Brown kai yana ɗayan ɗayan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya. A waje, yana da alama ya zama mai tsananin nauyi, mara da'awa da rikitarwa. Koyaya, ba haka bane. Dabba mai shayarwa daidai ne a matsayin maigidan babban yankin taiga. Powerarfi da girma na mazaunin gandun daji suna farin ciki da mamaki. A cikin girma, ɗayan ɓarnar mai cin naman beyar za a iya kamanta shi da shi - fararen faranti na polar.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
A cewar masana kimiyya da masu binciken kayan tarihi, bears ya samo asali ne daga tsoffin shahidai kimanin shekaru miliyan 3-4 da suka gabata. Ragowar irin wannan tsohuwar halittar an samo ta a cikin ƙasar Faransa ta zamani. Wata karamar Malay ce. Wannan jinsin ya rikide ya zama wata dabba mafi girma - dabbar Etruscan. Yankinsa ya bazu zuwa Turai da China. Mai yiwuwa, wannan nau'in ne ya zama wanda ya kafa manya-manya, baƙar fata. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.8-2 da suka wuce, masu farautar kogon dangin beyar sun bayyana. Daga garesu ne launin ruwan kasa da na polar ya samo asali, wanda daga baya ya kasu kashi-kashi da yawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Bayyanar mai farautar yana da ban mamaki a cikin girma da ƙarfi. Nauyin mutum ɗaya ya kai kilogiram 300-500, tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita biyu. Babban wakili na wannan nau'in yana zaune a gidan ajiye namun daji a babban birnin Jamus. Nauyinsa kilogram 775. Maza suna da girma da girma fiye da mata kusan sau biyu. Jiki yana da jiki mai kama da ganga, bushewa mai ƙarfi. ,Arfi, haɓakar hannu da yatsu suna da yatsu biyar da kuma manyan ƙusoshin kafa har tsawon cm 15. Akwai ƙaramin jela mai zagaye, girmanta bai wuce goma na santimita biyu ba. Babban kai tare da faffadan ɓangaren gaba yana da dogon hanci, ƙananan idanu da kunnuwa.
Yawa da launi na sutura ya dogara da yankin mahalli. Bears ya narke a lokacin bazara. A lokacin sanyi, haka nan lokacin aure, beyar na da saurin fada. Mafarautan sun kwashe kusan watanni shida a cikin mafarki. Suna hawa cikin kogon, suna birgima cikin ƙwallo. Pressedafafun kafa na baya an latsa cikin ciki, Ina rufe bakin bakin tare da na gaba.
A ina beyar mai launin ruwan kasa take rayuwa?
Gwanin launin ruwan kasa dabba ce ta daji. Yana zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa tare da ciyayi mai dausayi. Wurare kamar su tundra, taiga, jerin tsaunuka wurare ne da ya dace da masu cin kwancen kafa. A baya can, mazaunin ya tashi daga Ingila zuwa China da Japan. A yau, saboda lalata nau'ikan, mazaunin mazaunin ya ragu sosai. Bears ya rage a yankin Rasha, Alaska, Kazakhstan, Kanada. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, beyar daya ta mallaki yanki na kilomita 70 zuwa 150.
- Yankin gabashin Siberia taiga;
- Mongoliya;
- Pakistan;
- Iran;
- Koriya;
- Afghanistan;
- China;
- Kafar Pamir, Tien Shan, Himalayas;
- Kazakhstan.
Kusan dukkanin beyar suna zaune a yankin kusa da hanyoyin buɗe ruwa.
Menene beyar mai launin ruwan kasa take ci?
Gwanon launin ruwan kasa dabi'a dabba ce mai farauta. Koyaya, zamu iya amincewa da shi da dabba mai cin komai. Yana cin abincin tsire mafi yawan shekara. Ciyayi ne ke samar da kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na dukkan abincin mai farauta. Kasancewar ƙananan kwari da kwari, ba a keɓe larvae a cikin abincin ba.
A dabi'ance, wadannan dabbobin suna da ikon iya kamun kifi. Dangane da wannan, kusan koyaushe akwai tushen ruwa a cikin mazaunin, wanda beyar zata iya kama kifi. Mai farautar yana da iko sosai, mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya samun ci gaban ƙafa. Tare da buga ƙafa ɗaya na gaba, yana da ikon kashe giwa, dabbar daji ko barewa. Sau da yawa, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa irin su kurege da raccoons suna zama abubuwan ganima.
A cikin tatsuniyoyin mutanen Rasha, bear mai ruwan kasa tana bayyana azaman haƙori mai daɗi da kuma son zuma. Kuma gaskiyane. Yana matukar jin daɗin zumar kudan zuma.
