Giant kangaroo yana zaune a Ostiraliya. Hakanan za'a iya kiransa kangaroo mai launin toka saboda launinta da yankinta. Duk da cewa a cikin girma da nauyi sun kasa da jan kangaroo, wakilan wannan nau'in dabbobi na musamman sune shuwagabannin da basu da jayayya a tsalle, haka nan kuma a cikin ikonsu na bunkasa saurin gudu. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa wannan nau'ikan flora da fauna na Australiya ne suka fi buɗewa don tuntuɓar mutane. Kangaroos an daɗe ana ɗaukarsa dabbobi mafi ban mamaki da ban sha'awa waɗanda ke akwai a duniya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Giant kangaroo
Manyan kangaroos suna cikin rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa, umarnin marsupials masu sau biyu, dangin kangaroo, jinsin katuwar kangaroos, da wani nau'in kangaroos na gabas mai launin toka. An gano dabbobin ne kawai lokacin da wani mai bincike kuma masanin tarihi dan kasar Holland ya gano Ostiraliya a cikin 1606. Mazauna yankin na lokacin suna kiran dabbar "genguru". Dabbobin da ke waje sun yi farin ciki kuma sun ruɗe masana kimiyya da masu bincike.
Don gano asalin halittar dabba, masu bincike, masanan kimiyyar dabbobi sun gudanar da bincike mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta da sauran bincike. Sun gano cewa tsoffin magabatan kangaroos na zamani procoptodons ne. Ba su san yadda ake tsalle kamar wakilan zamani na dangin kangaroo ba. Sun kasance suna motsawa a kan ƙafafunsu na baya. Procoptodons ya bace tun kimanin shekaru miliyan 15 da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Giant Kangaroo
Masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar cewa musky kangaroo bera shine tsoffin kakannin kangaroo wanda ya haifar da juyin halitta. Waɗannan dabbobin ba su da nauyin da bai wuce rabin kilogiram ba kuma sun daidaita daidai da kowane yanayin mahalli. Wai, berayen musk sun bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata. Za su iya zama a ƙasa da kuma cikin bishiyoyi.
An dauke su kusan komai. Suna iya cin tushen tushen tsirrai daban-daban, ganyaye, fruitsa fruitsan bishiyoyi da shrubs, iri, da dai sauransu. Sannan berayen kangaroo sun haifar da nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa. Wasu sun zabi gandun daji a matsayin mazauninsu, wasu sun fara bunkasa kwari da yankuna masu fadi. Nau'i na biyu na dabbobi ya zama mai amfani. Sun koyi haɓaka babban gudu - fiye da kilomita 60 / h, da kuma ciyar da busassun nau'in ciyayi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: katuwar dabbar kangaroo
Kangaroo mai launin toka mai launin toka zai iya kaiwa tsayin mita uku. Nauyin jikin babban mutum daya ya kai kilogram 70-85. A cikin dabbobi, ana bayyana dimorphism na jima'i. Mata suna da ƙarancin girma da nauyin jiki ga maza.
Abin sha'awa! Girman jikin mata na tsayawa tare da farkon balaga. Maza suna ci gaba da ƙaruwa kusan a rayuwarsu. Wasu mazan sun fi matan ninki har sau 5-7.
Kan dabba kanana ne, mai manyan kunnuwa. Ananan, idanu masu kamannin almon suna lashes lashes. Suna da aikin kariya, suna hana shigowar ƙura da yashi. Hancin kangaroo yayi baki. Dabbobin suna da ƙanƙanin ƙananan muƙamuƙi sosai. Gefunan gefenta suna nannade ciki. Yawan hakora 32-34. An tsara haƙoran ne don tauna abinci na shuke-shuke don haka ba su da tushe. Hakoran Canine sun ɓace. Idan aka kalli kangaroo, da alama ƙafafunsu na sama ba su ci gaba ba. Idan aka kwatanta da na baya, sun yi gajarta da ƙananan. Legsafafun baya suna da girma. Suna da ƙarfi sosai tare da dogon, ƙafa mai tsayi. Godiya ga wannan tsari na ƙafafu, dabbobi suna iya haɓaka saurin gudu kuma su zama jagorori a tsalle masu tsayi.
