White barewa (Odocoileus virginianus) ɗayan jinsuna ne guda uku a Arewacin Amurka. Sauran nau'ikan biyu sun hada da barewar alfadari (Odocoileus hemionus) da kuma barewar wutsiyar baki (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Wadannan dangin nan biyu masu rai na barewa masu fari-fari suna da kamanni iri ɗaya. Dukan barewar suna da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, tare da furcin duhu da kuma tururuwa mai fasali daban.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Farar-wutsiya barewa
Dauren farin-wutsiya na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun dabbobi masu shayarwa a Arewacin Amurka. Babban dalilin da yasa wannan jinsin ya wanzu na tsawon lokaci shine saboda dacewa dashi. Lokacin da shekarun kankara suka buge, kwayoyin halitta da yawa ba zasu iya jurewa da yanayin sauyawa cikin hanzari ba, amma barewar fari-wutiya ta bunkasa.
Wannan nau'in yana dacewa da gaske, an taimaka masa ya rayu ta irin waɗannan fasalulluka kamar:
- ƙwayoyin kafa masu ƙarfi;
- manyan ƙaho;
- siginar gargadi;
- launin canza launin launi.
An san dawar barewa mai fararen fata don amfani da tururuwarsa don abubuwa da yawa, kamar kokawar da sanya alamar ƙasarta. A cikin shekaru miliyan 3.5 da suka gabata, tururuwa daga cikin barewar farin-wutsiya sun canza sosai saboda buƙatar girma da girma. Tunda da farko ana amfani da ƙaho don kokawa, babban abin da ake nunawa shine mafi girma shine mafi kyau.
Dauren farin-wutsiya ɗayan ɗayan tsoffin halittun dabbobi masu shayarwa ne a Arewacin Amurka. Wannan nau'in yana da kimanin shekaru miliyan 3.5. Saboda shekarunsu, kakannin barewa suna da wahalar ganewa. An gano cewa barewar da ke da farin fari tana da kusanci da Odocoileus brachyodontus, tare da wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance. Hakanan za'a iya haɗa shi da wasu tsoffin jinsunan mosa a matakin DNA.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabba mai fararen fata
Daren farin-wutsiya (Odocoileus virginianus) ɗayan mafi yawan dabbobin daji ne a cikin jihohin Amurka. Zubi guda biyu na yanayi na haifar da fatu biyu daban daban. Launin lokacin rani ya ƙunshi gajere, kyawawan gashi na launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja. Wannan pelt din yana girma a watan Agusta da Satumba kuma ana maye gurbinsa da launin kalar hunturu, wanda ya kunshi dogon gashi mai launin ruwan kasa masu launin toka. Gashi mara gashi da sutura suna ba da babbar kariya daga yanayin hunturu mai sanyi.
An maye gurbin launi na hunturu da kalar rani a watannin Afrilu da Mayu. Ciki, kirji, maƙogwaro da ƙuƙumi suna fari duk shekara. Fatar na barewar da aka haifa ja-ja-ja ne mai ɗari da fari fari ɗari. Wannan launi mai launi yana taimakawa ɓoye su daga masu farauta.
Deer tare da matakan canza launi ba sabon abu bane a Alabama. Farin fari (albino) ko barewa (melanistic) ƙwarai da gaske. Koyaya, haihuwar pinto abu ne gama gari a cikin Alabama. Ana danganta dokin Pinto da kusan fararen gashi gabaɗaya tare da wasu launuka masu ruwan kasa.
Bidiyo: White-wutsi barewa
Erwarin farin-wutsiya suna da kyakkyawan ƙanshi. Hancinsu na dogon lokaci cike suke da hadadden tsarin da ke dauke da miliyoyin masu karbar olf. Hankalinsu na kamshi yana da matukar mahimmanci don kariya daga masu farauta, gano wasu barewa da tushen abinci. Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, jin ƙanshin su yana da mahimmanci don sadarwa tare da sauran barewa. Deer yana da gland bakwai waɗanda ake amfani da su don ɗanɗano.
