Babban panda - Wannan dabba ce ta musamman, wacce kuma ake kira beyar gora. A yau akwai yuwuwar bacewar wannan nau'in dabbobi gaba daya daga doron kasa, dangane da abin da aka sanya su a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya.
Beyar Bamboo alama ce da dukiyar ƙasa ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. An ba su lambar girmamawa ta mafi ƙarancin dabba a duniyarmu. Bears yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa, tsoffin tsoffin wakilai na duniyar dabbobi a duniya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Katuwar fanda
Panda mai girma dabba ce mai cin nama. Yana wakiltar dangin beyar, wanda aka rarrabe shi cikin jinsi da nau'in katuwar Panda.
Har zuwa yau, ba a fahimci asali da juyin halitta na baƙar fata da fari mai ban mamaki ba. Ambaton farko na wannan dabba, wanda masu bincike suka iya ganowa a yankin yammacin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, ya nuna kasancewar su kimanin shekaru 2750 da suka gabata. Wasu kafofin sun ambaci cewa tsohuwar khan na waɗannan lokutan can nesa tana da kyakkyawan lambu inda babban gora yake rayuwa a ciki. Bayan haka, binciken kwayar halitta zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa dabbobi, ko kakanninsu, sun wanzu a duniya aƙalla shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A zamanin da, katuwar panda kyauta ce mai matukar muhimmanci, wacce aka gabatar da ita a matsayin wata alama ta girmamawa da girmamawa kawai ga manyan mutane, masu daraja.
A cikin 1869, ɗan Faransa mai bincike kuma ɗan mishan Armand David ya yi tafiya zuwa yankin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. Ya yi karatun addininsa, haka nan kuma a cikin wakilai masu ban sha'awa da wakilai na duniyar dabbobi. A cikin ɗayan ƙauyukan lardin Sichuan, a kan shingen, ya sami fata fata da fari. Ya samo fata ne daga mazauna yankin bayan da suka fada cewa na wata dabba ce da ke zaune a yankin da ake kira bei-shung.
Bidiyo: Giwa Panda
An fassara daga yaren yankin, sunan dabbar yana nufin "farin dutsen dutsen." Mai binciken ya kwashe fatar dabbar da aka siya zuwa mahaifarsa, kuma shi da kansa ya yanke shawarar fara nema. Ya sami mafarautan yankin da suka yarda su sayar masa da dabbar da aka kashe a cikin farautar. Bayan haka, Armand David ya sarrafa shi kamar yadda mafarautan suka koya masa, kuma suka ɗauke shi zuwa mahaifarsa. Bayan sun karbi jikin wata dabba wacce ba a taba ganin irinta ba da kwarangwal dinsa, masana kimiyya suka fara nazarin asalinsa kuma suka kirkiro ka'idar juyin halitta.
Na dogon lokaci, ana daukar pandas dangin beyar da beraye. Bugu da ƙari, masana kimiyya sun ɗauka cewa ba su da alaƙa da siffofin raccoons fiye da beyar, kuma wataƙila ma fiye da haka. Koyaya, yayin gudanar da karatun kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan, an gano cewa suna da alaƙa sosai da beyar fiye da raccoons.
Zuwa yau, babu wata cikakkiyar ka'ida game da juyin halittar katuwar Panda. Dayawa sun dauke ta a matsayin kakannin beyar na zamani, ko mabiyan manyan dodo, ko martens. Koyaya, da yawa game da dabbobin sun yi imani cewa wannan dabba mai ban mamaki ba ta kowane ɗayan dabbobin da ke akwai ba.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Panda mai girman dabbobi
A waje, katuwar panda tana da tsarin jiki kama da na bea. Tsawon jikin mutum daya baligi ya kai mita biyu, nauyin jikin kilogiram 150-170. Baƙi da fari bears suna da girma, girma kai dangi ga jiki da gajeren jela. Tsayin katuwar panda a yankin kafaɗa ya kai santimita 68-75.
Abubuwan da aka fi sani da dabba sun ta'allaka ne da launinsa wanda ba a saba da shi ba - canza launuka masu launin baki da fari. Theafafu, idanu, kunnuwa da ɗamarar kafada baƙi ne. Daga nesa, da alama beyar tana sanye da tabarau, safa da rigar safa. Har yanzu masana kimiyyar dabbobi ba su iya tantance abin da ya haifar da irin wannan launi mai ban mamaki na katuwar fanda. Akwai sigar cewa yana haɗuwa da mazaunin farko. A da, katuwar Panda tana zaune ne a yankunan da ke da tsaunuka, tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara da dazuzzuka. Sabili da haka, alamun baƙar fata da fari sun ba dabbobi damar yin amfani da su.
