyoyin cikin ƙasa. Ba kowane irin dodo bane yake shirye don yaki mai karfi don rabon yankin su, dayawa cikin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali suna tare da sauran dabbobi. Duk da haka, ta yanayinsu, waɗannan dabbobin suna da hankali, masu rai, masu kaifin baki da ƙarfin hali.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Mai lalata Mongoose
Lokacin saduwa ga jinsunan mongose na faruwa ne a lokuta daban-daban. Bugu da kari, masana kimiyya basu san komai ba game da wannan lokacin a cikin dabbobi kadaici; bincike ya ci gaba har zuwa yau. Masana ilmin namun daji sun gano cewa matar na haihuwar yara 2 - 3, wadanda makafi ne kuma basu da murfin ulu.
Haihuwar haihuwa galibi ana yin ta ne a cikin ramin rami ko cikin dutsen da ke ramin dutse. Makonni biyu da haihuwa, jariran sun fara gani, duk wahala da damuwa game da rayuwarsu sun faɗi ne kawai a kan ƙafafun mahaifiya, maza suna barin nan da nan bayan sun yi aure.
A cikin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumman ɗumman ɗumammen ɗumbin yawa, lokacin saduwa shine mafi yawan karatu da bincike sosai. A kusan dukkanin nau'ikan, tsawon lokacin daukar ciki ya kai kimanin watanni 2, abin da ya keɓance shi ne mongoose mai ƙanƙan da hankali (kwanaki 105) da Indiya (kwana 42). Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar jarirai 2 - 3, wani lokacin ma akwai wasu (har zuwa guda 6) .. nauyin jikinsu yakai 20 g. Kubiyu na iya ciyarwa ba daga mahaifiyarsu kawai ba, har ma daga sauran matan garken.
Halin jima'i na dwarf mongooses yana da halaye irin nasa. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, garken yana iko da mace mai ƙwarewa ta jima'i, kuma abokin zamanta shine madadin. Dangane da dokokin al'ummarsu, kawai zasu iya haifar da zuriya, suna danne dabi'ar wasu. Saboda wannan, kowane mutum mai rikitarwa ya bar garken, yana manne da waɗancan al'ummomin inda za su sami offspringa offspringa.
Yawancin lokaci a cikin rayuwar maza mongoose masu zaman kansu suna yin rawar nannies, kuma iyaye mata suna neman abinci a wannan lokacin. Maza suna jan yara ta wuyan wuyansu zuwa wani keɓaɓɓen wuri idan sun ga haɗari. Manya sun fara ba yaran da suka girma abinci na yau da kullun, sannan su tafi da shi a farautar, suna koya musu dabarun samun abinci. Balagarcin samari da suka manyanta sun kusanci shekara daya.
Abokan gaba na dodo
Hotuna: Dabbar Mongoose
Ba abu bane mai sauki ga dabbobin daji a cikin daji da kuma yanayi mai tsauri. Tabbas, masu farauta ne, amma girmansu kadan ne don a sami kwanciyar hankali kwata-kwata. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa daddare suka fara farautar su da yamma, kuma gama gari mutane suna da tsaro. Yana da wahala musamman a wannan batun don dusar ƙanwar dodo, yana da kyau suna da irin wannan ƙawancen mai amfani kamar ƙaho, gargaɗi daga sama game da haɗari.
Daga cikin abokan gaba na dabbobin sun hada da damisa, karafa, barori, diloli, manyan macizai masu dafi. Za a iya ceton mongose daga gare su ta hanzarinsa, saurinsa, da ƙwazorsa, da saurinsa lokacin da yake gudu. Idingoyewa daga bin su, mongooses galibi suna amfani da hanyoyi masu sauƙi da amfani. Sizearamin girman yana bawa dodo damar tserewa daga gaban manyan dabbobi, wanda ke ceton rayukansu.