Deer kuma yana da kyakkyawan tsinkayen sauraro. Manyan kunnuwa masu motsi suna basu damar gano sautuna a nesa mai nisa kuma suna iya tantance alkiblarsu. Deer na iya yin sautuka da yawa, gami da gurnani daban-daban, kururuwa, raɗawa, zugi da huɗawa.
Kimanin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa 38 na fatun daji masu farar fata an bayyana a Arewa, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Talatin daga cikin waɗannan ƙananan an samo su ne kawai a Arewacin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya.
A ina barewa ke da farin-wutsi?
Hoto: Barewa Baƙin Amurka
Ana yawan samun farin barewa a tsakiyar Midwest na Arewacin Amurka. Wadannan barewa na iya rayuwa a kusan kowane yanayi, amma sun fi son yankuna masu tsaunuka da ke da dazuzzuka. Don barewa masu fararen fata, ya zama dole a sami damar buɗe filayen da ke kewaye da bishiyoyi ko dogayen ciyawa don kariya daga masu farauta da neman abinci.
Yawancin deer da ke zaune a Amurka suna cikin jihohi kamar:
- Arkansas;
- Georgia;
- Michigan;
- Arewacin Carolina;
- Ohio;
- Texas;
- Wisconsin;
- Alabama.
White-wutsi deer daidaita sosai ga daban-daban na mazauninsu kazalika da kwatsam canje-canje a cikin yanayi. Zasu iya rayuwa a yankunan bishiyar bishiya da kuma cikin yankuna masu faɗin fili. Saboda wannan dalili, ana samun su a wurare da yawa a Arewacin Amurka.
White-wutsi barewa halittu ne masu daidaitawa kuma suna bunƙasa mafi kyau a cikin wurare daban-daban. Babu wani nau'in yanayi iri ɗaya wanda ya dace da barewa, ya zama katako ko katuwar bishiyar itacen. A taƙaice, mai yin narkar da abinci yana buƙatar abinci, ruwa, da shimfidar wuri ta hanyar da ta dace. Abubuwan buƙatu na rayuwa da na abinci suna canzawa cikin shekara, don haka kyakkyawan mazaunin yana da wadatattun abubuwan haɗin da ake buƙata a cikin shekara.
Menene barewar farin-wutsiya take ci?
Hoto: Dare mai laushi fari a Rasha
A matsakaita, deer yakan ci kilo 1 zuwa 3 na abinci kowace rana don kowane kilogiram 50 na nauyin jiki. Deer mai girman matsakaici yana cinye tan na abinci a shekara. Deer dabbobi ne na dabbobi kuma, kamar shanu, suna da hadadden ciki mai daki huɗu. Deer yanada zabi sosai a yanayi. Bakin su doguwa ne kuma suna mai da hankali kan takamaiman zaɓin abinci.
Abincin barewa ya banbanta kamar mazaunin sa. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cin ganyaye, rassan, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma harbe-harben bishiyoyi daban daban, shrubs da vines. Har ila yau, Reindeer yana ciyar da ciyawa da yawa, ciyawa, albarkatun gona da nau'ikan namomin kaza da yawa.
Ba kamar shanu ba, barewa ba sa cin abinci a kan iyakantaccen abinci iri-iri. Farar dabbar dawa na iya cin yawancin nau'o'in tsire-tsire da ke cikin mazauninsu. Tabbas, lokacin da yawan ciyayin da ke haifar da karancin abinci, za su ci abinci da yawa da yawa waɗanda ba sa cikin abincin da suka saba.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Dawa mai fararen fata a cikin gandun daji
Sungiyoyi na barewa masu farar fata sun kasu kashi biyu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rukunin iyali, tare da barewa da ɗiyanta, da rukunin maza. Familyungiyar dangi za ta zauna tare na kimanin shekara guda. Ungiyoyin maza an tsara su tare da ikon mallakar mutane 3 zuwa 5.