Tushen abincin ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa shine:
- bishiyoyin daji, galibi raspberries, lingonberries, blueberries, strawberries;
- hatsi;
- masara;
- kifi;
- kanana da matsakaitan dabbobi masu shayarwa - zomaye, dawa, da akuya, dawa;
- wakilan dangin beraye, beraye, kwadi, ƙadangare;
- ciyawar daji - kwayoyi, acorns.
Beyar tana da ikon halitta don daidaitawa daidai da kowane yanayi. Zai iya jurewa har ma da yunwa, kuma ya rayu tsawon lokacin rashin nama da kifi. Yana neman yin kayayyaki. Abin da dabbar ba za ta ci ba, sai ta ɓoye a cikin dajin ciyawar daji, sannan ta cinye ta. Abin lura shi ne cewa ba wuya gare su su sami haja da suka yi ba, tunda suna da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai kyau.
Ana iya samun abinci duk dare da rana. Baƙon abu ne a gare su su haɓaka dabarun farauta, bin sawun ganima, da kai hari. Matukar buƙata kawai zata iya tura beyar zuwa irin wannan matakin. Don neman abinci, galibi suna iya zuwa ƙauyukan 'yan Adam da kashe dabbobin gida.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Duk da girman da suke da shi da kuma wayonsu na waje, bears masu ruwan kasa suna da kyau kuma kusan dabbobi marasa nutsuwa ne. Masu farautar dabbobi dabbobi ne marasa kan gado. Mazauninsu ya kasu tsakanin manya. Namiji daya yakai fadin murabba'in kilomita 50 zuwa 150. Maza sun mallaki yanki sau 2-3 fiye da na mata. Kowane mutum yana yiwa yankin alama da fitsari, alamomin yatsu akan bishiyoyi.
Gwanon ruwan kasa yana aiki sosai da rana, galibi da sassafe. Zai iya gudu da sauri, yana kaiwa saurin har zuwa 45-55 km / h. Ya san yadda ake hawa bishiyoyi, iyo, yin tafiya mai nisa. Mai farauta yana da ƙanshi mai kyau. Yana iya jin ƙanshin nama a nisan da ya kai kilomita uku.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da halin rayuwa na yanayi. A lokacin dumi, dabbobi suna rayuwa mai kyau, suna tafiya cikin dazuzzuka. A lokacin sanyi, yana dauke da barci a cikin ramuka. A lokacin bazara, bears sun fara shiryawa don rashin himma, shirya wuri don wannan, da kuma tarin kitsen mai subcutaneous. Tashin ciki yana ɗauka daga wata ɗaya zuwa huɗu zuwa biyar. Abin lura ne cewa yawan bugun zuciya, yawan numfashi da matakin numfashi na jijiyoyin jiki yayin rashin nutsuwa kusan basu canza ba. A lokacin rashin nutsuwa, dabba ta rasa babban nauyi - har zuwa kilogiram 60-70.
Bears suna da hankali sosai wajen zaɓar wurin kwana a lokacin sanyi. Yakamata ya zama keɓantaccen wuri, mai shiru da busasshen wuri. Kogon ya zama mai dumi da dadi. Bears suna layi a ƙasan masaukinsu da busasshiyar gansakuka. A lokacin barci, suna riƙe da hankali, barci ba shi da zurfi. Suna da sauƙin damuwa da farkawa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Lokacin saduwa don bears mai ruwan kasa yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara kuma yana ɗaukar watanni da yawa. Maza a wannan lokacin suna da saurin rikici. Suna yawan fadan juna kuma suna fada sosai don samun damar saduwa da mata. Hakanan, maza suna fitar da babbar kara, mai saurin tashin hankali. Mata, bi da bi, nan da nan suka shiga aure tare da maza da yawa lokaci guda.
Bears yakan haihu sau kusan kowace shekaru 2-3. Lokacin haihuwa shine kimanin kwana dari biyu. Thean tayin ya girma a cikin mahaifar mata kawai lokacin ɓoyewa. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana haihuwar yara biyu ko uku a tsakiya, ko kusa da ƙarshen hunturu. Matsakaicin nauyin yaro daya bai wuce gram 500 ba, tsayin sa ya kai 22-24 cm.
Yaran da aka haifa bebe sun gani kuma basu ji komai ba. Layin layin mara kyau ya inganta. Bayan kwanaki 10-12, thean kuzari suka fara jin, bayan wata ɗaya - don gani. Beyar tana ciyar da ɗiyanta da madara a rami na wata uku zuwa huɗu. A wannan shekarun, yaran suna da haƙoransu na farko, wanda ke basu damar faɗaɗa abincin su. Koyaya, tare da bayyanar haƙoran, thea thean ba su daina ciyar da madarar uwa. Yana aiki azaman tushen abinci don shekaru 1.5-2.5.
