Babban kudu, ko kuma irin ɓarna mai kaho, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayi a doron duniya. Wannan dabba ta shahara saboda girmanta tsakanin sauran wakilan jinsin. A kafadu, girmanta ya kai mita daya da rabi, kuma ƙahonin juyawa na namiji na iya girma zuwa santimita 120-150.
Bayanin babban kudu
Launin jikin babban kudu ya fito daga launin ruwan kasa mai zuwa launin shuɗi ko shuɗi-shuɗi. A cikin mutanen kudanci na jinsunan, an sami mutane masu duhu. Launin gashi na maza yayi duhu da shekaru. Yaran suna da kama da launi ga mata. Sun fi launi launi kuma ba su da ƙaho. A bayan kudu akwai ratsi masu fari shida zuwa goma. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce tare da murfin farin. Maza, ba kamar mata ba, suna da halayyar farin gemu.
Bayyanar, girma
Dabbobin Kudu sune manyan dabbobi idan aka kwatanta su da dangin su. Namiji zai iya kai wa mita 1.5 a ƙeƙasassun kuma nauyinsu ya wuce kilogiram 250. Duk da irin wannan girman, wadannan kayan fasaha suna da kyakyawan tsarin jiki da kyau, godiya ga abin da suka shahara da ƙwarewar su a fagen tsalle da gudu. Hatta dabbar kudu mafi nauyi, yayin gudu, na iya tsallake shingen mita daya da rabi na gonakin gona da sauran matsaloli a cikin tafarkinsa.
Theahonin babban ɗan bijimin kudu suna da lanƙwasa biyu da rabi. Idan bisa ka'ida ka daidaita ka auna su, to tsayin zai iya kaiwa santimita 120 cikin sauki. Koyaya, wasu lokuta ana samun mutane masu cikakken curls sau uku, tsayinsu idan aka miƙe zai iya zuwa santimita 187.64.
Ahonin basa fara girma sai namiji yakai wata 6-12. Farkon curl ya murɗe yana ɗan shekara biyu, kuma har zuwa shekara shida, iri biyu da rabi iri ɗaya suke yi. Theahonin dabbar Kudu sun daɗe suna aiki a matsayin kayan ado da kayan kida ga al'ummomin Afirka da yawa. Latterarshen ya haɗa da shofar, ƙaho na yahudawa da aka busa a Rosh Hashanah. Dabbar tana amfani da su azaman makamin kare kai ko kuma kayan kwalliya a yayin jan hankalin wasu ma'aurata.
Kudu kyawawan kwari ne. Hannun bakinsu yana da tsayi, farar fata tana tsakiyar tsakanin idanu baƙi kamar garwashi. Kunnuwa suna da girma, an saita su zuwa sama, suna da siffa mai kyau tare da tukwici. Akwai farin tabo a karkashin hanci, a cikin maza suna juyawa zuwa gemu.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Mata suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan garken dabbobi, galibi sun ƙunshi mutane 1-3 da zuriyarsu. A wasu lokuta ba safai ba, yawan mutane a garke daya ya kai mutane 25-30. Babu matsayin matsayi na fili a cikin waɗannan rukuni. Wasu lokuta kungiyoyin mata suna haduwa zuwa manya, amma na dan lokaci ne.
Maza suna rayuwa daban da mata, a cikin garken bachelor. Adadin mutane a cikin irin wadannan rukuni ya fara daga kawunan 2-10. Har yanzu ba a bayyana ba ko akwai matsayi na daban a cikin garken. Mazajen garken bachelor ba sa ɗaukar junan junan su, amma zangon miji ɗaya na iya shawo kan jeri biyu zuwa uku na garken mata.
Maza da mata ba su da ƙawancen aure na tsawon rayuwa kuma suna kusa ne kawai a lokacin haifuwa, wanda ke faruwa a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin Afrilu da Mayu.
Babban kudu ba dabbobi ne masu saurin tashin hankali ba, suna nuna adawa musamman a cikin fursuna. A cikin daji, maza ne kawai za su iya gasa da juna yayin aiwatar da raba mata don saduwa.
Da yawa kudu suna zaune
Dabbar Kudu a cikin mazaunin ƙasa na iya rayuwa daga shekara 7 zuwa 11. A cikin wucin gadi, yanayi mai kyau, dabbobi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ashirin.
Jima'i dimorphism
Babban kudu (lat. Tragelaphus strepsiceros) kyakkyawa ce irin ta dabbar daji, wacce ake samun sauƙin rarrabe ta da mace ta hanyar ban mamaki, ƙahonin karkace masu jujjuya, sun kai tsawon kimanin mita daya da rabi. Hakanan akan rigar namijin kudu akwai ratsi shida, goma, fari, a tsaye. Launin jiki na iya zama launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, gashin sa tsari ne na girman duhu.