Abin sha'awa! Dabbobi suna iya zuwa saurin zuwa 65 km / h kuma suna tsalle zuwa tsayi zuwa mita 11-12 a tsayi.
Har ila yau, wutsiya tana da aiki mai mahimmanci. Dogo ne da kauri. Ana amfani da wutsiya a matsayin tuƙin jirgi yayin motsawa, kuma yana taimakawa wajen kawar da abokin hamayyar yayin faɗa kuma ya zama tallafi yayin zaune. Tsawon wasu mutane ya wuce mita daya. Abin lura ne cewa idan dabbobi suna hutawa, to nauyin jikinsu yana sauka akan ƙashin ƙashin baya. Don tsallewa, suna amfani da yatsunsu na huɗu da na biyar na kowane ƙashin baya. Toan yatsun na biyu da na uku sune maɗaura masu ƙafafu da dogaye. Ana amfani dasu don gyaran gashi. Yatsun farko babu. Gaban goshin na da ƙananan hannuwa tare da farce. Kangaro suna amfani da su da kyau kamar hannaye. Suna iya ƙwace abinci, tono ƙasa, kuma suna iya bugun abokan adawar.
Abin sha'awa! Abin mamaki, ana amfani da ƙafafun kafa a matsayin hanyar kayyade yanayin zafi. Dabbobi na lasar su, kuma yayin da miyau suka kafe, yana sanyaya jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini na sama, yana rage zafin jikin.
Launi na sutura galibi launin toka ne. Ila ya ɗan bambanta gwargwadon yankin wurin zama. Yankin gefen goshin goshi da gefe ya fi launi fiye da ƙananan jiki. Maza suna da duhu fiye da mata koyaushe.
A ina katuwar kangaroo take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Grey Oriental Kangaroo
Kowa ya san cewa kangaroo 'yar asalin Australia ce. Koyaya, wannan ba shine yanki kawai na mazauninsu ba.
Yankin kasa inda katuwar kangaro ke rayuwa:
- Ostiraliya;
- Tasmania;
- New Guinea;
- Bismarck Archipelago;
- Hawaii;
- New Zealand;
- Tsibirin Kawau.
Dabbobi na iya kasancewa a cikin yankuna daban-daban na yanayi, daga bushe, yanayin Australiya mai zafi a cikin yankuna na tsakiya zuwa yankuna masu zafi mai zafi a kusa da nahiyar. Waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki sam ba sa jin tsoron mutane, don haka za su iya zama kusa da ƙauyukan mutanen da ba su da yawa. Hakanan ƙasar gonakin da ke yankin ta jawo hankalin su, tunda koyaushe zaka iya samun abinci a wurin. Manoma galibi suna ciyar da dabbobin da kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da sauran albarkatun gona da aka shuka a gonar. A mafi yawancin lokuta, katuwar kangaroos dabbobi ne na doron ƙasa waɗanda suka fi son shimfida ƙasa tare da ciyawar ciyawa da ciyayi a matsayin wuraren zama.
Akwai wasu nau'ikan dabbobin da suka dace da rayuwa a bishiyoyi, haka kuma a wuraren tsaunuka. Mafi yawan dabbobi sun fi yawa ne a kudancin Australia a cikin jihar Queensland, Victoria, New Wales. Hakanan wuraren da aka fi so don sasantawa sune wuraren kogin Darlene da Murray. Bude kwaruruka, gami da dazukan ruwan sama kusa da hanyoyin ruwa, suna jan hankalin dabbobi da nau'ikan abinci da yalwa.
Menene katuwar kangaroo ta ci?
Hotuna: Giant Kangaroos a Ostiraliya
Marsupials suna dauke da shuke-shuke. Suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan abincin tsirrai. Saboda bambance-bambancen tsarin ƙananan muƙamuƙi, da kuma hanyar narkewa, rashi canines, suna iya taunawa da narkar da abinci na tsire-tsire kawai. Haka kuma, yana iya zama mara dadi da busassun ciyayi. Duk abin da dabbobi zasu iya kamawa da abin da ke kusa na iya zama tushen abinci.
