Kifi wata - ɗayan ƙarancin binciken kifin na teku na duniya. Duk da cewa yana jan hankali tare da bayyanarsa, ya zama sirri ga masu bincike a fannin ilimin lissafi da halayya. Zuwa yau, ba a san komai game da ita ba, kuma galibi waɗannan abubuwan kallo ne kawai na ɗabi'arta da salon rayuwarta. Koyaya, akwai kifi mai aiki don wannan kifin.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Kifi wata
Wannan kifin ya sami suna ne saboda bayyanar da ba a saba gani ba, kwatankwacin sura da wata. Memba ne na umarnin abin hura wuta kuma yana da hakora da murfin fata kwatankwacin tsari, rashin gefen gefen gill din. Misali, kifin puffer mai guba na wannan umarnin ne, amma puffer yana cikin yankin kifin-kare, wata kuma yana a karkashin kifin wata.
Umurnin kifayen kifi galibi sabon abu ne. Wadannan kifin suna dauke da sifofin jikin da basu dace ba kamar kwallon da murabba'i. Kifi daga wannan tsari yana iya sauƙaƙawa zuwa yanayin yanayin ruwa daban-daban kuma suna rayuwa a kusan dukkanin tekuna.
Bidiyo: Kifi wata
Wani, sunan Latin na wannan kifin shi ne mola mola, wanda ke nufin "dutsen niƙa", watau zagaye na'urar don dumama hatsi. Ana kuma kiran kifin "kifin rana" saboda yanayin zagaye. A Jamus, ana kiran wannan kifin da "kifin kifi" saboda yanayin ilimin halittar jikinsa.
Baturewan Burtaniya na kiran kifin wata da "Tekun Ruwan Sunan teku" kuma saboda yanayin da'irar da yanayin da ke tafe: wannan kifin yana son shan bahon rana, yana shawagi zuwa saman ruwa kuma ya daɗe a wurin. A zahiri, wannan halayyar tabbatacciya ce a kimiyance, tunda kwalliya tana da tasirin warkarwa akan kifin - suna cire ƙwayoyin cuta daga ƙarƙashin fatarsa da bakunansu.
Kifin wata shi ne mafi girman kifaye masu girman gaske, saboda nauyinsa na iya bambanta da tan ko ma biyu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Gwanin gama gari
Yawancin lokaci, tsayin wannan talikan ya kai mita 2.5, tsayinsa ya kai mita 2 (matsakaicin kifi ya kai 4 da 3 m).
Jikin kifin wata yana shimfidawa a bangarorin kuma yana tsawaita a tsaye, wanda hakan ya sanya bayyanar ta zama ba sabon abu ba. Za'a iya kwatanta jikinsa a cikin sifa zuwa diski - jirgin sama mai faɗi. Hakanan ana rarrabe shi da rashin rashi ƙarancin caudal saboda ƙananan ƙasusuwa na ɗamarar ƙugu. Amma kifayen na iya yin alfahari da "karya-wutsi", wanda aka samu daga jijiyar bayansa da fincin gwaiwa hade tare. Godiya ga sassauƙan ƙwayoyin cartilaginous, wannan wutsiyar tana bawa kifin damar motsawa cikin ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: a cikin 1966, an kama kifin wata, wanda yakai kilogram 2300. Wannan kifin ya shiga littafin Guinness Book of Record.
Kifin wata ba shi da kwazazzabo na waje, kuma kwazonsa yana bayyana kamar ramuka biyu na oval. Saboda wannan rashin tsaro, yakan zama wanda ke fama da cutar parasites ko kifin parasitic. Tana da ƙananan idanu da ƙarami baki, yana mai da shi lahani ga mafi yawan rayuwar ruwan teku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: kifin wata bawai yana da nauyin tarihi a tsakanin kifi mai kyau ba, har ma da gajeriyar kashin baya dangane da girman jiki: 16-18 ne kawai a kashin baya. Dangane da haka, kwakwalwarta ta fi na baya.
Wannan kifin bashi da mafitsara na iyo da kuma layin gefe wanda zai bawa kifi damar gano haɗari daga gani. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kifin ba shi da abokan gaba na asali a mazaunin sa.
Kifin ba shi da girman komai kuma an rufe fatar sa da laka mai kariya. Koyaya, a cikin manya, ana lura da ƙananan ƙananan kashi, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin "ragowar" masanan. Ba launi ba ne - launin toka da launin ruwan kasa; amma a wasu wuraren kifayen suna da haske. A yanayi na hatsari, kifin wata yakan canza launi zuwa wanda ya fi duhu, wanda ke ba da tsoro a duniyar dabbobi.
