Bugaramar ƙanshi, wanda ke ba da wari mara daɗi, kusan kowa ya san shi tun yarintarsa. Kwaro ne na gama gari da ke rayuwa a ƙasashe da yawa tare da yanayin yanayi. Saboda kaifin, warin mara daɗi shi yasa aka kira shi da "mai ɗoyi". Mafi sau da yawa, ana kiran wannan bug na lambu. Koyaya, sauran nau'ikan kwari suma suna ɓoye wani sirri na musamman idan akwai haɗari, sabili da haka galibi ana kiransu kwari masu ɗoyi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Tsutsa mai ɗaci
Bugaramar ƙamshi shine nau'in jinsin wakilai na gidan Pentatomidae. Na mallakar tsari ne mai yawa na kwandunan kwari, ya fita waje don takamammen ƙanshi. Wannan kamshin ba danshi bane kawai. Wannan alama ce ta musamman don kyakkyawar fuskantarwa a cikin ƙasa, takamaiman hanyar sadarwa da juna, hanyar kariya daga haɗari da kuma hanyar tsira a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Ga kwari, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Bugwari masu ƙamshi sune masu cin ganyayyaki. Sun fi son cinye ruwan 'ya'yan itace na tsire-tsire daban-daban. Sai kawai a yanayi na musamman ƙwaro zai iya kashewa kuma ya ci wani ƙwarin. Misali, a cikin mawuyacin hali lokacin da babu ingantaccen abinci. Wani muhimmin aiki na sirrin mara dadi shine jawo hankalin abokin aure. Don haka, ƙwaro ya nuna a shirye yake don haifuwa, yana tsoratar da wasu kwari waɗanda suke kusa.
Bidiyo: Tsutsa mai ɗaci
Za a iya ƙanshi ƙanshi mai daɗi da dabba ke ɗorawa tare da ƙanshin rubabben cognac, rubabben raspberries. Ta hanyar tsananin warin, mutum na iya yin hukunci akan yawan kwari. Misali, tare da tarin tarin kwari, ɗayan nau'ikan sandar, wari mara daɗi koyaushe zai kasance a cikin ɗakin. Yana da wahala kar a lura da shi.
Baya ga kwari da kwari, kwari na lambu, akwai wasu nau'ikan kwalliya:
- mai katako;
- Toka;
- koren;
- birch;
- mulki.
Daga cikin dukkan wakilai, kwari da lambun bishiyoyi suna da ƙamshi mai ɗaci. Gidansu suna fitar da wani ruwa mai tsauri, mai dagewa sosai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: bug ƙwarin ƙanshi
Saboda yawan nau'in kwaro mai wari, yana da wuya a basu cikakken bayanin. Jinsunan sun banbanta a girma, launin jiki. Mafi yawan nau'in nau'in ƙwaro shine ƙwarin itacen. Hakanan yana fitar da mafi tsananin zafi, ƙamshi mai daɗi. Kwaron bishiyar koren launi ne mai haske. Babban mutum zai iya kaiwa milimita goma sha biyar a tsayi. A lokacin bazara da kaka, wannan ƙwaro yakan canza launi zuwa launi mai duhu mafi duhu.
Kwaron yana da siffar jiki mai zagaye tare da ƙananan raɗaɗi a tarnaƙi. Wannan tsarin jikin yana dacewa da dukkan wakilan tsarin kwandunan kwando. Murfin waje na jiki chitinous ne. Akwai fuka-fuki a karshen bayan kwaro. Fuka-fukan yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne. Babban murfin ɓarnar ɓoyayyen shine babban garkuwar kariyarsa akan sauran kwari. Yana da taurin kai.
Individualsananan samari masu sintiri sun bambanta kaɗan da manya. Suna kyankyashe kwan daga ƙwai da koren koren oval mai haske. Bambancin kawai shine: ƙaramin girman mutum da rashin fukafukai. Fukafukan ƙwaro suna bayyana ne bayan balaga. Har zuwa lokacin balaga, karamin kwaro yana kulawa da zubar bawonsa sau biyar. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ya zama ƙuntataccen lokaci. Saukewa yana tsayawa ne kawai lokacin da kwaron ya daina girma.
A ina kwaron kwari yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: bugaramar kwari a cikin ɗakin
Bugwaron ƙanshi kwari ne wanda yake ko'ina. Ya yadu ko'ina cikin duniya. Wadannan ƙwaro an same su da yawa a cikin Asiya, Turai, Rasha, Afirka, Australia, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Ana samun wasu nau'in mutane koda a Alaska da Chukotka. Ainihin, nau'ikan polar na ƙwaro ne suke rayuwa a wurin.