Abin da kangaro zai iya ci:
- Tushen shrub, ganye;
- Bar, matasa harbe;
- Suna son eucalyptus da acacia ganye;
- 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace;
- Kodan;
- Tsaba;
- Alfalfa;
- Clover;
- Legumes a lokacin fure;
- Ciyawar itace kanwa.
Dabbobin da ke rayuwa a dazuzzuka, da kuma wuraren waha na hanyoyin ruwa, suna da damar da za su ci ciyawa da yawa, iri-iri. Kangaroos, wanda ke zaune a tsakiyar yankin Ostiraliya tare da bushe, yanayi mai ɗumi, ana tilasta masa cin tsire-tsire masu bushewa, ƙaya. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa maza suna ɗaukar kusan awa ɗaya da rabi don su cika fiye da mata. Koyaya, mata, musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da ɗawainiyar theira youngansu, suna zaɓar nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda suka fi wadataccen furotin.
Ana rarrabe wakilan marsupial na flora da fauna na Australiya ta hanyar rashin dacewar abinci. Kuma abu ne mai sauki a canza abincin, yayin cin abinci har ma da irin wadannan ciyayi wadanda ba su taba cin irinsu ba. Kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itacen da aka girma a yankin gonaki ana ɗaukarsu ta musamman a gare su. Da kyar Marsupials ke amfani da ruwa, tunda da yawa a jiki yana shiga jiki da tsirrai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Giant kangaroo
Katuwar kangaroos dabbobi ne da ke rayuwa cikin rukuni. Waɗannan ƙananan rukuni ne na dabbobi, waɗanda suka haɗa da ɗaya ko fiye maza da mata da yawa, har ma da upan upan tsalle Matsayin jagora an sanya shi ga namiji. 'Ya'yan da suka girma sun bar danginsu don gina nasu. Existsungiyar ta wanzu cikin tsattsauran matsayi. Shugabanni suna da mafi kyaun wurin kwana da hutawa, da abinci mai ɗanɗano da mai daɗi.
Abin lura ne cewa baƙon abu ne ga ƙungiyoyin kangaroos su mallaki wasu yankuna, sabili da haka, duk ƙiyayya ga mahalli babu su a cikinsu. Idan mazaunin yana dauke da adadin abinci da ake bukata, da kuma yanayin yanayi mai kyau, kuma babu masu farauta, kangaroos na iya kafa kungiyoyi da yawa, wadanda suka hada da mutane 7-8 dozin. Suna iya kawai, ba tare da wani dalili ba, su bar shafin da suka sauka su tafi wani wuri.
Suna aiki sosai a dare da dare. Wannan yana rage haɗarin farautar dabbobi masu farauta. Da rana sun fi son hutawa, ko kwana a wani yanki mai inuwa, waɗanda aka ɓoye daga tsananin zafin. Don zama na dindindin, dabbobi suna haƙa wa kansu ramuka da ƙafafunsu na gaba, ko gina gida daga ciyawa da sauran nau'ikan ciyayi. Da zarar kowane memba na kungiyar ya ji gab da fuskantar hadari, sai ya fara buga kasa da gabansa yana yin wasu sautuka wadanda suka yi kama da latsawa, gurnani ko busa. Sauran rukunin suna ganin wannan a matsayin alama ce ta guduwa.
Abin sha'awa! A matsayin hanyar kare kai da kariya, kangaroos suna amfani da gabobin hannu na baya, waɗanda ke da tasirin tasiri sosai.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Giant Kangaroo Cub
Babu wani takamaiman lokaci na shekara lokacin da lokacin saduwa ya fara. Zasu iya haifuwa duk shekara. Maza suna gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin kula da mace. Ya yi kama da yaƙin mutane ba tare da dokoki ba. Dabbobi na tsaye a bayan gabobinsu, suna dogaro da wutsiyoyi, kuma suna fara doke juna da goshin gabansu. A cikin irin wannan faɗa, za su iya cutar da juna sosai. Maza suna yin alama a yankin tare da yau, wanda ke da ƙamshin ƙamshi. Zai iya barin irin waɗannan alamun a kan ciyawa, bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi, da kuma a kan mata, waɗanda ke jan hankalinsu. Don haka, suna ba da bayani ga wasu mazan cewa wannan mace ta riga ta aiki.
