Dabba, saboda kusancin ta da mutane, ana ɗaukarsa mafi ƙarancin karatu na ɗimbin halittu. Hakanan, kuzu kuzu shine mafi yawan nau'ikan halittu tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a Australia.
Bayanin kamannin fox mai siffa
Trichosurus vulpecula yana da sunaye da yawa na hukuma (mai kamannin fox, brushtail, kuzu-fox gama gari) kuma na dangin couscous ne daga umarnin Dvoretstsovye marsupials.
Bayyanar, girma
Wannan kyakkyawa ce, kodayake wata dabba ce mai nauyin kiba mai kaifin baki, wanda daddarewar kunnuwa ke bullowa, lebba babba mai raba ido da duhu zagaye idanuwa. Babban incisors na ƙananan muƙamuƙi ya bambanta da ƙananan canines.
Nauyin babban kuzarin kuzu ya bambanta daga kilogiram 1.2 zuwa 4.5 (ƙasa da haka har zuwa kilogiram 5) tare da tsawon jiki na 35-55 cm Wutsiyar balaga, wacce ke girma zuwa 24-35 cm, ba ta da komai sai a ƙarshen saman da aka rufe da fata mai tauri. Jikin fatal mai siffar fox yana da tsayi da tsawo, wuyansa gajere ne, kan yana da tsayi. A kan kunnuwa (tsirara gaba ɗaya a ciki) gashin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa. Vibrissae doguwa ne kuma baƙi, rabi na biyu na jela suna da launi iri ɗaya.
Theafafun kuzu ba su da gashi, ana iya ganin ƙusoshin ƙafa a kan manyan yatsun ƙafafun kafa na baya: a ɗayan yatsun, ƙafafun suna da sikila, tsayi da ƙarfi. Kuzu na Kuzu suna da glandon fata na musamman (kusa da dubura) wanda ke samar da sirri tare da kamshi mai ƙarfi.
Gaskiya. Mafi shahararrun wakilan jinsin tare da mafi tsananin fur (gami da wutsiya) suna zaune a Tasmania. Kuzu na gida ya ninka danginsu sau 2-3 sau da yawa a Arewacin Ostiraliya kuma suna da ƙarancin gashi tare da goga mara haske a jela.
Yankin yana tantance launin dabbobi - yana iya zama daban, daga fari zuwa launin toka zuwa ruwan kasa ko baki, kuma rigar yankin da ke ƙasa da ƙananan wuya koyaushe tana da sauƙi. Albinos kuma ana samun su a cikin ɗumbin halittar fox.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Kokarin kuzu aboki ne, mai bin wani yanki kuma yana lura da matsayin matsayin sharaɗi. Tsayawa wani makircin mutum, wanda a tsakiyarsa akwai bishiyun bishiyoyi, yana faruwa da wuri kafin shekaru 3-4. Makircin namiji ya kai hekta 3-8, na mace - kadan kaɗan, hekta 1-5.
Kuzu alama kan iyakoki, baƙi jajirtattu (galibi jinsi ɗaya da daidaikun abokan zama), amma ba da damar 'yan ƙabilar maza da mata ko kuma waɗanda ke ƙasa da matsayinsu su kasance a yankin su. Da rana, posum mai siffar fox yana bacci, yana fita neman abinci awanni 1-2 bayan faduwar rana.
Yawancin lokaci suna zama mafaka:
- m thickets;
- "Gida" ko ramuka na bishiyoyi;
- watsi ko ƙananan gine-ginen da aka yi amfani da su (ɗakuna da ɗakuna)
Kuzu yana tafiya a hankali a ƙasa, amma ba ya nuna wata damuwa a kan bishiyar, duk da kyakkyawan dacewar hawa dutsen. Tsarin motsinsa na yau da kullun ya sanya shi zama ba kamar mai wayo ba, amma kamar mai saurin kasala.
Wutsiyar da ke gaban ruwa tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tafiya tare da kututturan da rawanin, tare da taimakon wanda dabbar ke tsaye a kan reshe sannan kawai sai ta fara aiki da kaifi masu kamannin sikila. Don neman abinci, Kuzu bai takaita ga bincika bishiyoyin da ke kewaye ba, har ma yana yawo a ƙasa, yana bincika gine-ginen da ke kusa idan sun haɗu da shi a kan hanyarsa.
Hanya mai siffar fox ba ta jin kunyar kusanci da mutane, wacce kawai yake amfana da ita. Dabbobi suna da lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, suna ƙirƙirar yawancin yankuna masu hayaniya a wurin.