Mafi sau da yawa, a bakin masu farauta, dabbobin da ba su da ƙwarewa ko ƙananan ƙuruciya sukan haye, waɗanda ba su da lokacin tserewa cikin ramin. Kuma tare da farauta da manyan tsuntsaye, abubuwa sun fi muni, yana da wahala mongose ya buya daga gare su, saboda daga sama tsuntsayen za su iya gani fiye da karamar dabba. Harin tsuntsaye kuma saurin walƙiya ne kuma ba zato ba tsammani, don haka da yawa mongoes suna mutuwa ƙarƙashin kaifinsu da kaifinsu.
Game da macizai, wasu nau'ikan mongose suna tsananin yaƙi da su, saboda ba a banza suka zama jaruman labarin Kipling ba. Misali, mongose na Indiya na iya kashe wata kyan gani, ya kai tsawon mita biyu. Idan har yanzu macijin ya ciji dodo, to yana iya kaucewa mutuwa ta hanyar cin tushen maganin da ake kira "mangusvile", wanda ke sanya guba ta macijin, wanda ke tseratar da mongoron daga mutuwa.
Ya kamata a sani cewa mongose ba koyaushe yake gudu ba, wani lokacin ma sai ya yi fada da mai rashin lafiya, tare da nuna jaruntaka da ruhun fada. Bongles na Mongoose, suna ba da baya, suna fitar da hayaniya da hayaniya, suna ɗaga doguwar wutsiyarsu da bututu, suna cizawa da ƙarfi kuma suna harba ɓoyayyen ɓoye daga girar su. Waɗannan littlean ƙaramin ƙarfin suna da irin wannan ingantaccen kayan yaƙi na kariya a cikin bankin aladu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Dabbar Mongoose
Wasu jihohi sun gabatar da dokar hana shigo da kwandon dabbobi zuwa yankinsu, saboda an san shari'oi da yawa lokacin da aka shigo da su don yakar beraye, kuma sun fara yawaita sosai kuma sun lalata tsire-tsire da dabbobin gida. Baya ga wannan duka, sun fara farautar tsuntsayen gonar gida.
Idan aka kalli lamarin ta wani bangare daban, za a ga cewa nau'ikan nau'in mongose da yawa sun rage yawan mutanen su, kuma kadan ne daga cikinsu suka rage. Duk wannan yana faruwa ne saboda sa hannun mutum da ci gaban ƙasashen da waɗannan dabbobin ke rayuwa.
Yankewar bishiyoyi da kuma noman kasar domin amfanin gona suna matukar shafar rayuwar dukkan dabbobi, ban da diga-dago. Ana farautar dabbobi saboda wutsiyarsu mai cike da wadata.
Wadanda suka fi kowa rauni sune dodo da ke rayuwa a tsibirin. Madagaska, yawansu ya ragu sosai. Mutane da yawa sun hallakar da mongooses da meerkats na Javanese, amma har yanzu suna da yawa. An tsananta wasu nau'in Afirka ta Kudu da meerkats kuma an halaka su. sun yi imani sun kasance masu dauke da cutar hauka. Duk waɗannan ayyukan ɗan adam suna yin dusar ƙanƙara suna yawo kuma suna neman sabbin wuraren da suka dace da zama da kuma ci gaban rayuwa. Kuma tsawon rayuwar mongose a cikin daji ya kai kimanin shekaru takwas.
Ya rage a kara cewa ba a lura da daidaiton halittu tsakanin mongose: yawan wasu jinsunan ba su da yawa sosai, yayin da wasu kuma suka yi kiwo da yawa har su kansu suna zama barazana ga wasu mazauna yankin.
A ƙarshe, Ina so a lura da cewa ƙarfin zuciya, kuzari da saurin saurin mongoses sun sami shahara. A cikin girmamawarsu, ba kawai sanannen labarin Kipling aka rubuta ba, har ma a cikin 2000 sojojinmu sun ambaci kwale-kwalen masu sauri na jerin Mongoose na 12150, kuma sojoji daga Italiya a 2007 sun fara kera jirage masu saukar ungulu da ake kira Agusta A129 Mongoose. Wannan ƙaramin abu ne, amma mai rai, mai ƙarfi, mara gajiya da dabba mai cin nama - kyakkyawa mongoose!
Ranar bugawa: 27.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 8:58