Wani fasali na musamman na katuwar panda shine baculum, ƙashi wanda ake samu daga kayan haɗin kai a yankin azzakari. Irin wannan kashin yana nan ba wai kawai a cikin panda ba, har ma da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, amma kashinsu yana kan gaba, kuma a cikin gora na gora yana baya, kuma yana da kamannin S.
Beyar Bamboo na da girma, kafadu masu nauyi, wuya mai ƙarfi, da gaɓaɓɓun gaɓoɓi. Wannan tsarin jikin yana haifar da jin kunci da kasala. Katuwar Panda tana da muƙamuƙai masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka keɓe da manyan hakora da faɗi. Wannan tsarin muƙamuƙin yana bawa pandas damar yin kwalliya a kan gora mai tauri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Panda yana da takamaiman tsarin narkewa. Ciki yana da kauri sosai, bangon tsoka. A cikin hanji akwai babban tarin gamsai - abu na musamman tare da taimakon wanda narkewar abinci da tauri mai narkewa.
Wani fasalin dabba shine tsarin gaban goshi. Suna da yatsu shida. Biyar daga cikinsu ana riƙe su ɗaya, na shida kuma a keɓe kuma ana kiransa "babban yatsan Panda". Masana ilmin namun daji suna jayayya cewa wannan ba ainihin yatsa ba ne, amma tsari ne na nakasassu, wanda aka tsara don taimakawa dabba yayin aiwatar da riƙe rassan gora mai kauri.
A ina katuwar panda take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Giant Panda Red Book
Asalin ofasar gora ita ce Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. Koyaya, har ma a can, ana samun dabbar ne kawai a wasu yankuna.
Yankunan Panda mai girma:
- Gansu;
- Sichuan;
- Shaanxi;
- Tibet.
Abinda ake buƙata don zama na panda shine kasancewar itacen bamboo. Zai iya zama a cikin yankuna masu tudu, ko masu ɗamara, masu yanke shawara, ko kuma gandun daji.
A zamanin da, pandas kusan suna rayuwa ko'ina - a cikin tsaunuka da kuma filayen. Koyaya, ayyukan mutane, da kuma lalata dabbobi, sun taimaka wajen raguwar yawan mutanen babban panda. Waɗannan fewan tsirarun mutanen da suka rage a cikin daji sun gwammace su ɓuya daga ƙauyukan mutane a cikin tsaunuka.
Tsawon gangaren dutsen a wuraren rayuwarsu ya kai daga mita 1100 zuwa 4000 sama da matakin teku. Lokacin da hunturu da sanyi suka zo, pandas suna saukowa ƙasa, zuwa tsayin da bai wuce mita 800 sama da matakin teku ba, tunda babu irin wannan yanayi mai wahala kuma yana da sauƙi dabbobi su sami abinci da kansu. A baya can, mazaunin dabbobi ya mamaye yankuna da yawa, ciki har da Idokitai da tsibirin Kalimantan.
Menene katuwar panda ke ci?
Hotuna: Giwar Panda bear
Beyar ta sami suna na biyu "gora mai gora" saboda gaskiyar cewa tushen abincinsa shi ne gora. Yana samar da kashi 99% na abincin beyar. Don isa, babban mutum yana buƙatar adadin ganyen gora da harbe - kimanin kilogram 30-40, ya dogara da nauyi.
Dangane da cewa katuwar fanda ta mallakin masu farauta ce, tana iya ciyar da ƙwayoyin kwari, ƙananan kwari, tsutsotsi, da ƙwai tsuntsaye. Wannan abincin yana samarda furotin da ake bukata. Baya ga ciyayi da abinci mai gina jiki, dabbobi suna farin cikin cin ƙuruciya da ƙananan ganye na wasu nau'ikan ciyayi. Manyan pandas suna ciyar da kwararan fitila da iris.
Idan aka kiyaye shi a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, ana yiwa panda magani da zaƙi, dunkulen sukari. Baya ga abincin kara, yana ciyarwa cikin kamuwa da tuffa, karas, hatsin ruwa, da sauran abinci. Ma’aikatan wuraren shakatawa da namun daji, inda panda ke rayuwa a cikin fursuna, sun lura cewa dabbar ba ta da cikakkiyar fahimta a cikin abinci kuma tana cin kusan duk abin da aka ba shi.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, dabbobi na iya cin abinci a bishiyoyi da a kasa. Suna amfani da hakora masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi don cizawa da kama rassan reed. Dogaye, rassan sandar wuya da ganyaye suna tattarawa kuma panda ce ke riƙe su a gaba. Yatsa na shida na da matukar taimako a cikin wannan. Idan kun lura daga gefe, za ku lura cewa, duk da rashin kyawun waje, nauyi da kasala, dabbobin suna da lalatattu, cikin gwaninta da sauri amfani da wata gabar jiki da kuma rike mai kauri, dogon sanda.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A ƙarƙashin yanayi na ɗabi'a, tare da adadi mai yawa na abinci, dabbobi suna laulaye kansu zuwa juji. Sabili da haka, galibi suna iya zama masu kasala da kamewa. Tare da rashin abinci, suna iya matsawa zuwa wasu yankuna don neman gadajen ciyawa.
