Fiye da nau'ikan 300 - wannan jerin ne wanda ya hada da dukkan tsuntsayen yankin Krasnodar, kuma kashi na biyar daga cikinsu an haɗa su a cikin littafin Red Book.
Fasali na fauna da yanayi
Yankin Krasnodar, wanda ke shimfidawa a kudu maso yamma na arewacin Caucasus, galibi ana kiransa Kuban, bayan babban kogin da ke da yawaitar hagu. Kogin ya raba yankin, wanda ya mamaye kilomita 75.5², zuwa sassa 2 - kudu (dutsen / dutsen) da arewa (a fili).
Lakearamar Abrau, mafi girma a cikin Arewacin Caucasus, ƙananan kaɓaɓɓun tabkuna, kazalika da rafuffukan ruwa na ruwa waɗanda suka haɗu da gaɓar Tekun Azov da Taman Peninsula an ƙara su a cikin ƙananan ƙananan koguna. Bugu da kari, Tekun Azov ya fantsama a arewa maso yamma na yankin, da kuma Bahar Maliya a kudu maso yamma. Akwai sama da 30 volcanoes na laka masu aiki a cikin teku
Saukowar yankin Taman ana daukarta mai wahalar gaske saboda sauyawar filayen dake gabar teku tare da yammacin yamma na Babban Caucasus, gandun dajin bakin ruwa, kogunan bakin kogi da tafkunan Delta. Gabaɗaya, filayen filayen kusan 2/3 na yankin yankin.
Yanayin da ke nan galibi yana da yanayi mai yanayi, yana juyawa zuwa gaɓar busasshiyar Bahar Rum a bakin tekun daga Anapa zuwa Tuapse, kuma zuwa cikin yanayin yanayin zafi - kudu na Tuapse.
Ana lura da shiyyar yanki mai tsayi sosai a cikin tsaunuka. Yanayi yana canzawa sosai cikin shekara: sauyin yanayin zafin yanayi na yau da kullun ne, haɗe da na yau da kullun, na yanayi da na wata-wata. Yankin Krasnodar yana da yanayi mai sanyi da rani mai zafi, wanda ke jan hankalin dabbobi da yawa masu son zafi, gami da tsuntsaye.
Tsuntsayen daji
Dazuzzuka sun kai kusan hekta miliyan 1.5, wanda yayi daidai da kashi 22.4% na yankin. Hardwoods (itacen oak da beech) sun fi yawa a cikin Kuban - sama da 85%, yayin da conifers suke da ƙasa da 5%. Tsuntsayen gandun daji suna zaune a cikin manyan bishiyoyi da gandun daji masu duhu-tare da yawancin spruce da fir.
Caucasian baƙar fata
Tsuntsun tsaunin da ke zaune a cikin yankin tsaunuka na Caucasian (har zuwa kilomita 2.2 sama da matakin teku) kuma ya fi son yin gida kusa da gefen gandun dajin, a cikin ƙarancin ciyawar daji. Kayan baƙar fata na Caucasian sun fi ƙanana girma: maza suna da duhu, kusan baƙaƙen baƙar fata tare da farin iyaka tare da ƙasan fikafikan da gashin fuka-fukan wutsiya masu lankwasa a kan tukwanen. Mata sun fi na maza haske, sun fi kyau da haske.
Launin launin kariya yana taimakawa ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba - baƙin baƙar fata yana tashi ba tare da son ransa ba, ya fi sauƙi a gare shi ya jira, ya ɓuya a cikin dazuzzuka.
Abincin ya mamaye ciyayi:
- allurai;
- 'ya'yan itace juniper;
- blueberries;
- lingonberry;
- kumbura;
- iri daban-daban.
Allura sun zama babban abinci a lokacin hunturu lokacin da babu wasu tsirrai. Tsuntsaye tsuntsaye ke farautar su da rani don ciyar da kajin su.
Mikiya
Tsuntsu mai alfahari daga dangin shaho, yana zaɓar bishiyun dazukan tsaunuka masu tsaunuka, inda yake da wahalar masu cin ƙasar su isa. Mikiya masu zinare yankuna ne kuma marasa nutsuwa, suna bin shafukan su, inda suke gina gida da farauta.
Mikiya ta zinare tana da duhu mai duhu-ruwan kasa-kasa, amma ana ganin fuka-fukan zinariya a bayan kai. Matasan suna da fararen fuka-fukai a gindin wutsiya da kuma ƙarƙashin fikafikan (launin ya yi duhu yayin da suke girma). Fananan fend sun dace da shawagi / motsawa kuma sun isa 2m a cikin faɗi.