Mata na isa balaga a kusan shekaru 2-2.5. A cikin maza, wannan lokacin yana faruwa da ɗan lokaci. Tare da shekaru, maza suna karuwa cikin girma, wanda hakan ke ƙara musu damar cin nasarar gwagwarmayar neman toancin shiga cikin zamantakewar aure. A wasu rukuni, mafi girman namiji na iya yin yawancin saduwa.
Ciki yana ɗaukar wata ɗaya kawai. Abin lura ne cewa dabbobi basu da mahaifa kuma suna da farji kamar uku. Ofayansu an yi niyyar ɗauke da haihuwar jariri, ɗayan biyun kuma don aikin matarwa ne. Mafi yawanci, mace daya tak take haihuwar 'ya' ya daya. Sakamakon rashin mahaifa, ana haifar jariran kangaroo da rauni, rashin ci gaba da rashin taimako. Bayan haihuwa, mace tana canza su zuwa jakarta. Can sai su manne kan nono su kwashe kusan shekara guda, har sai sun sami karfi sun girma. A cikin jariran da ba su ci gaba ba, haɓakar tsotsa ba ta ci gaba ba, saboda haka mace da kanta ke daidaita yaƙar madara zuwa ƙwanƙwasa ta hanyar rage wasu gungun ƙungiyoyi. Yaran suna cikin jakar uwa har sai ta sami sabbin offspringa offspringa.
Abokan gaba na katuwar kangaroos
Hoto: katuwar dabbar kangaroo
A cikin mazauninsu na asali, marsupials basu da makiya da yawa. Babban kuma mafi mahimmanci maƙiyi shine karnukan dingo. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawansu ya ragu sosai, wanda ke da fa'ida ga yawan kangaroo. Baya ga karnukan dingo, dabbobin daji, da manyan 'yan mata suna iya cin ganimar kangaroos. Manyan masu farauta masu fuka-fukai na da hatsari musamman ga kangaroos. Sau da yawa suna farautar kangaroos, suna iya fitar da su da ƙusoshin hannu daidai daga ƙafafun mahaifiyarsu. Dabbobi kuma ana kashe su ta hanyar gobara wacce ke yaduwa tare da saurin walƙiya a wurare masu yawa a cikin yanayi mai zafi da bushewa.
Taimakawa ga raguwar mutane da ayyukan ɗan adam. Mutane suna ci gaba da haɓaka yankuna da yawa, suna lalata mahalli na dabbobi, kuma suna kashe su don kare gonakinsu. A kowane lokaci, ana kashe kangaroos don neman nama da fata. Ana ɗaukar naman dabbobi a matsayin kalori-kalori, abinci mai narkewa cikin sauƙi. Koyaya, yana da ɗan tauri, ban da nama a yankin wutsiya. Fatar dabba ma tana da daraja sosai. Mutanen oran asalin ƙasar suna ƙimanta shi sosai saboda ƙarfi da dumi. Ana iya amfani da shi don yin bel, jakunkuna, walat, da sauran abubuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Grey Oriental Kangaroo
A yau, yawan katuwar kangaroos sun kai kimanin mutane 2,000,000 a duniya. Idan aka kwatanta, kimanin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan mutane a duniya ya kai kimanin mutane 10,000,000. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami kwanciyar hankali a cikin haɓakar adadin mutane. A yau, dabbobi ba sa cikin haɗari. Suna haɓaka haifuwa a cikin mazauninsu na asali. A Ostiraliya, har ma a matakin doka, ana ba da izinin farauta bayan mallakar lasisi.
A farkon karni na 20, yawan marsupials ya ragu sosai saboda karuwar karuwar karnukan dingo, wadanda sune manyan makiyan kangaro a yanayi. Manoma sun kuma yi musu kisan gilla, wanda suka yi mummunar barna, suka lalata amfanin gonarsu. Yau, ba a yi barazanar yawan katuwar kangaroos ba. Babu matakan da aka dauka don karewa da haɓaka jinsunan. Dabbobi na iya yin hulɗa da mutane da kyau, suna jin daɗin zaman bauta.
Ranar bugawa: 19.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 16.09.2019 a 0:15
