Capelin sananne ne ga dandano. Zai yi wuya a sami mutumin da bai taɓa ganinta ba sau ɗaya a ɗakunan ajiya a cikin sanyi ko kuma gishiri. Za a iya shirya abinci mai daɗi da yawa da yawa na wannan kifin. A lokaci guda, ban da gaskiyar cewa capelin yana da daɗi da lafiya, hakanan yana da halaye masu yawa na ban mamaki. Bayan duk wannan, wannan, a kallon farko, irin wannan kifin na yau da kullun, a zahiri, na iya zama mai ban sha'awa ba kawai daga ra'ayin abinci ba.
Bayanin kwalliya
Capelin kifi ne mai matsakaici na dangi mai narkewa, wanda, shi kuma, yana cikin ajin mai ƙarancin haske. kifi. Sunanta ya fito ne daga kalmar Finnish "maiva", kusan a zahiri ana fassara shi azaman "ƙaramin kifi" kuma, don haka, yana nuna ƙaramarta.
Bayyanar, girma
Ba za a iya kiran Capelin babba ba: tsawon jikinsa galibi tsawonsa yakai 15 zuwa 25, kuma da wuya nauyinsa ya wuce gram 50. Hakanan, nauyin maza da girmansu na iya zama ɗan ɗan girma fiye da na mata.
Jikinshi ya dan lankwashe ta gefe kuma ya kara tsawo.Kan yana da dan karami, amma bakin da ke cikin wannan kifin yana da fadi sosai. Bonesasusuwa masu girma a cikin wakilan wannan nau'in sun kai tsakiyar idanun. Hakoran waɗannan kifin ba su da girma, amma a lokaci guda akwai su da yawa, kuma, suna da kaifi sosai kuma suna da kyau sosai.
Ma'aunan ba su da yawa sosai, da wuya ake iya gani. Fusoshin dorsal suna turawa baya kuma kusan suna kama da lu'u-lu'u. Fananan fika-fikai, waɗanda suke da kamannin ɗan gajarta kaɗan a sama kuma an zagaye shi a gindin alwatiran, suna cikin wakilan wannan nau'in a kusa da kai, a gefunansa.
Halin sifa na wannan kifin shine fika-fikai, kamar dai an yanka shi da bakin baki, saboda haka za'a iya 'kirga shi' cikin sauran kifin.
Babban launin jikin capelin shine azurfa. A lokaci guda, bayanta mai launi ne mai launin ruwan kasa-mai-ruwan kasa, da cikin ta - a cikin inuwa mai haske mai haske da ƙaramin launin ruwan kasa.
Ararren caudal ƙarami ne, mai raba kusan rabin tsayinsa. A wannan yanayin, ƙididdigar da ke kan ƙare a cikin wakilan wannan nau'in ya samar da kusan kusurwa daidai, idan ka dube shi kaɗan daga gefe.
Bambancin jima'i a cikin capelin an bayyana shi da kyau. Maza sun fi girma, ban da haka, ƙafafunsu sun fi ɗan tsayi, kuma muzarinsu ya fi na mata ƙarfi. Kafin haifuwa, suna haɓaka sikeli na musamman waɗanda suke kama da gashi kuma suna yin kwalliya a gefen ciki. A bayyane yake, maza masu girman kai suna buƙatar waɗannan ma'aunin don kusancin saduwa da mace yayin saduwa.
Saboda irin wadannan sikeli ne masu kamar bristle wadanda suke gefen gefen jikin mazajen wannan nau'in ana kiran babban malami a Faransa.
Capelin salon
Capelin kifi ne na karatun ruwa wanda ke zaune a saman ruwa a cikin tsaunuka masu sanyi. Yawancin lokaci, tana ƙoƙarin tsayawa kan zurfin mita 300 zuwa 700. Koyaya, a lokacin ɓatancin, yana iya kusanto gabar teku wani lokacin ma har iyo a cikin rafin koguna.
Wakilan wannan jinsin suna amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin teku, suna yin ƙaura mai tsayi na yanayi a lokacin rani da kaka don neman tushen abinci mai wadata. Misali, capelin da ke zaune a Tekun Barents da kuma bakin tekun Iceland yana yin ƙaura sau biyu a yanayi: a lokacin sanyi da bazara, yakan yi tafiya zuwa gabar Arewacin Norway da Kola Peninsula don yin ƙwai. Kuma a lokacin rani da kaka, wannan kifin yakan yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan arewa da arewa maso gabas don neman tushen abinci. Yawan kabilun Icelandic suna matsawa kusa da gabar tekun a bazara, inda suke haihuwa, kuma a lokacin bazara suna matsawa zuwa wani yanki mai arzikin plankton da ke tsakanin Iceland, Greenland da Jan Mayen Island, wanda mallakar Norway ne, amma yana kusa da 1000 kilomita yamma da shi.
