Oneaya daga cikin fitattun wakilai na dabbobin ruwa, mai haifar da motsin rai daga haske, mai laushi, launi mai launi - aku kifin... Idan akayi la'akari da irin wannan halittar, mutum yana farin ciki da yadda dabi'a tayi "ba'a" da wannan halittar. Ana daukar su hoto kuma ana yin fim saboda ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan kyawawan mazaunan tekun dabbobi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: aku kifin
Masana kimiyya sun gano wannan kifin a cikin 1810 kuma, a lokaci guda, sun fara ganowa. Wannan jinsin an sa masa suna aku ko skar. Suna daga cikin kifin kifin mai rai-rai, umarni - wrasse. Sunan kimiyya na duniya don kifin Scaridae. Yana zaune galibi a cikin yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi, a cikin ruwan dumi, inda zafin jiki bai gaza + 20 digiri ba.
Wurin da aka fi so don kifi shine murjani. Suna tsayawa kusa da su kawai, yayin da suke ciyar da abincin da ke kan polyps. Ba ta da rikici, ko da ɗan kaɗan. Mutum na iya yin iyo tare da ita kwata-kwata cikin nutsuwa, kuma za ta ba da damar ɗaukar hoto. Kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa kifin yana iyo a hankali, yana da kyau a harbe su ta kyamara.
Amma akwai lokutan da mai nutsewa baya nuna haushi kuma zai iya kama "aku". Farin firgici zai yi rauni ta cizon haƙoransa masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke da ƙarfi kamar ƙarfe ko kuma ta bugu da jelarsa. Kuma daga abokantakar wannan kifin, ba wata alama da zata rage.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: aku kifin ruwan gishiri
Kifin ya samo sunanta ne saboda bakinsa, wanda yake kama da bakin aku - ba bakin da zai iya ja da baya ba kuma zai iya shiga cikin muƙamuƙin Girman babban mutum daga 20 cm zuwa 50 cm, akwai nau'in kifi daya, inda girman zai iya zama 2 - 2.5 sau girma (kore mazugi - Bolbometopon muricatum). Tsawon sa zai iya kaiwa 130 cm kuma nauyi yakai 40 kg.
Launi na waje launuka ne masu launin shuɗi, shuɗi, kore, tare da abubuwa masu launin ja, rawaya, raƙuman ruwan lemu. Launukan kifin suna da banbanci iri-iri: zaka iya samun kifayen da ke kore ko shuɗi na musamman, ko kuma suna da launuka iri-iri. Ko kuma mai tricolor, da yawa ya dogara da nau'in jinsin da suke, da kuma inda suke rayuwa.
Bidiyo: Kifin aku
Foreheadarfin goshi mai ƙarfi, jikin fusiform, da ƙoshin fuka da yawa. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙananan kifaye sun haɓaka sosai, amma idan ya zama dole don ɗaukar saurin, yana guje wa masu farauta, to fin - wutsiya da sauri ya kunna cikin aikin. Idanu tare da irises na lemu waɗanda ke gefen gefen kai.
Muƙamuƙin ya ƙunshi faranti biyu, wanda ya ƙunshi saitin hakora biyu. An hade su kuma suna ba da “aku” damar goge abinci daga murjani, kuma hakoran fatar ciki na murkushe shi. “Hakora an yi su ne da wani abu - fluoropatin. Yana daya daga cikin abubuwa masu dorewa, wadanda suka fi zinariya, tagulla ko azurfa karfi, kuma yana sa muƙamuƙi ya yi ƙarfi. "
Arshen ƙarshen ya ƙunshi spines 9 da haskoki mai laushi 10. 11-ray wutsiya. Sikeli suna da girma, cycloidal. Kuma akwai 25 vertebrae a cikin kashin baya.
A ina kifin aku ke rayuwa?
Photo: Kifi aku namiji
Gidajen kifaye "masu launuka" - mara zurfin raƙuman ruwa na Tekun Pacific, Indiya da Tekun Atlantika, da kuma Bahar Rum, Caribbean da Red Teas. Kuna iya samun kifin guda ɗaya da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi suna iyo a zurfin zurfin ƙasa, daga kimanin mita 2 zuwa 20.
Kowane kifi yana da nasa gida daban, wanda yake karewa. Saboda haka, yayin da suka taru a ƙananan garken tumaki a cikin sashinsu na tafki, suna korar duk wani baƙon da ya ci zarafin dukiyoyinsu. Wannan lokacin yana da matukar mahimmanci a gare su, kamar yadda a cikin 'gidan' su suke ɓoyewa da dare daga wasu dabbobin teku masu haɗari.
Masu ruwa-ruwa sukan gan su kusa da murjani saboda shine mazaunin da aka fi so. Divers fim da kuma daukar su hoto. Waɗannan kifin suna iyo a hankali, wanda ke ba da ranta sosai don yin fim. Ana iya ganin su ne kawai da rana, kamar da daddare kifin ya ɓuya a cikin "gidajen" su.