Kuzu yana son yin magana tare da magana, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka san shi a matsayin ɗayan marsupials masu saurin muryar - mutum yana jin kukansa a nesa har zuwa kilomita 0.3. Ire-iren siginar sauti, a cewar masanan ilmin dabbobi, an bayyana su ne ta hanyar kasancewar wani bangare na maƙogwaro na maƙogwaro (kamar girman ƙwarya), wanda babu shi a sauran marsupials. Godiya ga wannan kayan aikin, kuzu ya yi ihu, ya yi ihu, ya ji ƙai, ya fashe, ya yi ɗoki har ma da murɗawa.
Tsawon lokacin Fox kuzu?
Goge goge yana rayuwa ne kimanin shekaru 11-15, kuma yana sanya rikodin lokacin rayuwa lokacin da aka kama shi. Af, ana iya samun damar mallakar kuli-kuli yadda ake amfani da fox, ya saba da sabon abinci ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma baya nuna cin zali ga masu shi kwata-kwata (ba ya yin laushi, baya cizawa ko cinta). Koyaya, akwai 'yan kaɗan daga mutane da suke son kiyaye kuzu a gida: irin wannan ƙamshin ƙamshin yana fitowa daga jikinsa.
Jima'i dimorphism
Bambanci tsakanin jinsi za'a iya gano girmansa - mace ta kuzu kuzu ta fi maza girma. Kari akan haka, maza suna da kyakyawar kyamar fata wacce take a kirji. Ana iya rarrabe mace ta hanyar rubutaccen fata na fata a ciki, inda take ɗaukar ɗanta bayan haihuwa.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin mai kama da fox ya mamaye yawancin Australiya (musamman gabashinta, arewa da kudu maso yamma), da kuma Tsibirin Kangaroo da Tasmania. A cikin busassun yankuna masu bushe-bushe na babban yankin Ostiraliya, fox kuzu ba safai ba. A cikin karni kafin karshe, an gabatar da jinsin zuwa New Zealand. Anan kuzu sun yi yawa don sun zama babbar barazana ga wasan cikin gida.
Abin sha'awa. Masana ilmin namun daji suna zargin cewa Kuzu ne (manyan masoya ƙwai tsuntsaye da kajin) waɗanda ke da alhakin raguwar yawan kiwi, wanda ke keɓe ne kawai a New Zealand.
Wutsiyoyi masu bushewa sau da yawa sukan zauna a cikin yankunan daji ko kuma dazuzzuka masu yawa, amma kuma suna zaune a cikin bishiyoyi da keɓaɓɓun wurare. Kuzu basa jin tsoron biranen da suke zaune a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa.
Abinci na kuzu
A wasu yankuna, har zuwa kashi 95% na abincin kuzu na yau da kullun ya sauka akan ganyen eucalyptus, kuma a cikin dazuzzukan daji, ganyen bishiyar baƙin ƙarfe, wanda yake da dafi sosai ga dabbobi, ya zama babban abincinsa.
Gabaɗaya, abincin abincin kifin mai siffar fox ya haɗa da kayan shuka da na dabbobi:
- cakuda ganye;
- furanni da ‘ya’yan itace;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- invertebrates;
- qwai tsuntsaye;
- kananan vertebrates.
Idan dabbobin suna zaune kusa da wuraren kiwo, da yardar rai sukan ci amfanin gona na kiwo ko kuma cin abinci a kan bishiyar fure, suna zama a cikin lambunan birni.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A Ostiraliya, lokacin saduwa da kuzu na kuzu ba'a iyakance shi da tsari mai tsauri ba, amma an sami karuwar halayyar jima'i a lokacin bazara da kaka (wasu ma'aurata suna samun zuriya a dukkan lokuta biyun). A kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya, yawan haihuwa a cikin watan Mayu - Yuni. A cikin New Zealand, kuzu wasan mating na ƙarshe daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli. A wannan lokacin, mata suna da matukar damuwa kuma tare da tsananin wahalar shigar da masu neman su, suna kiyaye su daga nesa mai nisan kimanin mita 1.
Neman rarrabuwar kawuna, wayo na maza, bada alamun amo na natsuwa wanda zai iya tuno da sautin wani saurayi. A ƙarshen saduwa, abokin zama ya bar mace mai ciki, gaba ɗaya yana ƙin ɗaukar nauyin uba.
Ciki yana da gajarta sosai kuma yakan ɗauki kwanaki 16-18. Mace takan kawo onea onea guda (a lokuta mawuyaci, tagwaye), wanda take ciyarwa da madara kuma tana ɗauke da jaka na kimanin watanni shida. Bayan an bar yar jakar, thean tsuntsu yana rarrafe akan uwarsa yana zaune a can na wasu watanni, kodayake ya riga ya sami damar tauna abinci mai ƙarfi da kansa. Milk ciyarwa yana tsayawa a watanni 6-10. Kuzu dawakai suna shirye don haifuwa bayan shekara ta farko ko ta biyu ta rayuwa.