Hijirar yanayi na lokacin ruwa ana alakanta shi da igiyar ruwa: kifayen suna bin inda suke motsawa da kuma inda suke ɗauke da plankton, wanda abincin ke ciyar da su.
Yaya tsawon lokacin capelin yake rayuwa
Tsawon rayuwar wannan karamin kifin ya kai kimanin shekaru 10, amma yawancin wakilan wannan nau'in sun mutu da wuri saboda dalilai daban-daban.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Capananan tekun Atlantika suna cikin ruwan Arctic da kuma Atlantic. Ana iya samun sa a cikin Davis Strait, da kuma gefen tekun Labrador Peninsula. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin fjords na ƙasar Norway, kusa da gabar Greenland, a cikin Tekun Chukchi, Fari, da Kartsev. Yana faruwa a cikin ruwan Tekun Barents da Tekun Laptev.
Yawan mutanen Pacific na wannan kifin suna zaune ne a cikin ruwan Tekun Arewacin Fasifik, yankin da aka rarraba shi zuwa Kudu an iyakance shi ne ga tsibirin Vancouver da kuma gabar Korea. Ana samun manyan makarantu na wannan kifin a cikin tekun Okhotsk, Jafananci da Bering. Capelin na Pacific sun fi son zuriya a kusa da gabar Alaska da British Columbia.
Capelin yana rayuwa ne a cikin kananan garken tumaki, amma tare da lokacin farkon lokacin kiwo, yana haduwa a manyan makarantu domin su hada kai su shawo kan aiki mai wahala da hadari a wuraren da galibi kifayen ke yin cuwa-cuwa.
Abincin Capelin
Duk da ƙaramin girmanta, capelin mai farauta ne mai aiki, wanda babu shakka a bayyane yake ta ƙananan, amma haƙoran haƙora. Abincin wannan nau'in ya dogara ne akan ƙwai kifi, zooplankton, da larvae na jatan lande. Hakanan yana ciyarwa akan ƙananan ɓawon burodi da tsutsotsi na teku. Tunda wannan kifin yana motsawa da yawa, yana buƙatar kuzari da yawa don cike ƙarfin da aka kashe akan ƙaura ko neman abinci. Abin da ya sa keɓaɓɓu, ba kamar sauran kifaye da yawa ba, ba ya daina ciyarwa koda da lokacin sanyi.
Tunda wannan kifin yana cin abinci a kan ƙananan ɓawon burodi wanda yake wani ɓangare na plankton, jinsi ne da ke gasa tare da herring da samarin kifin, wanda kuma abincin sa ya dogara ne da plankton.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin jinkiri don capelin ya dogara da wane yanki daga kewayonsa yake zaune a ciki. Don haka, don kifin da ke yamma da Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Fasifik, lokacin kiwo zai fara ne daga bazara kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen bazara. Ga kifayen da ke rayuwa a gabashin Tekun Atlantika, lokacin ɓatancin zai ci gaba a lokacin kaka. Amma capelin, wanda ke zaune a cikin ruwan gabashin gabashin Tekun Fasifik, dole ne ya hayayyafa a lokacin bazara, sabili da haka yana buƙatar samun lokaci ba kawai don yin ƙwai ba kafin farkon lokacin sanyi na hunturu, amma har ma da 'ya'ya. Koyaya, faɗin “girma” kuskure ne ɗan kaɗan. Kyaftin din ba ya nuna wata damuwa ga zuriyarsa kuma, da kyar ya kwashe kwai, ya tashi a kan hanyar dawowa, a bayyane, har ma yana tunani, ya riga ya manta da qwai da aka sa.
Kafin tafiya don haɓaka, ƙananan makarantun waɗannan kifaye suna fara tattarawa a cikin manyan makarantu, wanda yawansu zai iya kaiwa ga mutane miliyan da yawa. Bugu da ari, ƙaura yana farawa zuwa wuraren da, yawanci, wakilan wannan nau'in kifin ke tsirowa. Bugu da ƙari, bin capelin suna yin doguwar tafiya da waɗancan dabbobi waɗanda suke samar da tushen tushen abinci. Daga cikinsu akwai like, gulls, cod. Kari akan haka, a cikin wannan '' rakiyar '' kayan kwalliyar, har ma kuna iya samun kifin Whale, wadanda suma basa kyamar samun abun ciye-ciye tare da wannan karamin kifin.
