Ruff na kowa shine ɗayan sananniyar kifin ruwa a Rasha, wanda yake na ruff dangin suna ɗaya. Waɗannan dangin na kusa da perch sun fi son zama a cikin koguna ko tabkuna tare da ruwa mai tsabta da yashi, mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin dutse. Mafi fasalin fasalin waɗannan kifin shine ƙayayuwa waɗanda da finafinansu da ƙusoshin jikinsu suke sanye da su, kazalika da saurin fushi: yana faruwa ne cewa ruffs suna afkawa kifayen farauta waɗanda suka fi su girma.
Bayanin ruff
Raffar da aka saba da ita shine kifin mai matsakaiciyar ruwa mai ƙyalƙyali daga dangin dangi, wanda shine mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu huɗu waɗanda ke cikin jinsin ruffs. Ya yadu a cikin koguna da tabkuna na Turai da arewacin Asiya, inda ake samun kusan ko'ina.
Bayyanar
Fisharamin kifi tare da madaidaiciyar jiki wanda aka ɗan matse shi daga ɓangarorin, ya taɓa wutsiya. Shugaban ruff ya fi girma, tare da manyan, idanu masu lankwasawa da ƙananan kusurwa na bakin ciki.
Launin idanun wannan kifin yawanci ruwan hoda ne, amma akwai wasu tabarau, har suyi launin shuɗi. Thealibin bakar fata ne, babba, zagaye.
An rufe jikin da ƙananan sikeli masu kauri, amma kusan babu shi a kan kai. wutsiya ba ta da ɗan kaɗan, an daɗe.
Babban fasalin waje na waɗannan kifin sun haɗa da sifofin halayya na waje kamar kashin baya, wanda ya ƙare a ƙasusuwa da kasusuwa da ƙoshin baya.
Launi ya bambanta dangane da mazaunin. Mafi halayyar ruffs ita ce baya, wanda aka zana a cikin launuka masu launin toka-kore, ɓangarorin rawaya da launin ciki mai launin toka ko fari. Bugu da ƙari, a kan ma'auni, har ma a kan ƙugu da ƙafafun ƙugu, akwai alamun baƙi a cikin ƙananan ƙananan aibobi da dige. Abubuwan da firam ɗin ke ciki sun fi girma kuma kusan basu da launi.
Abin sha'awa! Ruffs da ke rayuwa a jikin ruwa tare da ƙasa mai yashi sun fi launi launi fiye da wakilan wannan nau'in da ke rayuwa a cikin koguna da tabkuna tare da ƙasa mai laka.
Bugu da kari, akwai nau'ikan siffofi da yawa na ruff na gama gari, ya bambanta da tsarin jiki. Daga cikin wakilan wannan nau'in, suna zaune a sassa daban-daban na koguna, haka kuma suna zaune kusa da gabar teku da kuma jagorancin rayuwa ta kusa-da-kasa, akwai "siriri" ko kuma, akasin haka, "mutane masu girman jiki". Hakanan ana lura da bambance-bambance a cikin adadin kashin baya da haskoki a cikin ƙofar bayan da kuma a cikin yawan ƙwanƙwasa a kan faranti.
Ba a bayyana cikakken yanayin jima'i a cikin ruff gama gari ba. Koyaya, a cikin maza na wannan nau'in, tsayin jiki, tsayin ƙwanƙolin sama da rabin ƙofar dorsal, da kuma girman idanu, yawanci ya fi na mata girma.
Girman kifi
A matsayinka na doka, tsawon ruffs, a matsakaita, yakai 8-12 cm Amma daga cikin waɗannan kifin akwai kuma manya manya, waɗanda tsayin jikinsu ya wuce 20 cm, kuma nauyin zai iya zama gram 100 ko fiye, duk da cewa yawan abin da aka saba don su - 15-25 grams.
Rayff rayuwa
Ruff ba shi da ma'ana ga mahalli kuma yana dacewa da yanayin yanayin rayuwa daban-daban. Ya fi so ya jagoranci rayuwa mai banƙyama kuma, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, yana kusantar da ƙasan tafkin, lokaci-lokaci kawai yakan tashi zuwa saman.
A cikin ruwa mara zurfi, ana iya samun waɗannan kifin ne kawai a lokacin kaka da bazara, saboda sun fi son rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma a cikin zurfin a lokacin dumi, ruwan yana da zafi sosai, shi ya sa ruffs ba su da kwanciyar hankali sosai a wurin.