A ina kifin wata yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Moonfish
An kaddara kifin wata don rayuwa a cikin ruwan dumi na kowane teku, kamar su:
- Yankin Pacific East, wato Kanada, Peru da Chile;
- Tekun Indiya. Ana samun kifin wata a kowane bangare na wannan tekun, har da Bahar Maliya;
- Ruwan Rasha, Japan, Australia;
- Wani lokaci kifi na iyo cikin Tekun Baltic;
- A gabashin Tekun Atlantika (Scandinavia, Afirka ta Kudu);
- Yammacin Tekun Atlantika. A nan kifi ba safai ba, yana bayyana sau da yawa a kudancin Argentina ko a cikin Caribbean.
Da dumi ruwa, mafi girman adadin wannan nau'in. Misali, a yammacin Tekun Atlantika da ke kusa da gabar, akwai kimanin mutane 18,000 wadanda ba su fi girman mita daya ba. Kadai inda watan kifi baya rayuwa shine Tekun Arctic.
Kifi na iya saukowa zuwa zurfin mita 850. Mafi yawanci ana iya samunsu a zurfin mita 200 a kan matsakaita, daga inda suke yin iyo a wasu lokutan zuwa saman. Sau da yawa kifin da ya bayyana a sama yana da rauni da yunwa kuma ba da daɗewa ba zai mutu. A lokaci guda, yanayin zafin ruwan bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 11 na Celsius ba, saboda wannan na iya kashe kifin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An yi imanin cewa kifi na shawagi zuwa saman ruwa ba wai kawai don tsarkake kansu daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, amma har ma dumama jiki kafin yin ruwa zuwa zurfin.
Menene kifin wata ke ci?
Photo: Giant kifi wata
Abincin kifin wata ya dogara da inda yake rayuwa. Abincin dole ne ya zama mai laushi, kodayake akwai lokuta da irin wannan kifin ya ci ɓawon burodi tare da chitin mai wuya.
Yawancin lokaci kifin wata yakan ci:
- Plankton;
- Salps;
- Combs;
- Jellyfish;
- Eels da eel larvae;
- Babban kifin kifi;
- Sponges;
- Squananan squids. Wani lokaci fada yakan faru tsakanin kifi da kifi, wanda kifin, saboda karancin motsin sa, sai ya koma baya;
- Fishananan kifi. Sun fi yawa a farfajiyar ko kan tuddai;
- Algae. Ba zaɓi mafi mahimmanci ba, don haka kifi ya ci su lokacin da ya zama dole.
Irin wannan nau'ikan abinci da ake samu a cikin cikin cikin kifaye yana ba da shawarar cewa watannin suna ciyarwa a matakan ruwa daban-daban: duka a zurfi da kuma saman. Mafi sau da yawa, abincin kifin wata shine jellyfish, amma basu isa ba tare da saurin kifin.
Waɗannan kifin ba su da ƙaƙƙarfan motsi kuma ba za su iya bin abincinsu ba. Sabili da haka, an daidaita bakinsu don tsotse cikin babban rafin ruwa wanda abinci ke shiga cikinsa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Babbar kifin wata
Kifi yana rayuwa ta keɓewa, yana kaɗawa a cikin makarantu kawai a lokacin kiwo. Koyaya, akwai kifayen da suke ninkaya biyu-biyu na dogon lokaci ko ma duk rayuwarsu. A cikin makarantu, kifi ya ɓace idan har ya sami tarin kifin mai tsafta ko gululu.
Kifin ya dau lokaci mai tsawo a wani zurfin, lokaci-lokaci yana shawagi zuwa saman don dumama jiki da kuma tsabtace shi daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Lokacin da yake shawagi zuwa saman, baya shawagi a tsaye, kamar yadda yawanci haka yake, amma a sarari. Don haka yankin da ke jikinta ya ba da damar diloyen teku su sauka kuma su fara samun kwari daga ƙarƙashin fata mai kauri.
Ba kamar kifaye da yawa ba, firam din kifin wata ba sa motsi daga gefe zuwa gefe. Ka'idar ayyukansu daidai yake da oars: kifin rake a ruwa tare da su kuma a hankali yana motsawa a cikin zurfin. Amma soyayyen waɗannan kifin yana motsawa da fincincin da basu rigaya ya kafa kamar kifi na yau da kullun ba: hagu da dama.
Idan aka kwatanta da kifaye da yawa, kifin wata yana iyo a hankali. Matsakaicin saurin tafiya yakai kimanin kilomita 3 / h, amma kifin yayi tafiya mai nisa sosai: har zuwa kilomita 26 kowace rana. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yanayin kifin a tsaye yana ba ka damar ɗaukar igiyoyin da ke hanzarta motsinsu.