Abincin gaggafa na zinariya bawai kawai game da sabo da aka kama ba (ƙananan rodents, agwagi da kaji), amma harma da gawa.
An rarraba gaggafa ta zinariya a matsayin babban mai farauta wanda kusan babu makiya a cikin daji. Sauran dabbobi masu farauta ba sa farautar tsuntsayen da suka balaga, kuma an ɓoye tsuntsayen gaggafa na zinariya a sama.
Dodar mikiya
Tana ɗauke da taken da ba a faɗi ba na ƙaramin gaggafa a duniya, yana girma kaɗan fiye da kitsen da yake da nauyin kilogiram 1-1.3, kuma mazan sun fi mata girma da ɗan girma. Tana yin gida gida a cikin gandun daji da dazuzzuka, inda, saboda ƙarancin aikinta, yana sauƙaƙewa tsakanin rassa. Dogaro da sautin rinjaye na plumage (haske ko duhu), ya kasu kashi biyu.
Dodan gaggafa tana da ƙarfi, ƙafafu masu fuka-fukai masu ƙarfi tare da fiɗɗu masu lankwasa da baki mai ƙarfi, wanda yake kama wasa da shi. Abincin mai farauta ya hada da dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe:
- kurege da gophers;
- kananan beraye;
- larks da starlings;
- blackbirds da gwarare;
- kurciya da kunkuru;
- kajin da ƙwai tsuntsaye;
- kadangaru da macizai;
- kwari, kamar su turmi (na hunturu).
Ruwa a kan maciji mai dafi, gaggafa ta kashe shi tare da duka kai da bakinsa, amma wani lokacin shi kansa yakan mutu daga cizon ko kuma ya rasa gani.
Tsuntsaye masu tsayi
Matakin yankin Krasnodar ya faɗa har zuwa tsaunukan Manyan Caucasus da kuma Tekun Bahar Maliya, wanda ke kudu da Anapa. Yawancin tsuntsaye na sararin samaniya suna cikin Littafin Ja na Kuban.
Bustard
Wannan wakilin gidan dangi da son zama yankuna budurwa, steppe da kuma saharar sahara, basa wahala sosai daga rashi lokacin damuna. Baramin ɗan ƙarami ya kai girman kaza na matsakaici, amma ya fi launi launuka masu ban sha'awa, musamman idan ya zo ga namiji a lokacin kiwo - fukafukai masu launuka daban-daban (saman), kirji mai haske / ƙasa da doguwar wuya mai ado da "rawanin wuya" masu fari da fari.
A yankin gabar tekun Bahar Maliya ƙananan yan iska sun bayyana zuwa tsakiyar watan Afrilu kuma sun kirkiro nau'i-nau'i, suna kwan ƙwai 3-4, daga inda kajin suke ƙyanƙyashe bayan sati uku.
Abin sha'awa. Macen mata sau da yawa sukan mutu a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun taraktoci kuma suna haɗuwa, yayin da take sadaukar da kai ba tare da damuwa ba, tana kare zuriyar.
Abubuwan da aka fi so na abinci na ƙananan ƙaura sun iyakance ga kwari da ciyayi (harbe, iri da tushensu). Hijira na tsuntsaye don hunturu tana farawa a ƙarshen Satumba, yana ƙarewa zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba.
Serpentine
Hakanan ana kiranta da mikiya, ko kuma faskara. Yana bi da mutane da taka tsantsan, tsoro da rashin yarda. A kudanci, yana zama a cikin dazuzzuka da kuma a cikin busassun yankuna, inda akwai kowane bishiyoyi da suka dace da gida. Girman masu cinye maciji bai fi 0.7 m tare da fika-fikan mita 1.6-1.9. Maza da mata suna da launi iri ɗaya, amma na farko yawanci ya fi na farkon girma.
Sunan jinsin yana fada ne game da abin da ya fi so, amma tare da macizai, kaguwa yana farautar wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibians, da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsayen da ke filin.
Ba abu ne mai sauki ba ga maciji ya ciyar da zuriyar. Kajin da kansa yana jan macijin da kusan mahaɗan ya haɗiye daga maƙogwaronsa da jela. Tsawan lokacin aikin ya dogara da tsawon macijin. Lokacin da aka shimfiɗa abin farautar, haɗiyar sa tana farawa (tsananin daga kai), wanda yakan ɗauki rabin awa da ƙari.
