Moonfish wata halitta ce wacce kamanninta zai iya girgiza kowa. Idan aka kalli babban jikin mai kamannin diski, da alama cewa wurinsa baya cikin ruwa, amma a sarari.
Bayanin watan kifi
Luna-kifi, ita tawadar mola ce, ta sami sunan ta na tsakiya saboda wani dalili. Yana nuna sunansa na kimiyya ga jinsin Mola da nau'in Mola. Fassara daga Latin, wannan kalmar tana nufin "dutsen niƙa" - babban abu mai zagaye na launin toka-shuɗi. Sunan yana da kyau sosai game da bayyanar mazaunin ruwa.
Harshen Ingilishi na sunan wannan kifin yana kama da Tekun sunfish. Ta karbe ta ne saboda kaunar ta na wanka, tana kwance a gefenta kusa da yadda shimfidar ruwan take. Kifi, kamar dai, yana tashi ne domin ya yi biris da rana. Koyaya, dabbar tana bin wasu manufofi, sai ta tashi don ganin "likita" - dorinan ruwa, wanda da bakinsu, kamar zuma, cikin sauƙi ke cire ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa daga ƙarƙashin fatar kifin.
Tushen Turai suna kiran shi watan kifi, majiyar Jamus suna kiransa mai shawagi.
Kasance haka kawai, kwayar halittar tana daya daga cikin manyan wakilan kifaye masu kyau na zamani. Nauyinsa, a matsakaita, tan ɗaya ne, amma a wasu lokuta ba safai ba zai iya kaiwa biyu.
Kifin yana da sifofin jiki na gaske. Jikin zagaye, wanda aka lura da shi ya daidaita daga bangarorin, an kawata shi da manyan ƙusoshin hanji da ƙwanji. Wutsiya ta fi kama da tsarin da ake kira masara.
Sunfish ba shi da ma'auni, jikinta a rufe da fata mai tauri da taushi, wanda har ma zai iya canza launi a yanayin gaggawa. Harboon talaka baya ɗaukar shi. Fatar na roba ne, an rufe ta da laushi. Kogin ruwan yana da launi daban-daban dangane da mazaunin sa. Hutun ya fara ne daga launin ruwan kasa, launin toka zuwa launin shuɗi mai haske.
Hakanan, ba kamar sauran kifi ba, moonfish yana da karancin kashin baya, bashi da kayan kashi a kwarangwal. Kifin ba shi da haƙarƙari, ƙashin ƙugu da mafitsara na iyo.
Duk da irin girman nan, wata yana da karamin baki, wanda yayi kama da bakin aku. Hakora haɗe tare suna haifar da wannan ra'ayi.
Bayyanar, girma
Mola mola shine mafi girma kuma mafi shahara a duk nahiyoyi a cikin ruwan dumi da kuma yanayi. Mola ramsayi, wani kifin Sunf na Kudancin Kudu, yana iyo a ƙasa da tsaka-tsakin cikin ruwa a Australia, New Zealand, Chile, da Afirka ta Kudu.
Matsakaiciyar ruwan da ke fasa ruwa yana da tsayin mita 2.5 da tsayi mita 2. A wannan yanayin, mafi girman alamomi suna da alaƙa da iyakancin mita 4 da 3, bi da bi. An kama mafi girman moonfish a cikin 1996. Matar ta yi nauyin kilogram 2300. Don sauƙin kwatantawa, wannan girman girman farin karkanda ne.
Wadannan kifin, kodayake bisa ka'ida cikakkiyar aminci ga mutane, suna da girma wanda idan sun yi karo da kwale-kwale, akwai matsala ga jirgin da kuma kansu. Musamman idan jigilar ruwa tana tafiya cikin sauri.
A shekarar 1998, jirgin ruwan MV Goliath na dakon suminti da ke kan hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa ta Sydney ya gamu da dusar mai nauyin kilogiram 1,400. Wannan taron nan take ya rage gudu daga 14 zuwa 10 kulli, sannan kuma ya hana yankin jirgin fenti har zuwa karfen da kansa.
Jikin wani karamin kifi ya lullubeshi da kashin baya, wanda a hankali zai bace yayin da dabbar ke girma da girma.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Don haka, ta yaya dabba, wacce ta yi daidai da tarkon mai yawo a ƙarƙashin ruwa, ya nuna hali kuma ya motsa a cikin layin ruwa? Kwayar tana motsawa a da'ira, ta amfani da bayanta da kuma fincinsa a matsayin fikafikan biyu da wutsiya a matsayin jagora yayin aiwatarwa. Ba shi da tasiri sosai, amma duk da haka yana aiki aƙalla. Kifin yana da ruwa sosai kuma baya sauri.