A dabi'ance, waɗannan kifin suna phlegmatic. Ba sa nuna zalunci ga nau'ikan rayuwar da ke kewaye da su kuma ba su da wata illa ga mutane. Duk da girman sa, kifin wata yana baiwa masu narkarda ruwa damar yin iyo kusa da su. Idan aka kawo hari, kifin wata ba zai iya yakar kansa ba, saboda bashi da laulayin da ake buƙata, kuma muƙamuƙansa ba su dace da cizon abubuwa masu wuya ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Kifin watan wata
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a cikin yawancin duniyar wata kifi ne masu ban sha'awa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ba a yi nazarin wannan nau'in ba, yana da wuya a faɗi tabbatacce game da ilimin halittar haihuwa. Amma masana kimiyya sun gano cewa kifin wata shine mafi kyaun kashin baya a duniya.
Lokacin saduwa yana faɗuwa kusan a lokacin bazara, lokacin da kifaye ke da damar zuwa zurfin ruwa. Wannan wani lokaci ne mai wuya lokacin da za'a iya ganin makarantar kifi. Saboda gaskiyar cewa kifayen suna tare a cikin wani karamin fili, galibi suna yin fage a wuri daya. Anan ne matsayin iyaye na kifin wata ya ƙare.
Babban kifin ya kanyi kwai har miliyan 300, daga nan ne tsutsotsi ke fitowa daga ciki. Larwarorin suna da girman ƙuƙumi na 2.5 mm, kuma suna da harsashi mai kariya a cikin hanyar fim mai fassara. A cikin yanayin tsutsa, kifin wata yana kama da na kusa da danginsa, kifin puffer. Sashin bayyanar kawai kariya ce ga larvae, tunda in ba haka ba ba su da kariya daga komai daga masu farauta da mawuyacin yanayin waje.
Qwai kifi na wata yana kwanciya a kudancin ruwan Atlantic, Tekun Indiya da Pacific. A cikin mazauninsu, kifin wata yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 23, ba safai yake rayuwa har zuwa 27. A cikin bauta, kifayen suna girma da sauri kuma suna kaiwa manyan girma, amma rayuwarsu ta ragu zuwa shekaru 10.
Abokan gaba na kifin wata
Photo: Kifi wata
Saboda gaskiyar cewa kifin wata yana rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, bashi da makiya na gari da yawa.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Zakin teku. Sau da yawa wannan mai farautar ba zai iya cizon ta lokacin farin ciki na kifin wata ba. Yana kama ta lokacin da take saman kuma yana cizon ƙafafunta, yana hana motsawa. Idan ƙarin yunƙurin cizon kifin bai yi nasara ba, zakin teku yana barin ganima a cikin wannan halin, bayan haka kifin ya nutsar kuma ya rage kifin mai kifi ya ci.
- Kifi whale. Kifayen kifayen da ke cin kifi kawai ke kai hari ga kifin wata, amma al'amuran ba su da yawa. Sau da yawa, cetaceans ba su da sha'awar wannan nau'in kuma suna watsi da shi. Kifi whale da suka kai wa kifin wata hari suna cikin yunwa ko tsoho don cikakken farauta.
- Sharks. Wadannan mahautan da yardan rai sukan kai hari ga kifin wata. Muƙamuƙin shark yana ba da damar cizon ta lokacin farin fata na kifin ba tare da wata tsangwama ba, kuma ragowar suna zuwa ga masu satar ruwa - ƙananan ɓawon burodi da kuma kifin mai kamun kifi. Amma ba a samun sharks a zurfin kifin wata, saboda haka irin waɗannan haɗuran ba su da yawa.
- Babban makiyin kifin wata shine mutum. Ba da daɗewa ba, kamun kifi don wannan nau'in ya shahara sosai, kodayake kifin kansa ba shi da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Sun samo shi a matsayin ganima, tunda ba da daɗewa ba kifin wata ya kasance mazaunin teku mai ban al'ajabi da rashin zurfafa bincike.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Babban Moonfish
Yana da wahala ayi kiyasin kimanin adadin kifin wata a duniya. Tana da kirki kuma ba ta da abokan gaba na zahiri, don haka babu buƙatar damuwa game da yawan wannan nau'in. Gurbatar teku yana daya daga cikin 'yan hadari da ke tattare da kifi. Sau da yawa suna tsotse cikin shara na roba da abinci, wanda ke toshe hanyoyin iska da haifar da shaƙa.
Duk da cewa kifin wata kwata-kwata ba dabba ba ce mai saurin tashin hankali, wani lokacin yakan yi karo da kwale-kwale ko kuma ya yi tsalle a cikinsu, wanda hakan wani lokacin yakan haifar da rauni da hadari. Haɗuwa irin wannan abu ne gama gari.
Kifin aiki don wannan kifin yana gudana har yanzu. Nama ba shi da daɗi, mai gina jiki da lafiya, amma ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne mai kyau a cikin ƙasashen gabas. Duk sassan kifin an cinye su, gami da gabobin ciki (wasu ma har an basu magungunan magani). Kifi wata ci gaba da binciken masana kimiyya. Babban fifiko a wannan lokacin shine nazarin tafiyar ƙaura da halaye na haifuwa.
Ranar bugawa: 06.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 18.09.2019 a 21:12
