Barbus a adadi shine ɗayan jinsin kifayen kifin. Siffar su ta musamman ita ce rashin wayewa - shagunan da suke rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na magudanan ruwa masu zafi waɗanda ke haɗuwa da abokan gaba waɗanda ke son cin abinci akan ƙananan kifi, koda a cikin akwatin kifaye mara kyau, masu wanzuwa za su ji daɗi sosai. Wannan jinsin ma abin birgewa ne kasancewar wakilansu suna da fara'a, haske da launuka iri-iri, masu aiki iri-iri, masu fara'a da motsi. Tare da halayen da aka lissafa, suna jawo hankalin samarin mashigin ruwa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Barbus
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na ɗabi'a, yanayin ɗakunan shagunan katako suna zaune a cikin rafin ruwa a cikin China, Afirka da kuma (galibi) yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A cikin daji, ba tare da togiya, duk wakilan almara na rayuwa suna cikin garken tumaki, kuma manya-manyan ba na yau da kullun ba. Masana kimiyya-ichthyologists sunyi imanin cewa ya fi sauƙi a gare su su sami abincinsu da kuma kare kansu daga abokan gaba. Yana da wuya a ce ko wannan gaskiya ne ko ba gaskiya ba, amma irin wannan dabarar tana ba wa mashahuran yawan rike dabino dangane da yawan mutane.
Kiyaye sanduna a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi ba shi da wahala - shi ya sa matasa masu kifayen ruwa ke fara ayyukansu da "'yan fashi masu taguwar ruwa". Manuniyar sinadarai na ruwa, wanda dole ne a kula da su yayin zaɓar nau'in kifi (ma'anar taurin da acidity), ba sa taka rawa ta musamman a yanayin da ake la'akari.
Bidiyo: Barbus
Game da ruwa, barbs sun fi son tsohon, wanda aka maye gurbinsu bisa ga fasalin fasalin 1/3 na gargajiya. Bambancin tsarin zazzabi na ruwa yana tsakanin 20 - 26C. Da kyau, kula da tsayayyen gram 23-26. Akwai nau'ikan barbashi da yawa, daban-daban a cikin sifofin halittu (launi, girma, fasalin fincin) da kuma cikin halayya.
Me yasa, har ma suna da wuraren zama daban-daban! Don haka, galibi ga masu ilimin kifin ruwa da masana ilimin kifin (waɗannan kifaye suna dacewa don gudanar da kowane irin gwaji).
Dole ne muyi ma'amala da wakilai masu zuwa na jinsin mashaya:
- barbus sumatran;
- gidan wuta;
- ceri barbus;
- barbus mutant;
- barbus denisoni;
- barbus baki;
- jar barbus;
- shark barb;
- koren barbus;
- busirgar barbus;
- barbus clown
Da ke ƙasa za a yi la'akari dalla-dalla manyan wakilan jinsin mashaya, waɗanda suka fi yaduwa da shahara. Ganin gaba, yana da kyau a faɗi wordsan kalmomi game da bambancin jinsunan mashayan.
Barbus din Denisoni zai taimaka wajen rusa duk wasu maganganu game da waɗannan kifaye - wannan ba ƙaramin "zagaye" bane, wanda kowa ke tunanin ɓarnatar, amma matsakaiciyar kifi ne tare da tsayi, mai siffa irin na sandar dunƙulen da aka lulluɓe da azurfa na azurfa. Haka ne, ana adana fasali na gargajiya na barbus - ratsi - amma ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ba, ba sa yin zargi, amma tare da jiki, a cikin shugabanci daga ƙarshen hancin hanci zuwa ƙararrakin caudal.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya barbus yake?
A ambaton kalmar "barbus" a cikin zukatan mutane (idan, ba shakka, su ba masana kimiyya ba ne-ichthyologists) hoton kifi mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya ya bayyana. Wannan shine Barat Sumatran, mazaunin akwatin kifaye masu girma dabam dabam. Jikin wannan kifin gajere ne, mai tsayi kuma an dan matsa shi a bangarorin.