Thea Thean suna ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu har zuwa shekaru 3-4. A wannan lokacin, sun balaga kuma sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Koyaya, lokacin haɓaka bai ƙare ba, yana ci gaba na wasu shekaru 6-7.
Mace ta shagaltu da kulawa da kula da jariran. Hakanan beest din, babbar mace daga zuriyar da ta gabata, suma suna cikin wannan aikin. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, beyar mai ruwan kasa tana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 25-30. Lokacin rayuwa cikin bauta, tsawon rai na iya ninka.
Abokan gaba na launin ruwan kasa
Abokin gaba na maharin shine mutum da ayyukansa. Idan ya kasance a cikin yanayin yanayi, dabbar ba ta da sauran abokan gaba. Babu dabba da ta isa ta kai wa beyar hari. Babu wani da ke da ƙarfi da ƙarfi don kayar da shi.
A yau an saka launin ruwan goro mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin Littafin Ja a matsayin nau'in haɗari. Wannan lamarin ya faru ne sakamakon aikin dan adam. Harbe-harbe na manya, da kuma kame cuban ƙuraye, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban kyauta ga masu farauta. Fatar dabbar, da nama da bile, suna da daraja sosai.
Mafarauta suna sayar da nama da tsada ga wakilan kasuwancin gidan abincin. Ana sayar da fatun a matsayin kayan aiki don yin kafet. Ana buƙatar bear mai da bile a masana'antar magunguna don ƙera kayayyakin magani.
A baya, beyar sun yadu kuma kusan ana samunsu a ko'ina. A cikin Tsibirin Birtaniyya, an kashe na ƙarshe a cikin ƙarni na 20. A cikin Turai, musamman, akan yankin ƙasar Jamus, nau'ikan sun ɓace aan shekaru ɗari da suka gabata. A kudu maso gabashin yankin Turai, ana samun beyar a cikin lambobi guda ɗaya. Duk da cewa an jera wakili na dangin beyar a cikin littafin Red Book, masu farauta suna ci gaba da lalata wakilan jinsunan.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Zuwa yau, an ba da beyar mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin Littafin Ja. Yawan jama'a yana da matsayi na nau'in haɗari. A yau akwai kusan mutane 205,000 a duniya. Kimanin 130,000 ke zaune a cikin Tarayyar Rasha.
Gwanin launin ruwan kasa, dangane da mazaunin, an raba shi zuwa ƙarin ƙananan ƙananan:
Beyar Siberia... An yi la'akari da shi daidai da mashawarcin gandun daji na Siberia.
Atlas Bear... A yau an yarda da shi a hukumance azaman ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa. Mazaunin ya bazu daga Maroko zuwa Libya, a yankin tsaunukan Atlas.
Grizzly kai. Mafarauta da mafarauta sun lalata shi kwata-kwata. An dauke shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Californian flora da fauna.
Ussuri Bear... Ya bambanta a cikin mafi girman ƙarami da duhu, kusan launin baƙi.
Beyar Tibet... Ofaya daga cikin wakilan da ba su da yawa. Kananan kungiyoyin sun sami sunanta ne daga zama akan tsaunin Tibet.
Kodiak. An yi la'akari da mafi girman mai lalata. Peungiyoyin sun samo sunan ta ne saboda yankin mazaunin - tsibirin tsibirin Kodiak. Nauyin mutum ɗaya ya isa fiye da kilogram ɗari huɗu.
Brown kariyar kariya
Don adana nau'ikan, an jera ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin Littafin Ja. An hana shi farauta. Keta wannan buƙatar laifi ne. A kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha, beyar launin ruwan kasa ana kiwo a ƙarƙashin yanayi na wucin gadi kuma an sake ta cikin daji.
A cikin 1975, an kammala yarjejeniya tsakanin USSR, Ingila, Kanada, Denmark, Norway don ɗaukar matakan haɗin gwiwa don kiyayewa da haɓaka nau'in.
A cikin 1976, an kafa wurin ajiye beyar mai ruwan kasa a Tsibirin Wrangel.
Daya daga cikin mafi kyawu, mai iko da girma - Brown kai... Halayensa, salon rayuwarsa babu kamarsu ta hanyarsu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake yin wannan babban ƙoƙari a yau don kiyaye wannan nau'in.
Ranar bugawa: 25.01.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 17.09.2019 a 10:18
