Nosuha, ko coati - wakilai ne na jinsin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin raccoon. Mai farautar ya bazu ko'ina a nahiyoyin Amurka. Dabbobin suna bin bashinsu na Sifen, Faransanci da Ingilishi "coati" zuwa ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Indiyawan gida.
Bayanin hanci
Nosohi ya sami suna na asali wanda ba na asali ba kuma ya samo asali sosai saboda karamin kwazo da hannu wanda aka kirkira ta hancin mai tsawo da kuma bangaren gaban lebban dabbar. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin dabba baligi ya banbanta tsakanin 41-67 cm, tare da jelar 32-69 cm... Matsakaicin matsakaicin mutum balagagge, a ƙa’ida, bai wuce kilogiram 10-11 ba.
Gwanayen farji na hanci an rarrabe su ta wata na'ura ta musamman wacce babu irinta tsakanin wakilan Carnivora. Yankin gland na musamman, wanda yake gefen babban ɓangaren dubura, ya ƙunshi jerin abin da ake kira jakunkuna, waɗanda aka buɗe tare da yanka huɗu ko ma biyar na musamman a ɓangarorin. Dabbobin da ke ɓoye ɓarin mai irin wannan ƙwayoyin suna amfani da ƙwayoyi don yin alama akan yankinsu.
Bayyanar
Hannun hancin Kudancin Amurka na yau da kullun yana tattare da kunkuntar kai tare da tsawaita kuma ana lura dashi sama, mai saurin canzawa da hancin tafi-da-gidanka. Kunnuwan dabbobi masu shayarwa ƙananan ƙanana ne, zagaye, tare da fararen bakuna a ciki. Wuya ta zama rawaya rawaya Yankin bakin irin wannan dabba, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da launi iri ɗaya na launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi. Haske, wuraren paler suna nan sama da ƙasa, a ɗan bayan idanu. Canines suna kama da ruwa, kuma molar suna da ƙurar tubercles.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masanin halayyar ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Rasha Stanislav Drobyshevsky ya kira nosoha "ƙwararrun candidatesan takara don sanin ya kamata", wanda hakan ya samo asali ne sakamakon gudanar da salon rayuwa, da zamantakewar jama'a da ƙafafu da dama.
Theafafun gajere ne kuma sunada ƙarfi, masu saurin motsi da duwawu. Godiya ga wannan fasalin, mai farautar yana iya sauka daga bishiyoyi ba kawai tare da gaba ba, har ma da ƙarshen jikinsa. Theusoshin ƙafafun da ke kan yatsun suna da tsayi. A ƙafafun akwai tafin ƙafafu.
Wsafatattun ƙafafun kafa ne waɗanda ke ba hanci damar hawa bishiyoyi daban-daban. Kari akan haka, mahaifa tana amfani da gabar jiki sosai don neman abinci a cikin ƙasa ko kuma gandun daji. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ƙafafuwan hancin suna launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙi.
Yankin jikin dabbar an rufe shi da gajere, mai kauri kuma mai laushi mai laushi. Nos ta Kudancin Amurka suna da yanayin bambancin launuka, wanda ke nuna kanta ba kawai a cikin mazauni ko yankin rarrabawa ba, har ma a cikin 'yan maruƙan da suke na wannan kwalliyar. Mafi sau da yawa, launin jiki yakan canza daga ɗan kalar lemu ko launin ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Wutsiyar hanci doguwa ce mai launuka biyu, tare da kasancewar zobba masu launin rawaya masu haske, suna canzawa da zoben launin ruwan kasa ko baki. A cikin wasu mutane, zobba a cikin yankin wutsiya ba su da gani sosai.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Hanyoyi dabbobi ne da ke aiki kawai a lokutan hasken rana. Don bacci da hutawa, mai farautar ya zaɓi manyan rassan itacen, inda coati ke samun kwanciyar hankali.
Dabbar da ke da hankali sosai tana saukowa ƙasa da asuba, tun kafin wayewar gari. A lokacin bayan gida na safe, ana tsarkake fur da muzzal, bayan haka hanci yana farauta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, hanci dabbobi ne da ke amfani da tarin sauti iri iri, ci gaban fuska da sigina na musamman don sadarwa da juna.