Mace ta babban kudu ta fi ta namiji girma kuma ba ta da ƙahonin ban sha'awa. Hakanan, ana rarrabe matar mai kofato da kalar rigar. Mata koyaushe suna da launi mai laushi, suna yi kama da samari waɗanda ba su sami ƙaho ba tukuna. Wannan kalar fatar tana taimakawa marassa karfi da kudu ga mata don yin kamun kai yadda yakamata dangane da asalin ciyawar Afirka. Inuwar ta fara ne daga launin rawaya mai launin rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja, ta bango wanda siraran sirara a jiki sun fi kyau.
Dukansu masu jinsi suna da gashin gashi wanda yake gudana tare a tsakiyar baya kuma suna yin wani irin motsi. Hakanan, a cikin duka jinsi biyu, akwai yaren fari mai yawo tare da fuska tsakanin idanu. Manya, kunnuwa masu kunkuntun babban kudu suna bawa dabba wani dan kallo mai kayatarwa.
Great Kudu subspecies
Sunan da ake amfani da shi a Kudu ya fito ne daga yaren asalin Koikoy, wanda ake amfani da shi a kudancin Afirka. Sunan kimiyya ya fito daga Girkanci: Tragos, wanda ke nufin akuya da elaphus - barewa; Strephis yana nufin karkatarwa kuma Keras yana nufin ƙaho.
Peananan ƙananan dabbobin kudu suna wakiltar wakilai biyu - babban kudu da kudu. Nauyin jikin babban namijin kudu ya kai kilogiram 300, karami bai wuce kilo 90 ba. Babba - an rarraba a kan yankin daga tsakiyar zuwa kudanci da gabashin Afirka. Ananan suna zaune a yankin gabashin Afirka. Hakanan za'a iya samun su a Yankin Larabawa.
Babban kudu, bi da bi, ya samar da ƙarin ƙananan ragi 5. Daga cikinsu akwai T. strepsiceros strepsiceros, T. strepsiceros chora, T. strepsiceros bea, T. strepsiceros burlacei da T. strepsiceros zambesiensis.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin rarraba babban kudu ya faro ne daga tsaunukan da ke kudu maso gabashin Chadi zuwa Sudan da Habasha, har ma da duk yankunan busassun Gabas da Afirka ta Kudu. A Afirka ta Kudu, an fi samun ɓarna mai ƙuna a arewa da gabas, haka kuma a cikin keɓaɓɓun rukunin lardin Cape.
Babban Kudu yana zaune a cikin savannah, musamman a cikin tsaunuka, ƙasa mai tsayi, da gandun daji tare da rafuka. Wannan jinsin yakan kauce wa bude tudu da daji.
An fi sanin shi a kudancin Afirka, amma an sami ƙaramin yawan jama'a na subsungiyoyi uku daban-daban a Gabashin Afirka, Kahon Afirka da Kudancin Sahara. Mazauninsu shine Savannah mai ƙarancin bishiyoyi da wuraren zama masu duwatsu da daji, inda suke ɓoyewa daga maharan da suka haɗa da zaki, damisa, kura, da kare.
Abincin dabbar Kudu
Babban kudu sune shuke-shuke. Lokacin ciyarwa da shayarwa galibi ana danganta shi ne da duhu - maraice ko fitowar alfijir na rana. Abincin su ya kunshi ganyaye iri-iri, ganye, ‘ya’yan itace, inabi, furanni, da wasu tsire-tsire masu guba da wasu dabbobin basa cinyewa. Abincin abinci yana canzawa dangane da yanayi da yankin da aka mamaye. Za su iya shawo kan lokacin rani, amma ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin yanki mai yuwuwar ruwa ba.
Dogayen ƙafafu da wuyan kudu suna ba shi damar isa ga abinci wanda yake kan tsauni mai tsayi. Dangane da wannan mai nuna alama, rakumin dawa ne kawai ya riske shi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A lokacin kiwo, wuyan manya maza sun kumbura. Wannan shine don nuna tsokoki masu kumburi. Namiji, yana biye da wasan kwaikwayon na musamman, yana tunkarar mace gefe da gefe, yana mai duban dubansa ga shugaban da zai iya fuskantar mace. Idan zawarcin miji bai dace da dandanonta ba, mace za ta buge shi a gefe. Idan sun yi, sai ta ci gaba da gudu, tana tsokanar bin su.
A wannan lokacin, al'amuran tashin hankali tsakanin maza abu ne na yau da kullun.
Lokacin da abokan hamayya suka hadu a yanki ɗaya, ɗayan zai ɗauki matsayin da zai inganta tasirin fifikonsa gaba ɗaya akan abokin hamayyar. Yana tsaye a gefe, yana ɗaga bayansa sosai yana danna kansa ƙasa. Sauran yana fara yawo. Mai shiga na farko a rikicin ya juya, ya danganta da motsin abokin adawar, don ya nuna masa gefen sa. Wadannan al'adun gargajiyar na wasu lokuta sukan rikide zuwa faɗa mai zafi, amma ba koyaushe ba. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa a lokacin da ake yaƙin kai tsaye, dukansu sun juya, suna maye gurbin ƙahoni don busawa.