Da farko dai, masana kimiyya sun tabbata cewa kwayar halittar na bata dukkan lokacin ta ne a karkashin ruwa. Koyaya, kyamarar da abin auna, wanda wasu wakilan jinsunan ke sawa, ya nuna cewa suna buƙatar shi ne kawai don tsabtace jiki daga ƙwayoyin cuta da yanayin zafi. Sauran ragowar lokacin da dabbar za ta yi aikin neman abinci a zurfin kimanin mita 200, saboda babban abincin da ke samar musu shine jellyfish da siphonophores - nau'ikan kwayoyin halittar mulkin mallaka. Baya ga su da zooplankton, squid, kananan crustaceans, larvae mai zurfin teku na iya zama babban tushen abinci, tun da jellyfish yawancin kayayyaki ne, amma ba mai gina jiki ba musamman.
Bari mu koma ga masu cutar, saboda yaƙin da ake yi da su yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na rayuwar wannan kifin. Dole ne ku yarda cewa mai yiwuwa ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a tsaftace jiki, wanda a cikin kamala yake kama da babban farantin jiki. Kuma kwatancen tare da farantin shine mafi nasara, saboda ƙwayoyin mucous da fatar kwayar halitta suna matsayin wuri don ciyar da tarin smallananan marasa lafiya, masu cutar. Don haka, Sunfish yana da ƙananan matsaloli game da tsabtar mutum. Masana kimiyya sun yi rikodin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kwari 50 a saman jiki, da kuma cikin jikinta. Don fahimtar aƙalla kaɗan yadda rashin jin daɗin hakan a gare ta, ana iya ba da misali ɗaya. Copepod Penella yana binne kansa a cikin naman kwayar halitta kuma yana sakin sarkar ƙwai a cikin ramin da aka bayar.
Tafiya zuwa saman yana taimakawa jimre wa aikin kifin tebur na iyo. Tana tashi kusa-kusa tana jiran gululu, albatrosses da sauran tsuntsayen teku, wadanda ke gwanintar cirewa da cinye masaukin da ba'a so. Hakanan, shan rana yana da amfani domin ɗaga zafin jikin, wanda ya faɗo daga dogon zaman a zurfin.
Sau nawa kifin wata zai rayu
Babu wanda ya san da gaske tsawon lokacin da kwayar halittar ta rayu a cikin daji. Amma kiyasin farko, la'akari da bayanai kan girma da ci gaba, da kuma yanayin rayuwar kifin, ya nuna cewa zasu rayu har zuwa shekaru 20. A lokaci guda, akwai bayanan da ba a tabbatar da su ba cewa mata na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 105, kuma maza har zuwa 85. Abin da bayanan ya ɓoye gaskiya - kash, ba a bayyana ba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A matsayin wani bangare na karatun digirinta na uku, masanin kimiyyar New Zealand Marianne Nyegaard ta tsara DNA na sama da kifin 150 na kifin mai. Ana samun kifin a cikin ruwan sanyi, na kudu daga New Zealand, Tasmania, South Australia, South South South Africa zuwa South Chile. Jinsi ne na daban wanda yake cinye dukkan rayuwarsa a cikin teku, kuma ba a san komai game da yanayin halittunsa ba.
Ra'ayin yanzu shine cewa moonfish yana rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai dumi da daddare, a zurfin mita 12 zuwa 50, amma kuma akwai wasu ruwa a wasu lokuta da ke ƙasa da wannan matakin yayin yini, yawanci kusan mita 40-150.
Moonfish yana da rarrabuwa a duniya, kasancewar sananne a cikin wurare masu zafi, raƙuman ruwa da kuma yanayin ruwa a duniya.
Abincin kifi na wata
Moonfish an yi imani da farko ana ciyar da jellyfish. Koyaya, abincin ta na iya haɗawa da wasu nau'ikan madadin masu cin nama, gami da ɓawon burodi, molluscs, squid, ƙananan kifi, da larvae mai zurfin teku. Lokaci-lokaci ruwa na taimaka mata samun irin wannan abinci iri-iri. Bayan tsawon lokaci a cikin sanyi mai zurfin teku, kifin ya dawo da daidaiton yanayin zafi ta hanyar dumama bangarorin da ke gefen rana kusa da saman ruwan.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ilimin halittar haihuwa da halayyar watan kifaye har yanzu basu da fahimta sosai. Amma sananne ne tabbatacce cewa sune mafi yawan kifaye (da kashin baya) a duniya.