Mata tare da zuriyarsu sun fi son kasancewa cikin rukuni, yawan jimillar su mutum goma sha biyu ne. Manya maza galibi galibi keɓewa suke, amma mafi tsananin tsoro daga cikinsu galibi suna ƙoƙarin shiga cikin ƙungiyar mata kuma suna fuskantar juriya. A lokaci guda, mata suna gargaɗi da ƙungiyarsu game da duk wani haɗari da ke gabatowa da babbar murya, hayaniyar haushi.
Har yaushe hanci yake rayuwa
Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar dabba mai shayarwa bai fi shekaru goma sha biyu ba, amma kuma akwai wasu mutane da zasu rayu har zuwa shekaru goma sha bakwai.
Jima'i dimorphism
Mata na balaga a cikin shekaru biyu, kuma maza na fara haifuwa bayan shekara uku. Manya maza sun kusan kusan mata girma biyu.
Nau'in hanci
Kwayar halittar ta hada da manyan nau'ikan halittu guda uku da daya, ana samun su kadai a cikin kwarin Andes, a yankin arewa maso yamma na Kudancin Amurka. Wannan nau'in a halin yanzu an sanya shi zuwa wani jinsin Nasuella daban. Hancin dutsen na wani jinsin halittu ne daban-daban, ana rarrabe wakilan su da wata gajeriyar halayyar halayya, da kuma kasancewar ƙaramin kai, wanda ya fi matsewa daga ɓangarorin... Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna da sauƙin ɗan adam, don haka ƙila a kiyaye su a matsayin dabbobi na baƙi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An sanya wani yanki ga kowane rukuni na hanci a cikin mazauninsu na asali, wanda diamitarsa ya kai kusan kilomita daya, amma irin wadannan "kason" galibi suna cinyewa kadan.
Nosoha na yau da kullun (Nasuau nasua) wakilai goma sha uku ne ke wakilta. Wannan dabba mai shayarwar tana rayuwa a tsawan mita dubu biyu sama da matakin teku kuma ya fi girma girma. Ga babban hanci gama gari, launin ruwan kasa mai haske halayya ce.
Hancin Nelson memba ne na jinsin halittar da ke da launi mafi duhu da kasancewar farin wuri a wuya. Launin balagaggen dabba yana da kama da kamannin furfura mai furfura a kafaɗun da gaban ƙafafu. Nau'in Coati yana da alamun kasancewar "bakuna" fari a kunnuwa. Hakanan akwai wurare masu launuka masu haske a cikin yanki a kusa da idanuwa, saboda abin da suke da bayyanar tsawan tsaye. A wuyan nau'ikan, akwai dusar ƙanƙara mai launin rawaya.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Nosoha suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka, har ma da tsibiran da ke kusa. Hancin dutsen yana zaune a cikin Andes, wanda a cikin ƙasashensu na mallakar Venezuela, Ecuador da Colombia.
Ana samun wakilai na nau'ikan coati da yawa a Kudancin Amurka, saboda haka ana kiran su da Kudancin Amurka. Babban yawan masu irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa sun fi yawa ne a Argentina.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kamar yadda aikin kallo ya nuna, galibi duka, wakilai na raccoons suna son zama a cikin dazuzzuka da ke cikin yanki mai yanayin yanayi.
Nosuha Nelson mazaunin tsibiri ne na tsibirin Cozumel, wanda ke yankin Caribbean kuma yana cikin yankin Mexico... Membobin jinsin na kowa dabbobi ne na kowa a Arewacin Amurka. A cewar masana kimiyya, hanci, ya bambanta da sauran dabbobi, suna da alaƙa da ɗumbin yanayin yanayi. Misali, coati ana dacewa da ita har ma da busassun pampas, har zuwa yankuna masu daushin zafi.
Abincin abinci na hanci
Ananan dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin raccoon suna neman abinci tare da taimakon madaidaicin motsi da dogon hanci wanda ke motsawa. A yayin aiwatar da wannan motsi ne, ana fitar da igiyar iska ta hancin hancin da ke kumburi wanda a dalilin hakan ne ya ke bazuwar ganyen da kwari iri-iri.