Idan kun kunna tunanin ku, zaku iya zuwa ga yanke hukuncin cewa surar jikin Sumatran barbus tana kama da jikin mutum kamar na fastoci. Amma masu girma dabam daban - a cikin yanayin yanayi "strian fashi masu raɗaɗi" ba sa girma fiye da 15 cm, kuma a cikin bauta girman su bai wuce ko da cm 8 ba.Kuma launi ya bambanta sosai - har ma da mafi kama da rawaya crucian irin kifi irin wannan bai taɓa samun ratsi ba.
"Katin kira" na Sumatran barbus shine alamar kasuwancinsa ratsi huɗu na baƙar fata, ta tsallaka jikin kifin ta hanyar da take wucewa. Ana ganin matsanancin ratsi a wutsiya sosai - a gefe guda, ɗayan, ratsiyoyin suna ratsa ido. Akwai tsiri mai iyaka a ƙarshen ƙarewar dorsal.
Famousananan shahararren wuta yana da jiki mai ɗorewa, wanda ɗan tsayi mai tsayi, amma a lokaci guda kuma an daidaita shi a gefunan. Don launin wannan kifin, Yanayin Uwa yayi amfani da launuka masu haske, masu ɗauke da kyawawan launuka. Wani fasali na wannan nau'in shine kasancewar wani wuri mai duhu wanda ke kewaye da kewayen zinare.
Wannan speck yana kan gaban wutsiya. Sikeli a bayan barbus mai zafi yana da tataccen zaitun mai tsire-tsire, amma gefuna da ciki suna da haske ja, wanda aka furta ebb (shine ya zama dalilin wannan sunan). Ya bambanta da kasuwar Sumatran, "mai faɗa da jituwa", wannan kifin yana nuna yanayin zaman lafiya mai ban mamaki kuma yana da kyau tare da duk kifin, koda a ƙaramin akwatin kifaye. Mafi kyawun abu yana zuwa tuntuɓar dangin su - garken shagunan barbara suna tafiyar da rayuwa mai nutsuwa.
Sai dai idan rikice-rikice na iya faruwa tare da wutsiyoyi da sikeli - ganin “sifofinsu” masu ban mamaki, har ma wannan mutumin mai nutsuwa zai tuna asalinsa. Sakamakon haka, wutsiya da ƙoshin marmari za su lalace ba tare da bege ba. Iyakar abin da ya keɓance shine kifin zinare. Barbansu ba ya taɓawa, koda suna cikin garken - suna tsoro. Ko girmamawa - babu wanda har yanzu ya koyi fahimtar yaren kifi.
Ina barbus yake rayuwa?
Photo: Kifi barbus
Game da kasuwar Sumatran, wannan tambayar ba ta dace ba - daga sunan yana da sauƙi a yi tsammani cewa babban "rajistar" wannan kifin shi ne tsibirin Sumatra da yankunan da ke kusa da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. Wurin zama na gidan wuta shine wuraren waha na kogin ruwa na arewa maso gabashin Indiya.
Babban abin da waɗannan kifaye masu haske da fara'a ke yi wa tafkin shi ne rashin wani yanayi mai tsananin gaske - shagunan da ba su dace ba za su cika tafki ko kandami da ruwa mai tsafta. Koguna masu raƙuman ruwa masu ƙarfi suma sun dace.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kamar yadda ya juya, baya ga masu ilimin ruwa, wannan kifin yana da matukar girmamawa ta ichthyologists. Tana da kyawawan halaye masu mahimmanci don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje tare da wakilan ajin kifi masu kyau.
Kudu maso gabashin Asiya ana ɗauka wurin haifuwa na ceri barbus (musamman ma, tsibirin Sri Lanka). Kifin yana rayuwa (a zahiri, kusan kamar duk danginsa) a cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa da raƙumi. Wani ma'aunin don dacewa da tafki shi ne ƙasa mai duhu, mai walƙiya.