Sun fi aiki a lokacin faduwar rana, tunda a wannan lokacin ne wakilan wannan nau'in yawanci suke zuwa neman ganima. Lifestyleasan rayuwar waɗannan kifin yana da alaƙa ba kawai tare da gaskiyar cewa akwai abincin da ya fi dacewa a gare su a zurfin ba, har ma da gaskiyar cewa ruffs ba sa son haske mai haske kuma sun fi son duhu. Wannan kuma yana ƙayyade al'adar su ta zama a ƙarƙashin snag, da kuma kusa da bankunan raƙuman ruwa da ƙarƙashin gadoji.
Ruff ya cire daga cikin ruwan bristles, yana yada ƙaya kuma a lokaci guda yayi kama da juyayi fiye da kifi.
Waɗannan kifayen suna rarrabewa ta hanyar halayen haɗari, kuma yana faruwa cewa idan ruff ya tashi daga tsaro zuwa kai hari, ya sanya koda yunwar jirgi mai yunwa.
Har yaushe ruff yake rayuwa
Tsaran rayuwar wakilan wannan nau'in ya dogara da jinsinsu. An san cewa mata suna rayuwa mafi tsawo - har zuwa shekaru 11, yayin da rayuwar maza ba ta wuce shekaru 7-8 ba. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin yawancin matasa ne, waɗanda shekarunsu ba su wuce shekaru uku ba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Matsakaicin ruff gama gari yana da yawa sosai. Don haka, ana iya samun waɗannan kifin a cikin tafkunan ruwa a arewa da gabashin Faransa, a gabashin Burtaniya, a cikin magudanan kogunan da ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Baltic, da kuma a tsakiya da gabashin Turai. Ana samun waɗannan kifaye a arewacin Asiya da kuma Trans-Urals, inda suke rayuwa har zuwa Kogin Kogin Kogin. Daga rabi na biyu na karni na 20, ruffs sun fara bayyana a cikin ruwayen Turai da wajen wajan da suka saba. Misali, ana samun su a cikin yankin Scotland Loch Lomond, haka kuma a cikin tabkunan Norway, Italiya da kuma a Rhone delta da ke gabar Bahar Rum ta Faransa.
Abin sha'awa! A cikin 1980s, ƙawancen gama gari ya zauna a Sabuwar Duniya, a arewacin Amurka, inda mazaunan wannan jinsin suka riga sun kafu. A lokaci guda, babu wanda ya yi tunanin kawo ruffs zuwa Amurka da gangan, don haka, bisa dukkan alamu, waɗannan kifaye sun isa wurin ba zato ba tsammani, tare da ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi a kan jiragen ruwa a matsayin ballast.
Dangane da daidaituwarsa, wannan kifin ya zama gama gari: ana iya samun sa ba kawai a cikin tafkunan ruwa tare da sabo ba, har ma a cikin tabkuna da ruwa mai ɗan kaɗan. Zurfin da ake samu ruf yana iya kaiwa daga 0.25 zuwa mita 85, kuma zafin ruwan da kifin yake jin daɗi ya fara ne daga + 0-2 zuwa + 34.4 digiri. Koyaya, tuni lokacin da zafin ruwan ya tashi zuwa +20 digiri, ruff suna zuwa neman wuri mai sanyaya ko, idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba saboda wasu dalilai, sai su rasa aiki kuma su zama masu sanyin jiki.
Mafi yawan yarda, ruffs suna zama a cikin rafuffuka masu nutsuwa da tabkuna tare da ƙasa mai laushi maimakon ƙasa mai duwatsu, yayin da galibi ake zaba a matsayin matsuguni mai zurfin isa da kuma inuwar sassan jikin ruwa wanda babu wadataccen ciyawar ruwa.
Abinci na yau da kullun ruff
Kifi ne mai farauta wanda ke ciyar da kwayoyin halittar benthic, abincin sa ya dogara da shekaru. Misali, soyayyen da ya fito kwanan nan daga ƙwai yana cin rotifer mafi yawa, kuma, yana girma, yana cin abinci akan cyclops, daphnia, ƙananan ɓawon burodi da ƙwarin jini. Fishananan kifayen suna cin ƙananan ɓaure da tsutsotsi da leda. Manya manya sun fi son cin soya da ƙananan kifi. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ruffs suna da yawan faɗi, bayan sun ninka, suna iya rage yawan kifaye na wasu jinsunan da ke rayuwa a cikin tafki ɗaya tare da su.
Don farauta cikin nasara, ruffs baya buƙatar gani da kyau, tunda lokacin neman ganima sun fi son amfani da hangen nesa ba kamar layin gefe ba - gabobin ji na musamman, wanda waɗannan kifin suke kama koda ƙaramar canjin ruwa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ruffs galibi suna farawa ne tun yana da shekaru 2-3, yayin da girman jikinsu bai zama ƙasa da 10-12 ba. balaga a cikin matasa ruffs na iya faruwa a baya, tuni yana da shekara ɗaya.