Yaƙin yana faruwa ta hanyar kai hari tare da ƙaho. A cikin faɗa, sau da yawa abokan hamayya suna daidaitawa da juna, wani lokacin suna cudanya sosai don su faɗa cikin tarko. Rashin samun damar fita daga kagara mai ƙarfi, duk mazan sukan mutu.
Babban kudu yana da saukin yanayi na kiwo a kudancin Afirka. A masarautar, suna kiwo a lokacin damina, wanda ya fara daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Yuni, kuma su kan yi aure a ƙarshen ko bayan ƙarshen damina. Idan mace tana da isasshen abincin tsirrai, za ta iya haihuwar zuriya duk bayan shekara biyu. Koyaya, yawancin mata basa balaga har sai sun shekara uku. Maza sun manyanta cikin shekaru biyar.
Lokacin ciki na babban kudu daga watanni 7 zuwa 8.7 ne, kuma ana haihuwar jarirai lokacin da ciyawa tayi tsayi sosai. Theavesan calves sun ɓuya daga idanuwan idanuwa har tsawon makonni biyu, bayan haka kuma, da sun isa sosai, za'a iya kawo su cikin garken. Yaran jarirai daga iyayensu mata suna ɗan wata shida. Calan saniya suna zama a cikin garken uwa daga shekara 1 zuwa 2, kuma mata - sun fi tsayi, har zuwa rayuwarsu.
Adadin haifuwa a kudu kadan ne, mafi yawanci ana samun ɗan maraƙi ɗaya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.
Makiya na halitta
Babban kudu ganima ce ga dabbobi da yawa a Afirka, gami da zakuna, damisa, karnukan daji, da kurayen kuraye. Artiodactyl, yayin fuskantar haɗari mai yuwuwa, kusan koyaushe yakan gudu. Kafin wannan, kudu yana yin motsi na juyawa tare da wutsiyarsa. Hakanan, a daidai lokacin da ake cikin haɗari, anguwar ƙaho mai daskarewa na ɗan lokaci a cikin rashin motsi kuma yana tuki zuwa wurare daban-daban tare da kunnuwansa, bayan haka sai ta fitar da wata kara mai ƙarfi don yin gargaɗi game da haɗarin danginsa kuma ta gudu. Duk da girman girmansa, yana da matukar ban tsoro da ƙwarewar tsalle. A lokaci guda, rassan ƙahonin ba sa tsoma baki tare da maza sam. Yayin tsalle a kan dazuzzuka masu ƙaya, dabbar tana ɗaga goshinta ta yadda za a matse ƙahonin a hankali gwargwadon iko. A cikin irin wannan matsayi mai fa'ida na jiki, yana kula da rashin jingina da rassan.
Hakanan, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta, haɗarin ga dabba shine mutumin da kansa. Hakanan, halayyar fada game da kudu tana karfafa ne da cewa wadannan dabbobin masu kofato ba kyamar cin abinci a girbi daga kasashen noma na gida. Tun zamanin da, kudu mai rauni ya kasance babban ganima a cikin kamun kowane mafarauci. Abun ganima shine naman dabba, fata da ƙaho mafi daraja - batun farautar masu tarawa. Mazauna yankin suna amfani da su wajen tsafi, don adana zuma, haka nan kuma suna yin na'urori da kayan kida iri daban daban, gami da na kide-kide. Asarar muhallin wata barazana ce ga jama'ar Kudu. Fadakarwa da tafiye-tafiye masu alhaki sune mabuɗan kiyaye wannan nau'in.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Babban Kudu an sanya shi azaman astan Damuwa a kan Lissafin IUCN. Shahararrensa har yanzu yana da yawa a wasu sassa na Kudu da Kudu-Tsakiyar Afirka. Amma haɗuwa da wannan dabba a Gabashin Afrika ana ɗaukarta wani abu ne mai ban mamaki. Ana daukar nau'in a cikin hadari a Somalia da Uganda da masu rauni a Chadi da Kenya.
Baya ga yadda makiya da mafarauta suka hallakar da su, mamayar mutane da lalata mazauninsu babbar barazana ce ga dabbar da ta kunno kai.
Har ila yau, babban yankin Kudu na iya kamuwa da barkewar cututtuka irin su anthrax da rabies. Abin farin ciki, dawowa daga rashin lafiya yafi mutuwa. Babban kudu yana da wakilci sosai a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da ajiyar kuɗi kamar Selous Game Reserve a Tanzania, Kruger National Park da Bavianskloof Area kariya a Afirka ta Kudu. Yankin na ƙarshe wani ɓangare ne na muhimmin wurin tarihi na Duniya, masarautar Cape Flower.