Steppe kestrel
Karami, mai girman kurciya kamar dangin falcon. Ya yi kama da na kestrel na kowa, amma yana ƙasa da shi a girma, ya kuma bambanta a tsarin fuka-fuki, fasalin jela da cikakkun bayanai game da layin.
A cikin mazaunan gida, kestrel mai tsalle yana da hayaniya sosai: wannan ƙimar tana ƙaruwa sau da yawa yayin lokacin saduwa da kuma bayan kajin sun tafi. Tsarin tsuntsaye ya haɗa da dabbobi daban-daban (tare da yawancin kwari na orthoptera):
- fara da mazari;
- ciyawar ciyawa da kunkuru;
- bears da beetles;
- kafaɗun tsakiya da kunamai;
- ƙananan rodents (a cikin bazara);
- kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi na Afirka (hunturu).
Sau da yawa yakan farauta a cikin fakitoci, yana yawo ƙasa da kan matakala. Yana kama fara da ciyawar da take gudu a ƙasa. Wani lokacin jin ƙoshin yakan zama mai girman kai, lokacin da ƙarar haɗiyar ta tsoma baki tare da saurin tashi.
Tsuntsaye na bakin teku
Wannan rukunin tsuntsayen sun zauna tare da bankunan Kuban da raƙuman ruwa na hagu (Laba, Urup, Belaya da sauransu), a kan tafkin Krasnodar, da kuma tekun Bahar Maliya da na Azov (tare da ƙananan kogunansu). Wasu nau'ikan sun mamaye yankunan bakin teku na estuaries, karst lake da kuma game da. Abrau.
Cokali
Tsuntsayen ƙaura daga dangin ibis, kwatankwacin ɗan birni, amma ya fi shi kyau. Mafi sanannen fasalin shine dogon baki mai tsayi, fadada zuwa karshen. Spoonbill an rufe shi da fuka-fukai fuka-fukai, wanda baƙar fata dogayen ƙafafu da bakin baki suka fito. A lokacin bazuwa, tsuntsaye sukan sami sifa: a cikin mata ya fi na maza gajarta.
Cokali yana cin annelids, larvae na kwari, crustaceans, kwado, soyayyen kifi, wani lokaci yana canzawa zuwa tsire-tsire na ruwa. Yana zaɓar daushin ciyawar da ke kusa da tabkuna don zama, mafi ƙarancin itacen girke na willow. Yana yin gida a cikin yankuna, galibi yana kusa da wasu nau'ikan, misali, ibis ko heron.
Gurasa
Na dangin ibis ne. Ya fi son yin iyo kusa da ruwa mai ɗanɗano da ɗan gishiri, tsibirai da fadama, da kuma cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci da makiyaya masu ambaliyar ruwa. Burodin yana zaune ne a cikin yankuna da yawa tare da tsuntsaye kamar su pelicans, cokalin cokali da kuma marassa nauyi. Sun kwana cikin bishiyoyi.
Tsuntsu ne mai matsakaicin girma mai haske mai haske mai haske, wanda aka sanya shi ta kore mai laushi / shunayya a jela da fikafikansa. Maza sun fi mata girma kuma an saka musu rawani mai ƙyalli.
Burodin yana neman invertebrates na cikin ruwa (ledoji, kwari da tsutsotsi), cin lokaci kifi kifi da amphibians lokaci-lokaci. Gidajen tsuntsayen bike suna lalata ta maharba da ƙuraye masu murfi, an kama abubuwa da yawa ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa, iska mai ƙarfi da kuma lokacin da reeds / reeds suka ƙone.
Kwalliya
Wannan bangare ne na tsari irin na shaho kuma ana samun sa a duk sassan duniya. Tana ciyar da kifi (kashi 99% na abincinsa), shine dalilin da yasa yake sauka kusa da tafki, fadama, koguna da tabkuna. Sun yi gida-gida a wuraren da suke da wahalar isa ga masu cin kasa - a kan kananan tsibirai, a saman ruwa, a kan busassun bishiyoyi, buoys - duk inda zai yuwu a gina gida mai girma har zuwa mita 1 a diamita da tsayi 0.7 m.