Beyar Bamboo ba ta shan ruwa da yawa. Bukatar jiki ta ruwa ta sake cika da samari, shuke shuke-shuke da ganye kore, waɗanda kusan rabin ruwa ne. Idan an gamu da ruwa a hanyarsu, zasu yi murnar maye.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Panda mai girman dabbobi
Pandas an halicce su da dabaru da sauri da kuma saurin hawa bishiyoyi. Duk da wannan, sun fi son kasancewa a ƙasa mafi yawan lokuta. Su kwararrun masu iyo ne. Dabbobi suna da hankali da ɓoye-ɓoye. Suna ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don ɓoyewa ga mutane. Dangane da wannan, mutane ba su san komai game da su na dogon lokaci ba. Lura da dabbobin da ke rayuwa cikin kamammu, mutane sun lura da mutunci, ɗaukaka. Beyar Bamboo suna nuna hali kamar wakilan gaskiya na mai martaba jini.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hali na musamman ne ke ba da matsayin masarauta, musamman ma abubuwan da pandas zasu iya ɗauka. A lokacin hutu, galibi suna zama kamar suna zaune a wurin girmamawa a kan karaga. Suna jingina tare da bayansu a kan bishiya ko wani tallafi, na iya sanya ɓangaren na sama a kan tsauni kuma su haye ƙananan gabobinsu.
Babu wani bayyanannen tsarin aikin dabba gwargwadon lokacin yini. Za su iya yin aiki a kowane lokaci na rana. Beyar Bamboo yakan kashe awanni 10 zuwa 12 a rana yana nema da cin abinci. Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi da ƙananan yanayin yanayi, suna iya yin bacci fiye da yadda suka saba. Koyaya, wannan kwata-kwata ba kamar son beyar hunturu ba.
Dabbobi sun fi son yin rayuwa ta kadaici. Baƙon abu ne a gare su su kasance cikin yanayin ƙungiyar. Kowace dabba tana da yankinta, wanda yake kiyaye shi sosai. Mata suna da kariya sosai. Dabbobi ma basa haifar da dogaye da ƙarfi.
Duk da cewa ana daukar pandas a matsayin dabbobin da ba su da sirri kuma suna ɓoyewa, suna iya sadarwa da juna ta hanyar sauti. Yaran da ke kiran mahaifiyarsu suna yin sautin kamar yin kuka ko kuka. Lokacin da pandas suka gaisa da danginsu, sukan fitar da wani abu kamar bushewar tunkiya. An nuna fushin da bacin rai na gora a cikin hum. Idan dabbar ba ta da wani sauti, amma a lokaci guda yana nuna haƙoran da suka ɓullo, zai fi kyau a kiyaye nisanku, tunda dabbar tana cikin fushi da fushi. Gabaɗaya, dabbobin suna da abokantaka sosai kuma ba sa saurin faɗa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Babban Farin Fanda
Pandas sanannu ne masu matukar kulawa, masu haƙuri da iyaye masu damuwa. Dabbobi sukan yi aure ne kawai don tsawon zaman aurensu. Wannan lokacin na yanayi ne kuma yana farawa da farkon kwanakin bazara. Kowace mace balagagge na iya haihuwar 'ya'ya sau biyu a shekara kuma ta haifi givea 1-2a 1-2. Lokacin da saduwa zata iya haifar da haduwar ciki takan dauki kwana uku zuwa hudu kawai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bayan jima'i, cigaban amfrayo baya farawa nan take. Daga lokacin saduwa zuwa farkon cigaban amfrayo, zai iya daukar daga wata daya zuwa 3-4! Don haka, yanayi yana kiyaye matasa, zaɓi zaɓin yanayi mai kyau don haifuwarsu.
Lokacin haihuwa shine kimanin watanni biyar. Ana haihuwar jarirai kwata-kwata ba abin da suke gani - ba su ga komai ba. Cubs ana haifuwarsu kanana. Nauyin jariri da ƙyar ya kai gram 150. Kubiyou ba su dace da rayuwa a cikin mahalli ba kuma sun dogara gaba ɗaya da mahaifiyarsu. Bugun, ko da menene ta yi, yana kusa da ɗanta koyaushe. Yaran da aka haifa suna cin abinci sosai a farkon watannin rayuwa. Adadin ciyarwar ya kai sau 15 a rana. Bayan watanni biyu, yaran suna auna kilogram hudu, kuma zuwa wata shida suna samun kusan goma.