A lokacin hunturu, waɗannan rukuni biyu na barewa na iya tattarawa don ƙirƙirar al'ummomin kusan mutum 150. Wannan hadewar yana sanya hanyoyin a bude kuma masu sauki ga ciyarwa sannan kuma yana bada kariya daga masu farauta. Saboda ciyarwar dan adam, wadannan yankuna na iya haifar da yawan dawa ba bisa ka'ida ba da ke jan hankalin masu farauta, da kara yaduwar yaduwar cuta, da karuwar fitina a cikin al'umma, da haifar da yawan cin ciyawar kasar da karin haduwa.
Baran farin-wutsiya ya kware a iya iyo, gudu da tsalle. Fata ta hunturu ta dabba mai shayarwa tana da gashi marasa gashi, tazarar da ke tsakanin ta cike da iska. Godiya ga wannan dabba yana da wahalar nutsar, koda kuwa ya gaji. Daren farin-wutsiya na iya gudu cikin gudu har zuwa kilomita 58 / h, kodayake yawanci yakan nufi mafaka mafi kusa kuma ba ya yin tafiya mai nisa. Dawa kuma tana iya tsallake mita 2.5 a tsayi da tsayin mita 9.
Lokacin da fararen dusar ƙanƙara ta firgita, tana iya takawa kuma ta yi kuwwa don faɗakar da sauran barewar. Dabbar kuma za ta iya "yiwa alama" ƙasa ko ta ɗaga jelarsa don ta nuna farin ta daga ƙasan.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: cuban farin barewa
Tsarin zamantakewar farin barewa mai laushi a wajan lokacin kiwo ya ta'allaka ne akan manyan rukunin zamantakewar biyu: mata da namiji. Groupsungiyoyin Matriarchal sun ƙunshi mace, mahaifiyarta, da zuriyar mace. Groupsungiyoyin Buck ƙungiyoyi ne marasa ƙarfi waɗanda suka kunshi manyan barewa.
Bincike ya tattara kwanakin samun ciki tun daga ranar Thanksgiving zuwa tsakiyar Disamba, farkon Janairu, har ma da Fabrairu. Ga yawancin mazauna, lokacin kiwo mafi girma yana faruwa a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Janairu. A wannan lokacin, canje-canjen hormonal na faruwa a cikin mazan fari. Dewararrun eran daɗewa sun zama masu saurin fushi da rashin haƙuri da sauran mazan.
A wannan lokacin, maza suna yin alama da kare filayen kiwo ta hanyar ƙirƙirar alamomi da yawa a cikin kewayon su. A lokacin kiwo, namiji na iya saduwa da mace sau da yawa.
Yayinda nakuda ke gabatowa, mace mai ciki takan zama kadaici kuma ta kare yankin ta daga wasu barewar. Fawns ana haifuwa ne kimanin kwanaki 200 bayan samun ciki. A Arewacin Amurka, yawancin fawns ana haifuwa ne daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa tsakiyar Agusta. Adadin zuriyar ya dogara da shekaru da yanayin jikin mace. A ƙa'ida, mace 'yar shekara ɗaya tana da fawn ɗaya, amma tagwaye ba su da yawa.
Rakunan garken shanu a cikin mafi kyaun wuraren zama ba, wanda ke da yawan jama'a, na iya nuna rashin rayuwa tsakanin zuriyar. A cikin fewan kwanakin farko bayan haihuwa, mace ba safai take motsawa sama da mita 100 daga hera heranta. Fawns sun fara rakiyar mahaifiyarsu lokacin da suka cika makonni uku zuwa hudu.
Abokan gaba na barewa
Photo: Farar-wutsiya barewa
Bakon farin-wutsiya yana zaune a yankunan daji. A wasu wuraren, cunkushewar barewa matsala ce. Kerketai masu launin toka da zakuna na tsaunuka sun kasance masu cin karensu ba babbaka waɗanda suka taimaka wajen kiyaye yawan jama'a, amma saboda farauta da ci gaban ɗan adam, babu kerkeci da yawa da kuma zakoki na tsaunuka da suka rage a yawancin sassan Arewacin Amurka.