Kwancen kwanciya ba kwari ne masu kwarjini ba. Koyaya, sun fi son yanayi mai yawan yanayi. A irin wannan yanayin canjin yanayi, dabbobi na jin dadi. Wurin kiwo, mazauni ya dogara da nau'in kwari masu wari. Wasu mutane sun fi son zama kusa da mutane. Suna zama a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu da kuma gidaje. Sun zabi fasa, wurare masu danshi, sofas, gadaje na gidansu.
A cikin yanayin yanayi, ƙauyukan kwari suna rayuwa ne a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, gidajen tsuntsaye da buhunan dabbobi daban-daban. A cikin birni, kwari suna zaɓar ganyen da ya faɗi, yashi, ɗakunan ajiya, ɗakunan ajiya inda akwai babban ɗumi na rayuwa. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin magani. Tare da taimakonsu, an sami nasarar magance shan barasa. Jikunan kwari suna nacewa a kan wata na wasu kwanaki, da kaɗan kaɗan suna ba mutumin da yake shan giya. Wannan girke-girke na ban mamaki yana da fiye da sau ɗaya da aka ba shi izinin kawar da jaraba.
Menene kwari mai wari yake ci?
Hoto: Tsutsa mai ɗaci a gida
Wani rukunin kwari daban na mallakar parasites na hematophagous. Sun fi son cin jini kawai. A lokaci guda, suna daidai da jinin dabbobi da na mutum. Mafi shahararren wakilin "masu zubar jini" sune kwari. Suna zaune a cikin gidaje, gidaje. Da dare suna cizon mutane, suna cin jininsu. Koyaya, wannan rukunin ƙananan ne.
Yawancin nau'ikan kwari masu ɗumi suna da ɗari-ɗari da masu cin nama. Herbivores suna ciyar da ruwan itace na tsire-tsire iri-iri. Yawancinsu suna haifar da illa mai yawa ga mutane - suna lalata ƙasar noma. Akasin haka, masu farauta suna da fa'ida sosai. Suna lalata larvae na ƙwaro mai haɗari, suna cin caterpillars, aphids, da sauran kwari da yawa.
Nau'in abincin tsire ya dogara da nau'in kwari mai wari:
- kunkuru mai cutarwa yana ciyarwa ne kawai akan albarkatun hatsi. Irin waɗannan ƙwaro suna cin abinci a hatsi, alkama, masara;
- mulki bratworms sun fi son cin karas, faski, dill;
- kwaro mai gicciye yana ciyar da radish, kabeji, fyade, da wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri ɗaya;
- kwari na Berry suna cin currant, gooseberries, raspberries.
Kwancen kwari suna da narkewar waje. Yawancin jinsin masu farautar ba sa cin abincinsu nan da nan. Da farko za su kashe su, sannan su jira bazuwar. Kawai sai suka fara tsotse wa kansu abubuwan gina jiki.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Tsutsa mai ɗaci
Bugaramar ƙamshi ta kasance cikin umarnin hemiptera. An halicce su da kasancewar gland na musamman a kan cephalothorax, wanda, a ƙarƙashin wasu halaye, su ɓoye wani ruwa mai wari. Yanayin waɗannan dabbobin yana da salama sosai. Akwai kawai rukunin masu kama da dabbobi waɗanda ke farauta da cinye sauran kwari. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da ruwan wari a matsayin makami. Yana da tasirin shanyewar jiki akan ganima. Wasu lokuta yakan iya haifar da mutuwar ƙananan ƙwari.
A wasu halaye, ana amfani da ruwan warin ne kawai don kariya, sadarwa da kuma kyakkyawan aiki a ƙasa. Yana tsoratar da abokan gaba, ba ku damar jan hankalin abokan tarayya don kiwo. Hakanan, don kariyarsu, ƙwaro suna amfani da sifar jikin mutum, launi na murfin. Suna iya shiga cikin ƙananan fasa, suna ɓoye kansu tsakanin shuke-shuke da ganye.
Bugwari masu ɗoyi suna jagorantar salon rayuwa. A lokacin dumi, ƙwaro yakan ciyar da abinci ko abokin tarayya. Suna zaune a cikin lambuna, ɗakuna, benaye masu danshi, gandun daji, da lambunan kayan lambu. Bugwari masu ɗoyi suna da fikafikai, amma ba safai ake amfani da su don motsawa ba. Fuka-fukan suna da ƙarami. Suna kawai taimaka wa ƙwaro ya ɗan ɗaga sama da ƙasa. Dole ne kwari su sami abinci, nemi wurin kwana tare da taimakon ƙafafun kafa masu ƙarfi.