Abin takaici, irin wannan kifin ba za a iya ajiye shi a gida ba. Saboda kebantaccen tsari na hakora, wadanda ke bukatar wani abu na musamman na halittar hakora. Kuma waɗannan kawai za su iya zama murjani na sake-sake, wanda mutane ba sa iya wadatar da shi da kifi koyaushe.
Wuraren kawai banda rukunin ruwa inda zaku iya gani kuma kuyi nazarin wannan kifin a kusa shine manyan akwatin ruwa. A can ne ake samar musu da duk wani abu da ya dace domin kifin ya ji kamar a mazaunin sa. Kuma kowa na iya ganin irin wannan kyakkyawa kusa.
Menene kifin aku ke ci?
Hotuna: Shuɗin Kifin Shuɗi
Aku kifin akuya ne. Coral polyps da algae an fi so a matsayin manyan abinci. Sukan cire gaanyen algae daga matattun murjani, kuma ƙananan murjani da duwatsu suna faɗuwa tare da ciyayi a cikin ciki. Amma wannan ma yana da kyau ga kifi, saboda yana inganta narkewar abinci. Bayan narkar da invertebrates na cikin ruwa, kifin yana fitar dasu ta hanyar yashi, wanda daga baya ya sauka akan tekun.
Kifin aku yana kiyaye murjani daga mutuwa da shaƙatawa, saboda gaskiyar cewa suna cire samari daga algae daga murjani, kuma suna cin tsutsotsi, ƙwayai, shuke-shuke, da sauransu. Wannan tsari shi ake kira bioerosion. Saboda wannan, ana kiransu umarnin coral reef orderlies.
Suna son cin abinci a cikin lagoons. A can ne akwai adadi mai yawa na abubuwan da aka fi so da kifi. Suna ƙoƙari su isa can a babban igiyar ruwa. Wasu nau'in aku, wanda akwai nau'ikan sama da 90, suna ciyar da nau'ikan mollusc da sauran dabbobin benthic wadanda ke rayuwa a cikin zurfin teku.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: aku kifin
Rayuwar kifin galibi ita kaɗai ce. Yana ƙoƙari ya kasance a cikin yankin nasa, ba da nisa da mafakarsa ba, don ɓoyewa a cikin gidansa idan akwai haɗari. Waɗannan wuraren suna kusa da kwazazzabai na kogin murjani, kogwanni. Kuma ba ta barin mazauninta, tunda duk babban abincin yana kan tuddai.
Da zarar dare ya yi, sai aku daga bakin ya kan fitar da laushi a kusa da kansa, wanda ke samar da fim na musamman na kariya. Wannan kariyar tana hana warin daga kifin yaduwa da kuma masu farautar da suke farauta da dare ta hanyar amfani da ƙanshin su. Wannan hanyar kuma tana taimaka wajan warkar da raunukan da suka bayyana a cikin kifin daga cikin raƙuman ruwa, tun da ƙoshin yana da tasirin maganin antiseptik.
Don irin wannan aikin, kifin yana ciyarwa har zuwa 4% na duk ƙarfinsa, cikin yini. Irin wannan kariya ba ta barin sauran cututtukan shan jini, kamar su isopods, daga kungiyoyin crustacean, su kusanci. Don yaduwar ruwa a cikin kokon, kifin yana barin ramuka a bangarorin biyu wanda zai bawa ruwa damar wucewa cikin walwala. Da fitowar alfijir, sai ta cinye wannan fim ɗin da haƙoranta masu kaifi, kuma ta shiga neman abinci.
Wani fasali mai kayatarwa - kifin aku daya na iya samar da yashi mai nauyin kilo 90 a shekara, saboda tsarin abincin da ba a saba gani ba. " Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, duwatsu da murjani, na shiga cikin abinci tare da algae, suna fitowa daga gare ta a cikin fasasshen yashi. Ana iya samun irin wannan kyakkyawan yashi mai kyau a bakin teku, wanda aku ke cin cikinsa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: aku kifin Gishiri
A lokutan haihuwa, kifin aku yana taruwa cikin garken. Dole garken ya sami ɗa namiji ko biyu mafi iko da mata da yawa. "Amma yana faruwa ne cewa namiji ba ya cikin garken, sannan sai lokaci ya yi da mace daya, galibi mafi tsufa a garken, ta canza jima'i - don zama hermaphrodite."
Tsarin sake canjin jinsi yana gudana sama da makonni da yawa. Don haka, aku ya zama hermaphrodite. Hermaphrodites mutane ne da zasu iya haɓaka ƙwai da maniyyi. Irin wannan tsari na iya faruwa a cikin kifi cikin rayuwarsu - sau da yawa. Tare da banda nau'i ɗaya - marmara. Wannan nau'in ba ya canza jinsi.