Ya faru cewa a lokacin mummunan yanayi, raƙuman ruwa da ke yawo a cikin teku suna jefa dubunnan kifaye a bakin tekun, suna zuwa hayayyafa, don haka kilomita da yawa na bakin tekun sun cika da capelin. Ana iya lura da wannan yanayin a cikin Gabas mai Nisa da ƙetaren Kanada.
Capelin ya tashi akan filayen yashi masu fadi. Kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ta fi son yin hakan a zurfin zurfin. Babban yanayin da ake buƙata don samun nasarar haifuwa da gaskiyar cewa ƙwai da mace ta fara zai fara haɓaka cikin aminci shi ne cewa ruwan yana ɗauke da isasshen oxygen, kuma yawan zafinsa ya kai digiri 3-2.
Abin sha'awa! Don samun nasarar haduwar kwan, kwaya mace ba ta bukatar daya, amma maza biyu, wadanda ke tare da ita zuwa wurin da aka haifa, a lokaci guda a kowane bangare na wanda ta zaba.
Bayan sun isa wurin, duk mazan suna haƙa ƙananan ramuka a cikin yashi tare da jelarsu, inda mace ke yin ƙwai, waɗanda suke da mantowa wanda kusan suna nan kusa da ƙasan. Girman su shine 0.5-1.2 mm, kuma lambar, gwargwadon yanayin rayuwa, na iya kaiwa daga 6 zuwa 36.5 dubu. Yawancin lokaci, akwai ƙwai dubu 1,5 - 12 a cikin ɗayan ɗauka.
Bayan haihuwa, kifin manya sun koma mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Amma 'yan kaɗan daga cikinsu za su je spawn na gaba.
'Ya'yan larva na ƙyanƙyashe kamar kwanaki 28 bayan kwan ƙwai. Suna da ƙanana da haske cewa halin yanzu yana ɗaukar su zuwa teku. A can ko dai su girma, ko kuma su mutu, suna zama masu fama da yawancin masu lalata.
Mata na balaga ta jima'i shekara mai zuwa, amma maza suna iya haifuwa suna da watanni 14-15.
Makiya na halitta
Wadannan kifin suna da makiya da yawa a cikin teku. Capelin wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na abinci don yawancin masu cin ruwa kamar cod, mackerel da squid. Karka damu da cin kayataccen abinci da hatimai, kifayen teku, kifayen kifaye da tsuntsaye masu ganima.
Yawan capelin a cikin ruwan bakin teku sharaɗi ne don kasancewar wurare da yawa na wuraren tsuntsaye a yankin Kola Peninsula.
Darajar kasuwanci
Capelin ya daɗe yana abin kamun kifi kuma koyaushe ana kama shi a cikin mazaunansa da yawa. Koyaya, tun kusan tsakiyar karni na 20, girman kamun wannan kifin ya kai matuka kwarai da gaske. Shugabannin da ke kamun kifin a halin yanzu su ne Norway, Rasha, Iceland da Kanada.
A shekara ta 2012, yawan kuzarin duniya ya kai tan miliyan 1. A lokaci guda, galibi ana kama ƙananan kifin da shekarunsu ba su wuce 1-3 ba, wanda tsayinsa ya fara daga 11 zuwa 19 cm.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kodayake capelin ba jinsin kariya bane, kasashe da yawa suna aiki tuƙuru don ƙara yawansu. Musamman, tun daga 1980s, ƙasashe da yawa sun ƙayyade adadin kifi don wannan kifin. A halin yanzu, capelin din ma bashi da matsayin kiyayewa, tunda yawan jama'arta yana da yawa kuma yana da wahala koda za'a iya tantance yawan garkensa.
Capelin ba kawai yana da ƙimar darajar kasuwanci kawai ba, har ma yana da mahimmin abu don rayuwar wasu nau'in dabbobi da yawa, tushen abincin da yake. A halin yanzu, yawan wannan kifin yana da yawa koyaushe, amma babban adadin abin da yake kamawa, da kuma yawan mutuwa na yawan kwalliya yayin ƙaura, suna tasiri ƙwarai da gaske ga mutanen wannan nau'in. Bugu da kari, kamar sauran rayuwar halittun ruwa, sinadarin capelin ya dogara sosai da yanayin muhallin sa, wanda ya shafi ingancin rayuwar wadannan kifin ba kawai, har ma da yawan 'ya'yan. Adadin mutane na waɗannan kifaye sun bambanta ba daidai ba daga shekara zuwa shekara, sabili da haka, don ƙara yawan adadin, yakamata mutane su yunƙuri don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don wanzuwa da haifuwa.