Kimanin wata daya, yaran sun fara gani kuma sannu a hankali ana rufe su da gashi. Idan sun kai wata uku, sai su fara tafiya. Yara suna fara motsawa da kansu kuma suna nazarin sararin samaniya kawai shekara guda. Suna cin daidai adadin ruwan nono. Suna buƙatar wasu watanni 6-8 don daidaitawa da yanayin. Bayan wannan, sai su fara rayuwa ta ware.
Idan mace ta haifi cuba twoa biyu, mafi yawanci takan zaɓi mafi ƙarfi kuma mai amfani kuma ta fara kulawa da ciyar da shi. Makomar mafi rauni shine mutuwa ta yunwa. Lokacin da kiwo yake cikin kamuwa, mutane galibi sukan yaye ɗan da aka ƙi kuma sau da yawa suna musanya shi da ɗa mai ƙarfi har sai ya sami 'yanci.
Lokacin balaga a cikin baƙar fata da fari bears yana farawa bayan ya kai shekaru 5-7. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar gora a yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 15-17. A cikin bauta, zasu iya rayuwa kusan sau biyu.
Abokan gaba na manyan pandas
Hotuna: Katuwar fanda
Lokacin rayuwa cikin yanayin halitta, kusan Panda bashi da abokan gaba tsakanin dabbobi. A wasu keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu, yana iya zama ganimar damisa mai gajimare ko jan kerkeci. Koyaya, waɗannan dabbobin ba su da yawa a yau. A yau, ana amfani da beyar gora kuma yana da matsayin nau'in haɗari. Ragowar raguwa cikin waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki ana lura da su ne sakamakon aikin ɗan adam.
Mutum ya kasance babban maƙiyin maƙiyin panda. Bears koyaushe na kyauta ne da kyautatawa ga mutane, wani lokacin suna barin su kusa da su. Mutum yana amfani da wannan, yana kashe dabbobi ba tare da tausayi ba saboda furtawa mai mahimmanci, wacce take da daraja ƙwarai a kasuwar baƙar fata. Sau da yawa suna farautar beyar gora, suna kama su don gidan zoo.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Panda mai girman dabbobi
Zuwa yau, panda mai girman gaske tana cikin littafin Red Book na duniya tare da matsayin "nau'in da ke cikin hatsari". Adadin dabbobi a yanayin yanayi bai wuce mutane dubu biyu ba. An sami raguwar lambobi ta hanyar rashin haihuwa, gami da farauta a wani babban sikelin. Rashin tushen abinci da lalata yankuna na mahalli na dabbobi shima yana taimakawa ga raguwar yawansu. An lura da haɓakar gora sama da shekaru 20. Bayan fure, sai ya mutu. Ya zama cewa gaba ɗaya gabaɗaya gonaki da gandun daji suna mutuwa kawai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, babu wasu shirye-shirye don adana adadin dabbobin da suka yi aiki kuma an kashe su ba adadi mai yawa saboda fur mai tamani da tsada.
A farkon karni na 21, kwatsam dan Adam ya fahimci irin barnar da aka yi wa wannan nau'in. A yankin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, ana kirkirar wuraren ajiya da wuraren shakatawa na kasa, inda suke kokarin samar da duk wasu sharuda na kiyaye jinsin da kuma yaduwarsa. Koyaya, kowa ya san cewa beyar gora ba ta da daɗin jima'i da haihuwa. Dangane da wannan, kowane jariri da aka haifa a cikin bauta wata ƙaramar nasara ce ga masu ilimin dabbobi.
Kare manyan pandas
Giant panda Red Book
Don kare wannan nau'in dabbobi, an sanya su a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya. A China, kisan kai ko yanke jiki na fuskantar hukunci mai tsanani. A wannan ƙasar, ana ɗaukar dabba a matsayin dukiyar ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai dadi: A cikin 1995, wani manomin yankin ya kashe dabba. A kan wannan laifin, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai.
A halin yanzu, godiya ga ƙirƙirar ɗimbin adadin ajiyar yanayi da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, yawan gora a hankali yana ƙaruwa. Akwai irin waɗannan ajiyar a cikin Shanghai, Taipei, San Diego, Atlanta, Memphis, Koriya ta Kudu. Hakanan, manyan pandas sun hayayyafa a cikin fursuna a Gidan Zoo na Amurka na Amurka. Saboda karuwar yawan mutane a shekarar 2016, an canza yanayin dake cikin hadari zuwa jinsin masu rauni.
Babban panda yana daya daga cikin dabbobi masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki a duniya. Ita jaruma ce ta yawancin zane-zane, an ƙawata hotonta da adadi mai yawa na tambura da tambura. Asusun kula da namun daji na Duniya shima banda haka.
Ranar bugawa: 28.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/15/2019 a 19:23