Bayan haihuwa, ƙwai ya hadu da na miji, sa'annan ya tafi da na yanzu zuwa lagoons. Ci gaban ƙwai yana faruwa yayin rana, soya ya bayyana, inda suke da aminci ƙwarai a cikin zurfin lagoon. Anan ne larvae suke girma kuma suna cin abinci akan plankton.
Yayinda yake girma daga soya zuwa kifin baligi, matakai 2-3 sun wuce, inda suke canza launi. Soyayyen suna da launi mai ƙarfi, tare da ƙananan ratsi da speck. A cikin mutum wanda bai balaga ba, launuka masu launuka shunayya, ja ko ruwan kasa sun fi yawa. Kuma an riga an rarrabe da manya ta launuka masu launin shudi, kore, launuka masu launin shuɗi. Duk tsawon rayuwarta, kifin aku yana iya canza launinsa fiye da sau daya.
Da zaran soya ta fito daga tsutsar, ana tura su zuwa murjannar polyps, inda samari algae suke zama babban abinci. Suna kuma samun mafaka a can. Tsawon rayuwar kifin aku a cikin mazaunin ta ya kai kimanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11.
Abokan gaba na kifin aku
Photo: Kifin aku a cikin teku
Kifin aku ba shi da ruwan lantarki, ƙaya ko guba. Mucus kawai take amfani da shi don kare kanta. Sabili da haka, ɗayan hanyoyin kariya ita ce ƙamshi, wanda take amfani da shi ba kawai da dare ba, har ma da rana idan akwai haɗari. Kuma haɗarin zuwa gare ta na iya zuwa daga mutumin da ya kamo irin wannan kifin saboda ƙimar sa, ƙimar sa na abinci da abubuwan amfani.
Lokacin kama kifi da raga, kai tsaye kuma cikin adadi mai yawa yana fara sakin mai, amma, abin takaici, wannan hanyar kariya, lokacin da mutum ya kama ta ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman, ba shi da tasiri. Kuma ga mutane, wannan kwakwa ba shi da haɗari, akasin haka - yana da kyawawan abubuwa masu amfani da bitamin.
Makiya na iya haɗawa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke jini daga umarnin manyan ɓoyayyiyar ɓawon burodi - isopods. Sharks, eels da sauran masu farautar dare masu neman kifin aku da yanayin warinsu. Don fatattakar baƙi daga ƙasarsu, kifin aku yana taruwa a cikin rukuni. Ta amfani da kaifin motsi da hakora masu ƙarfi, ya tsoratar da su kuma ya kore su daga gidajensu cikin garken.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Kifi aku namiji
Akwai kusan jinsi 10 a cikin dangin waɗannan kifin:
- Green mazugi aku - 1 nau'in. Mafi girman kifi, wanda ya kai nauyin kilogiram 45 kuma ya kai cm 130. Suna rayuwa a matsakaici har zuwa shekaru 40, ana fentin mata da maza a launi ɗaya. Yayin fadace-fadace, suna iya yin buto tare da manyan goshinsu.
- Cetoscarus - nau'ikan 2: Cetoscarus ocellatus da Cetoscarus bicolor. Suna girma cikin tsayi har zuwa cm 90. Masu launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu m. An haife su hermaphrodites mata, amma sai suka canza jima'i. An gano wannan nau'in a cikin 1956.
- Chlorurus - nau'in 18.
- Hipposcarus - nau'ikan 2.
- Scarus - nau'in 56. Girman yawancin jinsuna ya kai cm 30 - 70. Yawancin jinsunan suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan dumi na Tekun Mexico da Tsibirin Caribbean. A can ne sauyin yanayi ke da dumi koyaushe, kuma yankuna masu tsire-tsire suna da wadataccen abinci don haɓaka da bunƙasar aku.
- Calotomus (Calotomy) - nau'ikan 5.
- Cryptotomus - nau'in 1.
- Leptoscarus (Leptoscars) - nau'in 1.
- Nicholsina (Nikolsiny) - nau'ikan 2.
- Sparisoma (Sparisoma) - nau'ikan 15.
A yau kimanin jinsuna 99 na kifin aku ne masana kimiyya suka sani. Amma babu wanda ya fasa gano sababbin iri, kuma, wataƙila, cikin shekaru 10 - 15, zai canza don mafi kyau ko mafi muni. Canje-canjen yanayi na iya haifar da sabon nau'in kifi ya bayyana, ko kuma yawan jama'a na iya raguwa.
Aku kifin na waɗancan wakilai waɗanda ke zaune a cikin duniyar teku don faranta musu da ra'ayoyi masu kyau. Suna amfanar murjani (ta hanyar tsarkake su), mutane, ƙirƙirar yashi da muke son tafiya a kai. Suna ba mu damar ɗaukar kyawawan hotuna kuma kawai mu burge. Wannan kifin ya cancanci sha'awar, koda kuwa yakamata ku ziyarci akwatin kifaye.
Ranar bugawa: 09.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/18/2019 a 21:06