Tsarin abinci na ƙananan dabbobi masu cin nama sun haɗa da:
- tururuwa;
- tururuwa;
- gizo-gizo;
- kunama;
- kowane irin ƙwaro;
- tsutsayen kwari;
- kadangaru;
- kwadi;
- basu da girma a girman beraye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yawanci hancin yakan tsunduma cikin neman abinci a cikin ƙungiyoyi gabaɗaya, a tabbatar an sanar da dukkan mahalarta binciken game da gano abinci tare da wutsiyar da ke tsaye da kuma irin muryar da ake ji da ita.
Wani lokaci babban coati yana farautar kaguwa. Hancin ya saba duk yadda ya kamata sai ya dankwafar da duk wani abin da yake ganima a tsakanin yatsun kafa na gaba, bayan haka wanda aka azabtar ya ciji wuya da hakora da kaifi. Idan babu abincin asalin dabbobi, hancin yana iya biyan bukatun abinci tare da 'ya'yan itace, mushe, da kuma datti iri-iri daga shara da teburin mutane.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Yayin da mata ke da cikakken shiri don saduwa, ana ba da izinin mazan da suka balaga a cikin garken dabbobi masu shayarwa na kishiyar jinsi. Sau da yawa, namiji yakan kare hakkinsa na fifiko ga mace yayin aiwatar da mummunan faɗa da wasu mazan. Bayan haka ne, namiji mai nasara ke nuna yankin mazaunin ma'aurata tare da warin wari. Duk wasu mazan suna kokarin kaucewa waɗannan wuraren da aka yiwa alama. Ibada, wacce ake aiwatarwa kafin saduwa, ita ce hanyar da namiji zai tsabtace gashin mace.
Tsawon lokacin haihuwar 'ya mace ta hanyar mace noso kusan kwanaki 75-77 ne. Nan da nan kafin ta haihu, makonni biyu kafin haihuwar 'ya'yan, mace ta kori namiji, kuma ta bar garken da kanta. A wannan lokacin, mace tana yin gida a bishiya, wanda a ciki ake haihuwar 'ya'yan.
Matsakaicin adadin mutanen da aka haifa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya banbanta tsakanin 2-6 makafi, kurame da mara hakora. Tsawon jariri bai wuce 28-30 cm tare da nauyinsa kusan 150. Neses na iya gani kawai a rana ta goma, kuma jin ƙuruƙun yana bayyana a makonni uku na haihuwa. 'Ya'yan nosoha suna girma da sauri, don haka bayan wata guda mata da' ya'yansu suka dawo garkensu.
A cikin garken na asali, tsofaffi kuma ba su haihu ba, mata mata suna taimaka wa mata don haɓaka offspringa offspringan girma... Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa kusan kimanin makonni biyu ko uku da haihuwa, ƙananan hanci sun riga suna ƙoƙari su motsa tare da fita daga cikin gidansu. A wannan lokacin, mace koyaushe tana tare da hera constantlyanta, don haka ta hanzarta hana duk yunƙurin da jariran ke yi don barin wuri mai aminci. A cikin yanayin yanayi, kusan ba zai yuwu a ga zuriyar hancin ba.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na hancin hanci sune manyan tsuntsayen ganima, kamar shaho, kites, har ma da ocelots, boas da jaguars. A kusancin wata 'yar hatsari, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin raccoon suna iya ɓoyewa cikin rami mafi kusa ko haƙa mai zurfi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sau da yawa mutane suna farautar hanci a cikin yanayi, kuma yawancin 'yan asalin Amurka suna girmama naman wannan matsakaiciyar dabbar.
Gudu daga masu farauta, hancin hancin yakan kai saurin da ya kai kilomita 25-30 a awa daya. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa na iya gudu ba tare da tsayawa na tsawon awanni uku ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Duk da cewa a halin yanzu mafi yawan nau'in nosoha basa cikin hadari, akwai wasu dalilai na damuwa ga masu rajin kare hakkin dabbobi da masana kimiyya. Misali, hancin Nelson, wanda ke zaune a yankin tsibirin Cozumel na Meziko, yana fuskantar barazanar bacewa, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon ci gaban yawon shakatawa da masana'antu.
Hancin tsauni a halin yanzu yana da matukar damuwa ga sare dazuzzuka da kuma amfani da ƙasa da mutane. Irin waɗannan dabbobin yanzu suna da kariya ta aikace-aikacen Shafuka na Shafi III a Uruguay. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, farauta da kuma kutsawa cikin mutane cikin mazaunin dabbobi na haifar da hadari ga dabbobi masu shayarwa.
