Da ganin wannan kyakkyawar halittar, da yawa suna ihu suna cewa: "Yaya ɗan beyar mai ban mamaki!" Amma, koala ba bera ba kwata-kwata, hatta wannan dabbar ba za a iya kiran ta dangin beyar ba. Wannan dabbar ta mallakawa ce kuma tana da dangin ta na koala, wanda ita kaɗai ke wakilta. Koala tana kama da kayan wasan yara, wanda kawai ke jan su zuwa runguma.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Koala
Tarihin hukuma na koala ya fara ne a cikin 1802, lokacin da jami'in sojan ruwa Barralier ya gano ragowar wannan dabba ya aika da su ga gwamnan New South Wales cikin giya. Bayan shekara guda, an kama wata koala mai rai kusa da Sydney. Bayan 'yan watanni, an buga wata kasida a cikin wata jaridar Sydney da ke bayani dalla-dalla game da wannan dabba da ba a saba gani ba.
Tun daga 1808, ana ɗaukar koala a matsayin mafi kusancin dangin mata. Suna tare da shi a cikin ɓarnataccen rukunin marsupials biyu, amma a cikin dangin nasu koala ne kawai wakilin.
Kimanin shekaru 50, kawai ana ganin koala a yankin New South Wales. A cikin 1855, masanin halitta William Blandowski ya gano dabba a Victoria, inda yake zaune, kuma daga baya, a cikin 1923, an sami koala a kudu maso gabashin Queensland.
Bidiyo: Koala
Turawan da suka iso Australia sun kira koala da beyar. A cewar wasu rahotanni, ainihin ma'anar sunan "koala" ana fassara shi da "baya sha", kodayake mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan zaton kuskure ne. Gabaɗaya, koala yana ɗan sha kaɗan kuma yana da wuya sosai; mutane sun lura cewa ba ya shan komai yanzun nan. Irin wannan karancin shan abin yana faruwa ne saboda kasancewar dabbar tana da isasshen danshi daga ganyen eucalyptus da kuma raɓa a kansu.
Lallai, koala tana da kamanceceniya da mata, kawai ya fi girma kuma gashinta ya fi kauri. Kyakkyawa kyakkyawa, fuskar ɗan dabba mai ɗan dariya lokacin da ka kalle ta. Ina so in buge kuma in runguma wannan kunnen mai kunnen doki, mara kirki, mai kama da dodo.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabba koala
Koalas suna da ban mamaki da ɗan ban dariya. Wataƙila wannan ya faru ne saboda lanƙwasa hancinsu, wanda ba shi da fur. Kan dabbar yana da girma, zagaye tare da kanana, idanun tazara sosai kuma masu ban sha'awa, shimfidawa, kunnuwa masu sheki. Jikin koalas yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa samfuran da ke zaune a arewacin kasar sun fi na kudu yawa. Nauyin su ya kai kilogiram 5, a kudu koalas sun ninka sau uku - 14 - 15 kg. Maza sun fi mata girma, kawunansu sun fi girma, amma girman kunnuwansu ya fi ƙanƙanta. Wakilan maza suna da gland na musamman a kirjin su, wanda suke sanya alama. Mace, kamar kowane wakilin jima'i mai kyau, tana da jaka a ciki an ɓoye nonuwanta biyu.
Ya kamata a ba da hankali na musamman ga haƙoran koala, an tsara su ne ta yadda za su iya jurewa ganyen eucalyptus, waɗanda suke da yawa da kuma kauri. Ta hanyar amfani da kaifin raunin ciki, koala, kamar wuka, tana yanke ganye, da nika haƙoranta su nika shi cikin alawar. Adadin hakora a cikin koala 30 ne.
Gabobin koala suna da tsayi da ƙarfi. Paafaffun goshin suna da ƙusoshi kamar na ƙugiya don su riƙe su sosai a cikin bishiyoyi, tare da yatsun hannu biyu suna adawa da uku a ɗayan. Wannan fasalin yana bawa dabbobi damar riko bishiyoyi sosai. A ƙafafun kafa na baya, babban yatsa, wanda ba shi da ƙafafu, yana adawa da waɗancan huɗun, sanye take da farce masu taurin kai. Saboda wannan tsarin na gabar jiki, dabbar tana kama rassa da kututtura a sauƙaƙe, ya rataya a kansu kuma yana sauƙin motsawa cikin kambin. Takallan yatsun koalas suna da fasali na asali, waɗanda suke da tsari na musamman (ɗauka), kamar a cikin mutane ko kuma na birrai.