A cikin Turai, ceri barb ya fara zuwa 1936, a cikin USSR - a 1959. Kama da Sumatran, jan shingen yana yawan zama mazaunan aquariums na sha'awa. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan albino na gwanin shaƙatawa, amma waɗannan mutane ana ɗaukarsu masu rikida ne kuma ba sa da bukata tsakanin masu aquarists. Wasu masu kiwo suna siyar dasu ga masu farawa a farashi mai tsada - da sunan "kifi mai tsananin zafi". Kuma wannan shine inda tallan ke aiki!
Barbus Denisoni wanda aka ambata a sama asalinsa ya samo asali ne daga mai binciken, wanda sunansa ya mutu, a cikin ruwan Kogin Manimala (kusa da garin Mundakayam, jihar Kerala, kudancin Indiya). Gwargwadon jinsin sanannen sanannen yanki ne na jihohin Kerala da Karnataka na Indiya. Ana iya samun ƙananan alƙaluma a cikin kogin Valapatanam, Chalia da Kupam.
Amma har yanzu, babban mazaunin kusan dukkanin wakilan genus barbus shine akwatin kifaye! Kyakkyawan akwatin kifaye na kowane barbus yakamata ya sami tsayi, ɗan tsayi mai tsayi (kuma ba zai zagaye ba) - wannan ya zama dole don kifayen da ke da rauni su sami damar "samun hanzari." Kasancewar shuke-shuke masu shawagi, haske mai haske, tacewa mai ƙarfi da ci gaba sune yanayin da ake buƙata don samun nasarar kiwo da kiyaye sandunan barbara.
Menene barbus din yake ci?
Hotuna: Barbus ɗin mata
Karkashin yanayin yanayi, kifin yana cin kananan kwari, beetles, tsutsotsi, tsutsa, kuma basa kyamar abincin tsiro. Ana kula da shagunan da ke zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye don abincin da aka saba don duk kifin kifin - kwarjinin jini da daphnia.
Kifin ya hau kan jinin da aka jefa a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da kwadayi mai ban mamaki (ba tare da la'akari da cewa mashayan yana jin yunwa ko a'a). A lokaci guda, bayan da ya haɗiye ƙwayoyin jini, yana iyo daga abincin da aka aika zuwa akwatin kifaye kuma baya kusantar sa.
Wannan ya sake shaida gaskiyar cewa waɗannan kifin ba su da cikakkiyar ma'ana game da ciyarwa, suna farin cikin cin abinci mai rai da busasshe. Manyan shagunan manyan samatran suna buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, kodayake su da kansu suna jimre da binciken ta hanyar tsinke ciyawar akwatin kifin.
Suna cinye abinci a cikin layin ruwa, amma, idan ya cancanta, zasu iya samun abinci daga ƙasa da ƙasa. Duk da yawan motsi da salon rayuwarsu, mashaya barbara suna da saukin kamuwa da kiba. Kammalawa - don manya ya zama dole don shirya rana ɗaya ta azumi. Sau ɗaya a mako, ba sau da yawa ba.
Kuma ɗayan mahimmin mahimmanci wanda dole ne a la'akari dashi yayin zaɓar maƙwabta don cinikin cikin akwatin kifaye. A cikin yanayin rayuwa na rayuwa, bareb shine babban mai lalata ƙwai da soyayyen sauran kifi da kwado. Bugu da ƙari, ɗan ɓataccen ɗan fashin ba ya raina zuriyar kowa, sai dai, ba shakka, irinsa.
Barbs da kyau suna gano maɗaukakiyar ɓoye kamala da farincikin caviar, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa masu amfani. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kamewa, ɓarayi suna riƙe da irin wannan mummunar dabi'a - za su lalata ƙwai na kowane irin kifi, har ma su tafi da shi cikin haɗarin rayukansu.