Wakilan wannan nau'in sun tsiro daga tsakiyar watan Afrilu zuwa farkon Yuni, yayin da yawan zafin ruwan da acid dinsa ba su da wani muhimmanci a wurinsu. Ruffs yana haɓaka cikin nasara duka a + 6 da + digiri 18. Waɗannan kifin suna yin ƙwai a zurfin zurfin da bai cika mita 3 ba. A lokaci guda, ruffs na iya amfani da nau'ikan matattara iri-iri azaman wurin shimfiɗa.
A lokacin lokacin haihuwa guda daya, mace daga wannan nau'in na iya sanyawa zuwa kamawa 2-3, wanda yawanci ya kunshi daga kwai dubu 10 zuwa 200, girman kowannensu ya fara daga 0.34 zuwa 1.3 mm. Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa yawan kwayayen ya dogara da shekaru da kuma girman mace, kuma idan ya fi girma, to karuwar zata kasance. Yawancin lokaci, caviar a farkon kama ya fi launin rawaya, kuma yawan ƙwai ya fi na biyu ko na uku girma.
Bayan kwanaki 5-12, toya ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai da ruff ɗin mata suka saka, wanda girmansa ya kai daga 3.5 zuwa 4.4 mm. A cikin farkon kwanaki 3-7 na rayuwa, tsutsar kifin wannan nau'in ba su da aiki, amma daga kimanin mako guda, samari masu ruff sun fara iyo sosai da abinci. Koyaya, a wannan shekarun, toya har yanzu yana tafiyar da rayuwa ta kadaici, kuma kar ya ɓace cikin makarantu, kamar yadda kifin da ya balaga yake yi.
Yawancin kwai masu yawa a cikin haɗuwa ta ruɗi gama gari saboda gaskiyar mutuwar mace-mace a cikin wakilan wannan nau'in ya yi yawa sosai: ƙalilan daga cikin kifayen kifayen ne ke da damar rayuwa har zuwa girma.
Yawancin kwai da yara na wannan kifin mai ruwa mai ɗumi wanda mata masu yawan rufi suka sanya suna mutuwa saboda dalilai daban-daban: saboda cututtuka, rashin abinci da iskar oxygen a lokacin sanyi, ko kuma masu lalata su sun lalata su.
Makiya na halitta
Manyan abokan gaba na ruffs na yau da kullun sun haɗa da wasu nau'ikan kifin masu farauta, kamar su pike ko pike perch, da kuma manyan ƙoshin lafiya. Hakanan, wakilan wannan nau'in, kodayake ba sau da yawa, zasu iya lalata kifin kifi, eels, burbot da kifin kifi. Wasu lokuta a tsakanin ruffs na yau da kullun akwai al'amuran cin naman mutane. Bugu da kari, tsuntsayen dabbobi, kamar su cormorants ko heron, suma na iya zama hadari ga wannan nau'in kifin, da masu kamun kifi da kananan agwagi, kamar, misali, masu shigowa, don yara.
Darajar kasuwanci
Duk da cewa ruff wani kifi ne mai ɗanɗano, ba shi da darajar kasuwanci. Mutanen da ke wannan nau'in masu kamun kifi ne kawai ke kama su, daga cikinsu ana daukar kunnen da aka yi da ruff a matsayin abinci mai dadi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Saboda yawan mutane na wannan nau'in da kuma yankin da suke rarrabawa, ba zai yuwu a kirga koda kusan adadin ruffs a duniya ba. Koyaya, a bayyane yake cewa waɗannan kifayen ba a fili barazanar barazanar su ba. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa aka sanya ruff na gama gari matsayin kiyayewa - Nau'in Ra'ayin Mafi astaranci.
Da farko kallo, ruff na iya zama kamar kifi ne mai ban mamaki. Bai bambanta da launin launi ba, kuma, kamar yawancin sauran mazaunan ruwa, an rufe su da launi daga ƙasa. Koyaya, wakilan wannan jinsin ya banbanta da tsananin zafin nama da tsananin annashuwa, wanda ke basu damar yin nasara tare da sauran kifaye masu farauta. Kuma daidaitawa na ruffs na yau da kullun da rashin fahimta ya basu damar zama a cikin kewayon kewayo da haɓaka sabbin yankuna, kamar, alal misali, ya faru da kifin wannan nau'in daga al'ummomin Arewacin Amurka.