Gashin koala yana da taɓawa mai daɗi, fur ɗin yana da kauri sosai, tsayinsa ya kai kimanin cm 3. Yanayin launi na ulu yana da launin toka (zai iya zama haske da duhu). A gefen ciki, an zana kafafun gaba fari, akwai farin bib a gaba, hammata kuma fari ne. A kunnuwa suna fitowa suna yin fari, mai laushi, da ɗan dogon Jawo. Hakanan akwai farin tabo a kan sacrum. Wutsiyar koala tana kama da ta beyar, tana da karami sosai kuma a zahiri ba ta tsayawa, yana da wahalar ganinta.
Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa girman ƙwaƙwalwar koalas ƙanana ce idan aka kwatanta ta da jiki. Sun yi imanin cewa wannan fasalin ya kasance a cikin dabbobi saboda gaskiyar cewa menu ɗin su yana da ƙarancin adadin kuzari.
Ina koala take?
Hotuna: Koala a Ostiraliya
Koala yana da mahimmanci ga Ostiraliya kuma yana da mazauninsa na dindindin a wannan nahiya, ba inda aka sami wannan dabbar. Dabbar ta zauna a yankunan bakin teku na kudu da gabashin Ostiraliya. A karnin da ya gabata, an gabatar da koala a yammacin yankin na Australiya da tsibirin Kunguru da Magnetic, wadanda ke kusa da Queensland. Tsibirin Magnetic a yau ana ɗauke da iyakar arewacin koalas. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan marsupials ɗin an lalata su a kudancin Australiya duk a cikin ƙarni ɗaya da ya gabata. Mutane sun fara dawo da adadin koala, bayan kawo su daga yankin Victoria.
A halin yanzu, mazaunin koalas yana da yanki kusan kilomita murabba'in miliyan. Koalas suna rayuwa ne inda dazuzzuka ke tsiro. Suna da daɗin duwatsun dazukan da ke da danshi tare da yanayin yanayi mai zafi da kuma yankuna masu hamada masu ƙananan hamada. Yawan garkuwar dabbobi ya dogara da wadatar kayan abinci a yankunanta. Idan a bangaren kudu, inda dazuzzuka masu dausayi suka yawaita, zai iya kaiwa ga mutane takwas a kowace kadada, to a yankin yamma da hamada za a iya samun dabba daya a kowace kadada dari gaba daya.
Menene koala take ci?
Hotuna: Koala
Mutane da yawa tabbas sun san cewa koalas suna lura da eucalyptus mono-diet, suna shayar da harbe-harben samari da ganyayen eucalyptus. Akwai a cikin irin wannan sabon abu na jarabar abinci da fa'idodinsa - wannan rashin gasa ne don abinci. Sananne ne cewa kawai marsupials da coan uwan couscous-ring suna son cin abinci eucalyptus. Koala ya daɗe da sanin cewa koyaushe yana da abinci iri ɗaya don karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare.
Furen itacen Eucalyptus da harbe-harbensu ba su da ƙarfi sosai, ba kowa ne zai so takamaiman dandano da ƙanshinsu ba, ƙari, tsire-tsire yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin abubuwa masu haɗari, kusan babu furotin, kuma ainihin guba, hydrocyanic acid, shima yana tarawa a cikin harbewar kaka. Koalas sun dace da wannan haɗarin, suna amfani da ƙanshin su don zaɓar abinci ga waɗannan tsire-tsire a inda babu guba mai yawa. Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin guba sun fi son girma a kan ƙasa mai dausayi kusa da rafuka.
Dalilin irin wannan karancin abincin da rashin kalori shine rashin karfin jiki, saurin amsawa da yanayin dabbar. Anan koala yayi kama da maras kyau ko mace. A rana, dabbar tana cin rabin kilogram zuwa kilo daya na harbe-harbe da ganye, a hankali kuma a tauna komai a cikin tsarkakakke, sannan a ɓoye shi a cikin kumatunsa. Tsarin narkewar abinci na koala an daidaita shi sosai don abinci mai tsire. Cecum a cikin dabbobi ya fi tsayi girma, ya kai mita 2.4. Hantar koala tana aiki sosai don rage yawan cutar da ke cikin eucalyptus da hana guba.
Wani lokaci zaka ga yadda koala ke cin duniya, sam wannan ba komai bane saboda dabbobin suna hauka, don haka suke dawo da rashin ma'adinai a jiki.