Makiya na halitta
Dabbobin dabba da fuka-fukai masu farauta ne masu farautar fox:
- falcons (wasu nau'in);
- Mikiya mai tsaka-tsaka;
- hawks (nau'ikan da aka zaɓa);
- Aku na New Zealand kea aku;
- saka idanu kadangaru (a cikin tsaunuka da hamadar hamada);
- fox da dingo karnuka;
- kuliyoyin kuliyoyi.
Jerin abokan gaba na fox kuzu yana karkashin jagorancin wani mutum wanda ya hallaka dabbobi saboda gashinsu mai mahimmanci, wanda aka fitar dashi da adadi mai yawa daga babban yankin Australia.
Gaskiya. An sani cewa a cikin 1906, an sayar da fatun kuzu miliyan 4 na kuzu a kasuwannin fur na London da New York, waɗanda aka miƙa a ƙarƙashin sunayen "Australian possum" da "Adelaide chinchilla".
'Yan asalin Ostiraliya da New Zealand sun kashe wutsiyoyin goga ba wai kawai don haskensu da dumi duminsu ba, har ma da naman, duk da irin warin da yake da shi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Rukunin farko na fox kuzu (don ci gaban kasuwancin fata) an kawo shi zuwa New Zealand a 1840, kuma a 1924 dabbobin sun ƙaru ƙwarai da gaske cewa fitar da fatu ya zama kyakkyawar hanyar samun kuɗi. Farin cikin mafarautan bai kammalu ba - ya zama cewa sojojin masu kama da kuliyoyi ba kawai suna cutar da shanu da tarin fuka ba, har ma suna haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyara ta ba ga ciyawar gida, musamman, bishiyoyi.
Kasancewa sun zauna a cikin dazuzzuka na New Zealand, wutsiyoyi masu bushewa da sauri sun sauya zuwa sabon nau'in abinci a gare su - ganyen kyawawan bishiyoyin da aka yarda da su a matsayin mai ƙarancin ƙasar. Ganyen ya yi dadi sosai saboda yawan jama'a ya karu zuwa 50 a kan hectare 50 (ya ninka na Australiya sau 25). Gaskiya ne, kadan daga baya, adadin dabbobi har yanzu ya ragu, yana zuwa kusan mutane 6-10 a kowace kadada, amma a wannan lokacin wasu daga cikin bishiyar sun riga sun ɓace babu makawa, kuma Kuzu sun canza zuwa wasu, duk da cewa basu da kyau (a cikin yanayin gastronomic).
New Zealand ta zama aljanna ta gaske ga kursi kuzu. Babu wasu 'yan kama-karya na Ostiraliya (kamar dingoes), masu gasa abinci har ma da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke kula da haɓakar Kuzu da ba a sarrafawa.
Baseaƙƙarfan tushen abinci ya ba da damar yin abokai har ma da irin waɗannan dabbobin ɗari bisa ɗari kamar wutsiyar goga. A cikin New Zealand mai wadata, sun daina yin gasa da juna, kamar yadda suka saba a Australia, kuma suka fara zama kusa da juna, suna mamaye ƙananan makirce-makirce.
Bayan fewan shekaru daga baya, Kuzu, wanda ya ƙaddamar da tsarin canza tsarin gandun daji a New Zealand, dole ne ya canza zuwa waɗancan bishiyoyi da suka rage: mafi daɗin daɗi a wancan lokacin tuni an riga an 'yanta shi daga ganyayen kuma an yanke musu hukuncin mutuwa nan ba da daɗewa ba. Dangane da sabbin bayanai, mazaunan yankin kuzu dazu kusan mutane miliyan 70, ninki biyu na raguna a New Zealand.
Ana gudanar da kamun kifi na Kuzu a tsibirin. Tasmania Bugu da kari, an ba da izinin fitar da nau'in zuwa Tsibirin Kangaroo, inda wutsiyoyi masu laushi suke cutar da mutane da flora na cikin gida. Hakanan kuma an san dashi mai kama da fox a matsayin kwaro a Ostiraliya, inda yake haifar da babbar illa ga gonakin itacen.
Littafin IUCN Red Data Book ya lissafa kuzu a matsayin "Karamar Damuwa" saboda yaduwar jinsin, ya dauki adadi mai yawa da kuma zama a wuraren da aka kiyaye. Masu kiyaye muhalli na da yakinin cewa babu wata mummunar barazana ga jinsin, sai dai yawan sare manyan bishiyoyi.