Dare mai fari-jera wani lokacin yakan zama ganima ga zakaru, amma mutane da karnuka yanzu sune manyan abokan gaba na wannan nau'in. Tunda babu masu farautar dabi'a da yawa, yawan dawa a wasu lokuta yakan zama babba ga muhalli, wanda zai iya sa barewar ta mutu da yunwa. A yankunan karkara, mafarauta suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawan wadannan dabbobi, amma a cikin birane da birane, ba kasafai ake ba da farauta ba, don haka adadin wadannan dabbobi na ci gaba da bunkasa. Kyakkyawan rayuwa ba yana nufin cewa waɗannan barewar ba ta da rauni.
Barazana ga yawan barewa (banda mahaukatan dabbobin) sun haɗa da:
- farauta;
- hatsarin mota;
- cuta.
Yawancin mafarauta sun san cewa barewa ba ta da gani sosai. Barewa masu farin fata suna da hangen nesa, wanda ke nufin launuka biyu kawai suke gani. Saboda rashin hangen nesa mai kyau, barewar farin-wutsiya ta haɓaka ƙamshin ƙanshi don gano masu farautar.
Catarrhal zazzaɓi (Harshen Harshe) cuta ce da ke addabar adadi masu yawa. Ana kamuwa da cutar ta kuda kuma yana haifar da kumburin harshe sannan kuma yana sa wanda aka cutar ya rasa kulawar ƙafafunsa. Mutane da yawa sun mutu cikin mako guda. In ba haka ba, murmurewa na iya ɗaukar watanni 6. Wannan cutar ta kuma shafi nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa a doron kasa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Dabba mai fararen fata
Deer ba safai ake samun sa ba a yawancin jihohin Arewacin Amurka har zuwa shekarun da suka gabata. An kiyasta cewa a farkon 1900s akwai kusan barewa 2,000 a Alabama kawai. Bayan shekaru da yawa na kokarin kara yawan mutane, an kiyasta yawan barewar a Alabama ya kai miliyan 1.75 a shekarar 2000.
A zahiri, yankuna da yawa na Arewacin Amurka sun cika yawa da dewa. A sakamakon haka, amfanin gona ya lalace, kuma yawan karo-karo tsakanin barewa da ababen hawa yana ƙaruwa. A tarihance, a Arewacin Amurka, mafi yawan raƙuman raƙuman fari sune Virginia (O. v. Virginianus). Bayan kusan halakawar barewar fari-fari a cikin jihohin Midwest a farkon shekarun 1900s, Sashen Kula da Lafiya, tare da mutane da kungiyoyi da yawa, sun fara faɗa don ƙara yawan barewar a cikin 1930s.
A farkon 1900s, an zartar da dokoki masu tsara farautar barewa, amma da wuya aka tilasta su. Zuwa 1925, barewa 400 ne kawai a Missouri. Wannan yankewa ya haifar da dokar majalisar Missouri wacce ta kawo karshen farautar barewa gaba daya da kuma tilasta kiyaye kariyar jama'a da ka'idojin dawo da su.
Sashen Kula da Kare Lafiya ya yi ƙoƙari don ƙaura da barewa zuwa Missouri daga Michigan, Wisconsin, da Minnesota don taimakawa sake cika dabbobin. Wakilan kiyayewa sun fara aiwatar da ka'idojin da suka taimaka wajen hana farauta. Zuwa 1944, yawan barewar ya karu zuwa 15,000.
A halin yanzu, yawan barewa a Missouri kadai mutane ne miliyan 1.4, kuma mafarauta kowace shekara suna farautar kusan dabbobi dubu 300. Gudanar da barewa a Missouri yayi ƙoƙari don daidaita yawan jama'a a matakin da ke cikin ƙimar ilimin halitta.
White barewa Dabba ce mai kyakkyawa kuma kyakkyawa wacce ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar namun daji. Don tabbatar da lafiyar gandun daji, dole ne garkunan masu kiwon dabbobin su daidaita da mazauninsu. Daidaitaccen yanayi shine babban jigon rayuwar rayuwar namun daji.
Ranar bugawa: 11.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 16.09.2019 a 14:45