Suna shan koalas, hakika, kaɗan kaɗan. Wannan yakan faru ne yayin da dabbar ta fadi rashin lafiya ko kuma a lokacin tsawan fari. A lokuta na yau, raɓa da take tasowa akan ganye da juiciness ɗin ganyen kansu sun ishi dabba. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, daga cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyi guda 600 na bishiyar eucalyptus, koala ta fi son zabar 30 daga cikin su don abinci. Bugu da kari, abubuwan fifiko sun banbanta a sassa daban daban na nahiyar.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: koala beyar
Matsakaicin salon rayuwar koalas yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da bishiyoyin eucalyptus na bishiyoyi, wanda suke yin mafi yawan lokaci a kansu. Lokaci-lokaci dashes a ƙasa yana aiki ne kawai don motsawa daga itace zuwa wancan. A cikin rana, barci mai zurfi da zurfin ciki, wanda ke ɗaukar awanni 18 zuwa 20.
Sannan (yawanci da daddare) masu bacci suna sanya awanni kaɗan don ciyarwa. Koalas suna da wani sabon abu mai ban mamaki wanda zai iya daskarar da shi kamar gumaka kuma ya zauna ba shi da motsi har tsawon awanni. A bayyane, a waɗannan lokutan suna falsafawa da yin tunani game da rashin hanzarinsu, rayuwa mai ƙanshin eucalyptus.
Koala na hawa bishiyoyi yadda ya kamata, tana manne da kututture da rassa tare da faratan kafafunta. Kodayake dabbobin suna jinkiri kuma an hana su, suna jin barazanar kuma suna iya gudu da sauri, sannan su ɓoye a cikin kore kambi. Ko da da ruwan ruwa, wannan dabbar zata jure, idan ya zama dole. Bugu da kari, a firgice, koala ya yi kururuwa a cikin karamar murya, kodayake a yanayi na yau da kullun ya yi shiru da kuma tawali'u.
Koalas suna zaune su kadai, kowanne yana da yankinsa. Ba sa fifita masu gasa waɗanda suka yi yawo ba zato ba tsammani; idan sun haɗu, yawanci maza suna faɗa, musamman a lokacin saduwa. Koalas suna da salon rayuwa, sun gwammace su bar yankunansu. A dabi'a, yanayin koalas na daji suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 12, a cikin fursunoni zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa 20, kodayake wannan ba safai ba.
Duk da haka, magana game da yanayi da halaye na waɗannan halittun da ba a saba gani ba, yana da kyau a lura cewa ba su da yanayi kamar sauran dabbobi, amma suna da abokantaka, masu kirki da aminci. Abu ne mai sauki a mallake ka kuma zama aboki na gaskiya ga koala, dabba da sauri tana zama kusa da mutane kuma tana ba su ƙauna da taushi. Dubi jinkirin da rashin aikin koalas, za ku ji kwanciyar hankali, kuma duk damuwa da hayaniya sun shuɗe zuwa bango.
Idan aka takaita, ana iya banbanta wadannan halaye da halaye na koala a nan:
- jinkiri;
- warewa;
- amana;
- kyakkyawan yanayi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Ostiraliya koala
Duk mata da maza sun balaga a cikin shekaru biyu. Mata na fara yin kiwo ne a daidai shekarunsu, kuma mazan sai bayan shekaru biyu, lokacin da suka kara girma da karfin fada da wasu mazan a rigima kan mace. An fi haihuwar mata da yawa a cikin jama'a, don haka kowane ɗa namiji ba shi da ɗa, amma mata da yawa lokaci guda. Koalas ba ya bambanta da takamaiman haihuwa, saboda haka suna samar da zuriya sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara biyu.
A lokacin saduwar aure, maza suna fitar da kururuwa mai sosa rai wacce ke jan hankalin mata. Hakanan, suna shafa kirjinsu a jikin kututtukan itace, suna sanya alamunsu. Ango a wannan lokacin na iya yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abokan hulɗa, waɗanda za su iya kai wa daga biyu zuwa biyar. Mata suna son manya kuma masu faɗin murya, kuma zaɓin su ya dogara da waɗannan halayen. Kamar sauran marsupials, al'aurar koala suna da fasali masu ban sha'awa: a cikin namiji, al'aurar haihuwar bifurcated, kuma mace tana da farji biyu. Lokacin saduwa yana daga Satumba ko Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu.
Cutar ciki na koala takan fara daga kwanaki 30 zuwa 35. Yana da matukar wuya lokacin da aka haifa jarirai biyu lokaci ɗaya, yawanci ana haihuwar ɗa ɗaya. Ya kasance tsirara, fatarsa ta yi launin ruwan hoda, thean ƙanana ƙarami ne sosai - har zuwa tsayi 1.8 cm kuma nauyinsa gram 5 kawai.