Da farkon yanayin sanyi na farko, ƙwaro ya fara neman dacewa, keɓantaccen wuri don ɓoyewa. Kwaron ƙamshi mafi yawanci yakan zaɓi ganyen da ya faɗi don wannan. Yana zurfafa ciki kuma ya shiga cikin huɗu kafin fara ɗumamar yanayi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Stwarin kwari
A tsarin zamantakewar kwari, mafi ƙarfi koyaushe yana ɗaukar fifiko. Gasar ta bayyana musamman a lokacin kiwo. Maza a wannan lokacin suna zama masu saurin tashin hankali. Zasu iya kai hari ga wasu mazan har ma da wakilan wasu kwari. Misali, kyankyasai sau da yawa yakan zama abin cutar da su. Babu wani takamaiman lokacin da ya dace da waɗannan dabbobin. Suna iya kiwo kusan duk shekara.
Don saduwa, kawai suna buƙatar cika sharuɗɗa biyu:
- dadi iska zafin jiki. A gare su, wannan zafin jiki ne daga digiri ashirin zuwa talatin sama da sifili;
- kusa da tushen wutar lantarki. Ga kowane nau'in kwaro, ya bambanta. Wani yana buƙatar 'ya'yan itace, wani yana buƙatar amfanin gona.
Stinkbugs sun girma cikin shekaru wata 1.5. A gare su, hanyar cutarwa ta haihuwa haifuwa ce. Suna kutsawa tare da al'aurar cikin mace, a can suke barin zuriyarsu. Bugu da ari, mace na iya amfani da sakamakon sakamakon ta ga dama. Galibi, mata suna yin ƙwai a ƙananan ƙananan kamar yadda ake buƙata. Sauran zuriyar na iya zama a jikin mace na dogon lokaci.
Wannan hanyar kwan ƙwai babbar tabbaci ce ta amincin halittar ƙwarin kwari koda a lokacin rashin abinci. Koyaya, gaba ɗaya, yawan kwayar cutar wannan ƙananan ne. Mata suna yin ƙwai 20 zuwa 200. Qwai masu ɗoyi masu ɗoyi suna da "murfi" na musamman. A wani lokaci, wannan murfin yana buɗewa kuma farkon kwayar halittar ƙwayar cuta ta fito daga ƙwai.
Abokan gaba na kwari masu ɗoyi
Hotuna: bugaramar bug
Babban abokin gaba na sandunansu shine telenomines. Suna parasitize ƙwai. Tashi na phasia yana kawo irin wannan lahani. Wadannan kwari sun lalata kayan gado na gaba. Suna sanya zuriyar su kai tsaye a cikin ƙwai ƙwarin gado. Larvae masu tasowa suna cin ragowar kwayoyin halittar. Hakana kuma suna son yin biki a kan bedbugs. Suna cin larvae da manya. Hakanan, ana iya kiran koren toad abokin gaba na sanduna. Amphibians sun fi son cin ba kawai matatun ruwa ba, har ma da wasu nau'ikan kwari masu wari.
Abokan gaba na irin waɗannan kwari tsuntsaye ne. Ba kawai tsuntsayen daji ke cin su ba, har ma na gida. Misali, kaji. Sau da yawa akan saki kaji don yawo a cikin lambun, lambun domin lalata kwari. Sau da yawa sau da yawa, kwari sukan zama waɗanda ke fama da ƙananan beraye kamar su linzamin bege, da kuliyoyi da karnuka. Latterarshen na iya yin wasa da shi na dogon lokaci kafin su ci ƙwaro.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Tsutsa mai ɗaci
Bugarin kwari suna iya zama kwari. Yawancin wakilai daga jinsinsu suna cin 'ya'yan itace, ɓarnatar da shuke-shuke da albarkatu. A cikin adadi mai yawa, wasu nau'ikan sandunansu na haifar da babbar illa ga harkar noma. Groupananan rukunin kwari ne kawai ke da amfani - yana cin caterpillars, aphids, da sauran kwari da yawa.
Zuwa yau, nau'ikan kwari masu ɗoyi ba sa cikin haɗari, ba a lissafa shi a cikin Littafin Ja. Etwaro ya yaɗu kusan a duk duniya, ana ɗaukar yawansu na al'ada, a wasu ƙasashe ma suna da yawa. Kusan kowace shekara, ƙasashe da yawa suna yaƙi da mamayewar waɗannan kwari.
Asali, don waɗannan dalilai, suna amfani da hanyoyin halitta na gwagwarmaya ko lalata jiki. Misali, wasu manoma suna girbe ƙwaro da hannu sannan kuma su ƙone su. Kuma a cikin hunturu, ana aiwatar da matakan rigakafi iri-iri a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe.
Bugaramar ƙanshi - kwaro mafi yawan rikici. A gefe guda, wasu nau'ikan kwari suna taimakawa mutane wajen yakar kwari, a daya bangaren kuma, daidaikun membobin kungiyar suna haifar da babbar illa ga kasar noma. Abubuwan keɓaɓɓen wannan ƙwaro kore ne mai ƙanshi, ƙanshi mai ƙamshi, takamaiman bayyanar.
Ranar bugawa: 10.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 17.09.2019 a 20:54