To, ba za'a bar barbus din a gefe ba in dai aƙalla ƙwai ɗaya ya kare ko soya ɗaya tana da rai! Sabili da haka, idan kuna son kiwon kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye, kada ku daidaita su tare da sham a kowane hali - zasu ci zuriyar, garantin shine 100%. Kuma kar a ƙara musu ƙananan dabbobi - suma zasu wahala.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Red barbus
Shekaru na shagunan barbara sun kai kimanin shekaru 5-6 a cikin yanayin yanayi, da kuma shekaru 3-4 a cikin bauta (ƙarƙashin duk kifin da ake buƙata don rayuwa mai kyau cikin akwatin kifaye). Tsawon rayuwar duk wanzami kusan iri daya ne. Suna zaune kimanin shekara biyar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babban abin shaƙatawa na mashaya shine sintiri a bayan lugunan da aka lulluɓe da cizon fincinsu. Suna yin hakan ne saboda ƙoshin lush kansu suna da damuwa, suna ɗaukar sarari da yawa a cikin ƙarancin ruwa. Zai yiwu barbashin, wanda Mahaifiyar Dabi'a ta yi ado da shi da kyau, suna fuskantar baƙin hassada na theiran uwansu da suka wuce gona da iri.
Rashin biya, shagunan da ba su da ma'ana za su rayu har ma a tsakanin masanan ruwa masu iya karatu da rubutu - za a sami matatar ruwa da iska. Shi ke nan, babu wani abin da ake buƙata - kuma dangane da abinci, waɗannan kifin gabaɗaya suna da komai, za su ci duk abin da suka bayar. Kuma kada ku ciyar - mashaya zasu yi farin cikin ciyar da kansu da ganyen akwatin kifaye. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, sauran kifayen zasu zama abinci - koda ma mai cichlid ba zai iya yin tsayayya da garken barbara ba.
Bsan baranda suna nuna sha'awar rashin lafiya dangane da guppies - kifi mara kyau tare da wutsiyoyi masu ƙyalli, suna haifar da mummunan tashin hankali mara izini a cikin shagunan (galibi Sumatran). Kusan ba sa jituwa da waɗannan kifaye a cikin yanki ɗaya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Namiji barbus
A cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, shagunan barbara na iya haifuwa a kusan kowane lokaci na shekara. Don bawa kifin damar samun nasarar haihuwa, ya zama dole a zaɓi masu kera yadda yakamata kuma a sa ido kan shirye shiryen da suke yi. Ikon haifuwa na faruwa ne a cikin kifin da ya kai kimanin watanni 7-8, amma dole ne a fara aiwatar da shirya keɓaɓɓu a baya.
A lokacin da ya kai watanni 3.5-4, an zaɓi kifaye masu launuka masu haske daga samari, daidai da shekarun kifin da ke tasowa kuma aka tura su zuwa akwatin kifaye na musamman. Zafin ruwan da ke wurin bai kamata ya wuce iyakar 23-25 C. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa idan yawan zafin jiki ya fi haka, to shagunan barbara za su isa balaga da sauri. Amma kamar yadda aikace-aikace ya nuna, azumi baya nufin mai kyau. Abinda yakamata shine cewa shagunan da suka isa balaga ba tare da sun isa ba basu nuna kansu da kyau ba a lokacin bazara.
Barbusses na asali, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ana aiwatar da su cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban. Koyaya, zaɓi mafi kyau shine sake saita ƙaramin rukuni (zaɓin gargajiya shine mace da maza 2-3). Wannan zai tabbatar da matsakaicin adadin kwayayen da suka hadu. A yayin da aka fara shirya kifin daidai, lokacin haɓaka zai zama awanni da yawa (aikin yakan faru da safe).
Abokan gaba na mashaya
Hotuna: Yaya barbus yake?
Akwai wata doka mai ban sha'awa (kuma mai ma'ana) wacce masana kifayen ruwa sukan manta dashi. Musamman ma sabon shiga. Ko dai kawai ba sa la'akari da shi, ko kuma suna da imanin cewa saboda wasu yanayi ba zai yi aiki ba. Amma kash, ba haka lamarin yake ba.