Alayyahu an daidaita shi don kamun mashi. Ya fi tsayi (a kan bangon sauran tsuntsayen ganima) ƙafafu, ɗauke da ɗumbin hannu da ƙusoshin hanu. Yataccen waje yana fuskantar baya don kiyaye kifi mai santsi a wurin, kuma bawuloli na hanci suna toshe ruwa daga nutsar.
Tsuntsaye
Mazaunin waɗannan tsuntsayen ya yi daidai da mazaunin tsuntsayen bakin teku - waɗannan duka koguna ne, tabkuna, tekuna da tafkuna na yankin Krasnodar. Ruwa kawai a gare su shine ƙaunataccen abin kusa.
Chegrava
Wani katon tsuntsu daga dangin gull wanda yakai mita 0.6 a tsayi tare da nauyinsa yakai 700 g kuma fikafikansa yakai kimanin mita 1.4. Abubuwan da aka banbanta sune jan baki mai ƙarfi, farin ƙyallen, ƙafafun launin ruwan kasa masu duhu da kuma wutsiya mai ɗan kaɗan. Mata da yara suna da launi iri ɗaya. A lokacin kiwo, baƙar fata mai ƙawata kai.
Gaskiya. Yana kwan ƙwai sau ɗaya a shekara. Clutch (ƙwai 2-3) iyayen biyu suna kyankyashe su a madadin.
Gegravs suna kirkirar yankuna a tsibirai da gabar teku mai yashi, kuma a cikin gudu suna fuka fukafukansu sannu a hankali (ba kamar sauran duniyoyin ba). Mafi kyawun abinci shine kifi, amma lokaci-lokaci tabarau yana cin kwari, ƙananan beraye, kajin / ƙwai na sauran tsuntsaye.
Chomga
Ita ce babban katako. Tsuntsu mai girman agwagwa tare da kyakkyawan wuya da madaidaiciya baki, an zana shi da sautuka uku - fari, ja da baki. An sanya rigunan bikin aure na Greyhound da jan "abun wuya" da ɗankwalin gashin tsuntsu mai duhu a kai.
Manyan mutane suna kafa nest masu iyo (daga reeds da cattails) har zuwa 0.6 m a diamita da kuma 0.8 m a tsayi, inda mata suke ƙwai 3-4. Barin gida, Babban Mafi Girma baya manta rufe rufe da tsire-tsire na ruwa, yana kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye da baƙi masu haɗari.
Mahaifiyar na dauke da kajin da aka kyankyashe a bayanta tsawon makonni 2, wani lokaci ta kan shiga cikin ruwa tare da su. Babban Grebe mai zurfin zurfafawa ya yi iyo sosai, yana samun babban abinci - mollusks da kifi. Yana tashi da kyau da sauri, duk da haka, kawai lokacin da ya cancanta.
Tsuntsaye na Littafin Ja
Littafin Bayanai na Red na farko na Yankin Krasnodar an buga shi a cikin 1994, amma ya sami matsayin hukuma ne kawai bayan shekaru 7. Bugawa ta sabon littafin Red Data Book yana nazarin yanayin fauna na RF, barazana (na ainihi da annabta) game da banbancin ta, musamman ga jinsunan da ke zaune a Kuban.
Mahimmanci. Yanzu a cikin littafin Red Book na Krasnodar Territory akwai sama da nau'in 450 na flora / fauna na cikin gida, gami da nau'ikan 56 na ƙananan tsuntsaye masu haɗari.
Jerin wadanda aka kare sun hada da loon mai bakin ciki, mai kunkuntar ciki, mai laushi, pygmy cormorant, cokalin cinya, ibex, farin da bakaken dawakai, jan-gwauron agwagwa, agwagwa, dan damfara, dorin gaggafa, agwagwa mai ido, macijin maciji, osprey, gaggawar fari mikiya mai hangowa, griffon ungulu, gaggafa ta zinariya, ungulu ungulu, ungulu, ungulu, gemu, peregrine falcon, steppe kestrel, Caucasian snowcock, crane grey, Caucasian black grouse, Siberian grouse, belladonna, bustard, avdotka, Little bustard, gold plover, stilt , makiyaya da steppe tirkushki, gull da kai mai duhu, gwal, kurciya, gull, gull da ƙaramin tern, mujiya mikiya, lark da katako mai laushi, shrike mai ruwan toka, jan-kai mai sarauta, mai hawa bango, babban lentil, murmushin izgili mai raɗaɗi, motley mai ɗan gajeren kafa mai baƙar fata.