Bayan sun isa balaga, mace mai kifin Sunfish na iya samar da ƙwai sama da miliyan 300. Koyaya, kifin da yake ƙyanƙyashe daga cikinsu an haife shi girmansa. Wata sabuwar halittar kwayar halitta tana kama da ƙaramin kan da aka sanya a cikin kayan adon Kirsimeti. Launin kariya na jarirai yana kama da tauraruwar translucent ko dusar ƙanƙara mai siffa.
Inda da kuma lokacin da ba a san ƙwayayen ƙwai ba, kodayake an gano wurare biyar da za a iya amfani da su a Arewacin da Kudancin Tekun Atlantika, a Arewa da Kudancin Fasifik, da kuma a Tekun Indiya, inda ake samun yawan juyawar ruwan teku, wanda ake kira gyres.
Wata da aka kyankyaso tsayi santimita 0.25 ne kawai. Kafin ta balaga, dole ne ta kara girman sau miliyan 60.
Amma bayyanar ba shine kawai abin da zai iya ba da mamaki ga ruwan ba. Tana hade da kifin puffer, kasancewar dangin ta na kusa.
Makiya na halitta
Babban barazanar mafi girma ga watan kifi ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin ɓarnatar da kamun kifi. Babban rabo daga kamun yana faruwa a cikin tekun Pasifik, Tekun Atlantika da Bahar Rum. Kodayake bashi da darajar kasuwanci kamar haka, saboda naman na iya kamuwa da cutuka masu haɗari, rabon kamun sa a waɗannan yankuna na iya zama kusan 90% na jimlar kamawa. Mafi yawanci, kifin bazata kama shi cikin raga ba.
Darajar kasuwanci
Da kanta, moonfish bashi da darajar kasuwanci kuma galibi yakan fada cikin tarun masunta a matsayin farautar bazata. Naman sa yana dauke da cutarwa mara lafiya ga abincin mutum, saboda yana iya kamuwa da ire-iren nau'in parasites.
Koyaya, wannan baya hana mu sanya shi wani abu mai ɗanɗano a menu na wasu ƙasashen Asiya. A Japan da Thailand, hatta guringuntsi da fatar kifi ana amfani da su don abinci. Hakanan a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, ana amfani da naman tawadar a matsayin maganin gargajiya. A lokaci guda, kusan ba zai yiwu a saya shi a cikin shago ba, amma gwada shi kawai a cikin gidan abinci mai tsada.
A Turai, an hana cinikin irin wannan kifin, saboda, ban da kamuwa da cutar ta parasitic, sanfish, kamar na kusa da shi, fugu, na iya tara abubuwa masu haɗari a jiki. A Amurka, babu irin wannan haramcin, duk da haka, saboda daidaitaccen nama kamar nama da sharar gida da yawa, ba sananne bane.
Nama yana da ƙanshin iodine mai ƙyama, yayin da yake da wadataccen arziki a cikin furotin da sauran abubuwa masu amfani. Idan, ba shakka, zamu yi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa hanta da bile na kifin na iya ɗaukar nauyin guba mai guba, idan ba a yi nasarar yanke shi cikin abincin ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu babu takamaiman takamaiman matakan kiyayewa don yawan kifin wata, kodayake IUCN na kallon kwaroron kwaroron a matsayin mai hadari, kuma da kyakkyawan dalili. Wannan kifin yakan zama wanda ke fama da rashin kamun kifi da mummunar azaba, lokacin da ya faɗa cikin tarkon masunta, saboda sau da yawa yana iyo a saman ruwa. Wataƙila, saboda irin wannan ƙaramar ƙwaƙwalwar, wannan dabba tana da jinkiri sosai kuma ba ta hanzari, sakamakon haka yakan sha wahala.
Misali, masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa dogon masunta a Afirka ta Kudu na kama kusan 340,000 kwayar halittar kwayar halitta a matsayin abin kamawa kowace shekara. Kuma a cikin Masunta na Kalifoniya, masu bincike sun gano cewa kifin teku na teku ya kai kashi 29% na jimlar kamawa, da kyau sama da lambobin da aka sa niyya.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Japan da Taiwan, kamun su na da ma'ana. Masunta na kasuwanci sun zaɓe shi a matsayin manufa don samar da abinci mai daɗin ci.
Dangane da waɗannan bayanan, ƙididdigar yawan mutane har zuwa 80% ana lasafta shi a wasu yankuna. IUCN tana zargin cewa yawan mutanen duniya na fuskantar barazanar raguwar aƙalla 30% a cikin ƙarni uku masu zuwa (shekaru 24 zuwa 30). Ba a san da yawa sosai game da yawan tecata na Mola da Mola ramsayi, waɗanda ba sa cikin IUCN ba, amma yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa su ma suna fama da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