Waɗannan nau'ikan kifayen da suka kasance abokan gaba (masu fafatawa) na barbus a cikin yanayin yanayi sun kasance iri ɗaya ne a cikin akwatin kifaye. Wato, idan gwanayen taurin kai "ba sa jituwa" tare da zakaru da guppi a cikin ruwa mai zafi, to suma zasu yi yaƙi dasu a cikin akwatin kifaye. Memorywaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, babu abin da za ku iya yi game da shi. Waɗannan kifin makiyinsu ne na albarkatu, don haka tabbas ba za su iya rayuwa cikin lumana tare ba.
Wani maƙiyin barbe shine gourami. Idan wani lokacin har yanzu suna samun nutsuwa tare da zakara (a manyan akwatinan ruwa kuma tare da ingantaccen ciyarwa), to idan suka ga gourami, to sai gwanayen nan da nan su ci gaba da daidaita abubuwa.
Wataƙila, a wannan yanayin, gasar tsaka-tsakin yanayi ta taka rawa - abincin gourami yayi kama da na barbus, don haka ana iya ba da izinin cin abinci gaba ɗaya. Kuma menene cikakken ma'ana mai ma'ana! Bayan duk wannan, kowane kifi yana son cin ɗumbin ciki da ƙwarin jini, kuma ba ya wadatar da abincin tsire a cikin ɗanyen algae.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Kifi barbus
Wani abu, amma ƙarancin barbs tabbas babu wata barazana. Ba a cikin yanayin yanayi ba, ba a cikin na wucin gadi ba. Waɗannan kifayen suna da tabbaci suna kiyaye abubuwan da suke rayuwa, suna maye gurbin wakilan ƙarancin jinsin gasar. Kuma a tsakanin masu ilimin kifin ruwa, yanayin kayan shaye-shaye ba zai taɓa wucewa ba - waɗannan kifin suna da alaƙa da ƙarfi a cikin tunanin mutane azaman sifa ce ta kowane akwatin kifaye. Musamman karami. Saboda haka rashin da'a da ikon daidaitawa har ma da irin wannan yanayin rayuwa, inda duk wani kifi zai mutu, yasa ɗan ƙaramin barbus ya zama "sarki" na tafkunan ruwa da na ruwa.
Wani dalilin kuma na wanzuwar shi shine, mummunar barna da akayiwa kwai kwai daga jinsunan dake gasa don manyan albarkatun kasa (abinci da sarari). A lokaci guda, kifin, wanda "makomarsa" ta lalace ta hanyar 'yan fashi da ratsi, kusan basa lalata kamain mashaya. A'a, ba saboda matsayin mara izini ba. Kuma saboda dalilin cewa barbus din yana boye su sosai! Kari akan haka, kifayen kalilan ne suke iya bincika caviar kamar yadda karami yake amma yana da wayo da dabara.
Hatta zubar da ciyawar daga ciyawar ba ta haifar da raguwar yawan mashayan ba - sun dace da rayuwa karkashin tasirin wani abu mara kyau na anthropogenic.
Barbus wata dabba da ba a saba da ita ba wacce ke da nau'ikan halittu da yawa da suka bambanta da juna ba kawai a waje ba, har ma da halaye, salon rayuwa, da sauran halaye da yawa. Mafi shahararren shine ɗan bawan Sumatran - waɗannan kifaye masu kaɗan rawaya suna nuna mu'ujizai na rayuwa, a sauƙaƙe suna dacewa da kowane, har ma da mawuyacin yanayi. Menene a cikin vivo, menene a cikin akwatin kifaye.Wannan ya bawa barbara damar zama ɗayan mashahuran kifaye tsakanin masanan ruwa, musamman masu farawa.
Ranar bugawa: 25.08.2019 shekara
Ranar sabuntawa: 21.08.2019 a 23:53