A watanni shidan farko na rayuwarsa, jariri baya barin jakar mahaifiyarsa, inda yake shan madara cikin nishadi. Watanni shida masu zuwa na rayuwa, jariri da ya ɗan girma girma yana hawa kan uwa, yana riƙe da ƙafafuwanta masu ƙarfi a baya ko ciki. Da makonni talatin, jariri yana canzawa daga abincin kiwo zuwa ciyarwa akan najasar uwa, wanda ya ƙunshi ganyen eucalyptus rabin-narkewa. Don haka yana cin abinci tsawon wata ɗaya.
Koalas ya zama mai cin gashin kansa tun yana ɗan shekara ɗaya. Mata yawanci suna barin mahaifiyarsu a wannan lokacin, suna fara rayuwar balagaggun su. Kuma maza suna rayuwa tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa shekaru biyu ko uku, kawai sai suka yanke shawarar barin ta, suna mallakar yankunansu har zuwa rayuwa.
Abokan gaba na koalas
Hotuna: koananan koala
A cikin daji, koalas ba su da abokan gaba. Mafarauta ba su da sha'awar waɗannan dabbobi kwata-kwata, saboda naman su ana jikewa da itacen eucalyptus, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a ci shi. Kare na daji, dingo ko kuma dan karen da ya bata, na iya kai wa koala hari, amma suna zage-zage ne kawai da fada, a matsayin tushen abincin koala da ba sa bukata.
Abin takaici, koalas na iya kamuwa da cututtukan da ke haifar da babbar barazana a gare su, waɗannan sune:
- kamuwa da cuta;
- sinusitis;
- cystitis;
- periostitis na kwanyar.
Kumburin sinus a cikin dabbobi galibi yakan rikide zuwa cutar huhu, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa. Akwai shaidar cewa ɓarkewar waɗannan cututtukan a cikin ƙarni na 19 da na 20 ya rage yawan koalas a nahiyar ta Australiya. Babban haɗari ga koalas ɗan adam ne ke ɗauke da shi, yana jagorantar faɗuwar gandun daji na eucalyptus, yana lalata dabbobi saboda laushi mai laushi. Hakanan, kwanan nan adadin manyan tituna yana ƙaruwa, wanda dabbobi masu jinkiri ke ƙara mutuwa a ƙasan motocin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Koala akan bishiya
Barkewar cututtukan da aka ambata a baya na daga cikin manyan dalilan raguwar koala, amma hakan ta kasance har sai da Turawan suka bayyana a nahiyar. Suna son siliki mai daɗi da kyakkyawar furcin dabbobi, saboda abin da mutane suka fara ɓarnar rashin tausayinsu. Bai kasance da wuya a kashe malalacin da ba shi da lahani ba. Akwai bayanin cewa a cikin 1924 kawai, an girbe fatu kusan miliyan biyu.
Fahimtar girman bala'in, sai gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta fara sanya iyakar harbi, kuma daga baya a 1927 gaba daya ta hana farautar wadannan kyawawan dabbobi. Shekaru ashirin kacal daga baya, yawan koalas ya fara ƙaruwa sannu a hankali. Yana da kyau kwarai da gaske yanzu yawan koala ya dawo yadda yake, kuma a wasu yankuna (Tsibirin Kangaroo) suna da yawa da yawa, suna cinye dukkan bishiyoyin eucalyptus. An ba da shawarar aiwatar da wata karamar harbe-harbe a can ne dan rage adadin, amma hukumomi ba su yi gangancin yin hakan ba. Kuma a cikin jihar Victoria, akasin haka, a cikin 2015, kusan mutane 700 sun hallaka don sauran sun sami isasshen abinci.
A halin yanzu, matsayin jama'ar koala na da digiri na "ƙananan haɗari", amma barazanar sare dazuzzuka da annoba na da amfani. Akwai wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa "Australian Koala Foundation", wacce ke kula da lafiyar jama'ar koala da wuraren da suke zaune. A cikin birane kamar Brisbane da Perth, akwai wuraren shakatawa da aka kiyaye inda marsupials ke rayuwa cikin farin ciki da annashuwa.
Koala - ba wai kawai ƙaunataccen duniya na Australiya ba, har ma alama ce ta duk nahiyar. Ana iya kiransa mutum na nutsuwa, nutsuwa da nutsuwa. Koala yana rayuwa ne a cikin duniyar ta eucalyptus ta duniya, nesa da hayaniya da hayaniya. Babban abin shine mutum yana iya fahimtar yanayin kaskantar da kai kuma kar yaci amanar rayuwar wannan halittar mara cutarwa da kirki. Ya kamata muyi koyi dashi daga halaye masu kyau da kuma nisantar damuwa da matsaloli.
Ranar bugawa: 15.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 16.09.2019 a 9:03
