Bandicots (Bandicota) wakilai ne masu yawa na jinsin beraye da kuma dangin beraye a duniyarmu. An fassara sunan irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa da "beran-alade" ko "beran alade".
Bayanin bandicoots
Duk bandicoots manyan beraye ne. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin babba mai shayarwa ya kai 35-40 cm, kuma nauyin zai iya wuce kilogram ɗaya da rabi. Wutsiyar dabbar ta isa sosai, daidai take da jiki. Bayyanar bandicoots halayya ce ta duk wakilan Moan Mouse, amma yanki na muuse na dabba yana da fadi kuma yana da zagaye mai ƙarfi. Launin gabaɗaya duhu ne, tare da inuwa mai haske a cikin yankin ciki.
Bayyanar
Wasu bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar bandicoot suna da nasaba ne da takamaiman siffofin sandar mama:
- Indian bandicoot - ɗayan manyan wakilai na dangin dangi. Tsawon jiki, ban da wutsiya, galibi yakan kai 40 cm, tare da nauyin jiki na 600-1100 g. Launin dabba gaba ɗaya duhu ne, wanda ya fara daga launin toka da launin ruwan kasa zuwa kusan baƙi. Undersasan jikin mutum ya fi haske, fari-fari. Legsafafun gaba suna da ƙafafu masu tsayi da ƙarfi. Abun cikin ramin rawaya ko lemu ne. Gashi ya kasance mai kauri da tsawo, wanda ke baiwa dabbar kusan kyan gani;
- Bengali, ko karamin bandicoot yana da kamanni na waje tare da wasu nau'ikan bandicoot, yana da launi mai duhu-launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Gashi ta daɗe, amma ba ta da yawa. Tsawon jiki ya banbanta tsakanin 15-23 cm, tare da tsawon jelar a matakin 13-18 cm.Maganin wakilan wannan nau'in yana da ƙarancin nauyin jikin wasu manya masu tarin yawa kuma yana da kusan 180-200 g. Don irin waɗannan beraye, sun fi ƙarfin hali da aiki tare da wani abu na musamman gurnani mara dadi;
- Burma, ko miyar bandicoot Ba shi da girma ainun, don haka irin waɗannan dabbobin manya za a iya rikicewa cikin sauƙi tare da samari - wakilan ƙungiyar bandicoot ta Indiya. Bera yana da jiki mai kauri, mai gina jiki mai faɗi, mai faɗi da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da kunnuwan kunnuwa guda. Gashi yana da tsayi kuma yana da shaggy, amma yana da yawa. Launi mai duhu ne, launin toka-ruwan kasa. Wutsiyar ta fi tsayi tsayi, iri iri, tare da zoben wuta a gindi. Abubuwan da ke cikin raunin launuka ne mai launin ruwan lemo-yellow.
Duk da yawan fadadawa da kusancin mutane, duk masu fada aji ba su da cikakken nazari har zuwa kwanan nan, don haka matsayinsu na yau ya kasance babban tambaya. A cikin yanayi na tsananin tashin hankali, wani babban mutum mai suna Bengal bandicoot ya ɗaga dukkan dogon gashinsa a bayansa, sannan kuma yana fitar da mara daɗi, amma sautunan rarrabewa masu bayyana sosai.
Salon rayuwa, hali
A cikin yankunan da akwai adadi mai yawa na bandicoots, duk yankin an haƙa shi a zahiri ta wurin ramuka masu yawa. Duk da cewa akwai karfi sosai tsakanin wakilan kwayar halittar beraye da dangin Mice a cikin halittar halittar dan adam, dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son gina burbushin kansu, amma banda gine-ginen mutane.
Mafi sau da yawa, burrows suna tsaye kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, kuma don tsarin su, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana amfani da nau'ikan raɗaɗɗa ko tuddai, da kuma manyan ɓangarorin ƙasa a filayen shinkafa.
Misali, burbushin bandicoot na Indiya suna da zurfin gaske, suna da ɗakuna daban daban a lokaci ɗaya, an tsara su don gida gida da adana kayan abinci, gami da hatsi, goro da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri. Yawancin lokaci namiji ne kawai ko mace baliga tare da yaranta ke rayuwa a cikin kowane irin wannan burkin. Yana da matukar wuya ga bandikot ya rayu kai tsaye cikin ginin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bandicoot na Indiya, tare da wasu nau'ikan halittu da nau'ikan bandicoot, suna cikin rukunin dabbobin dare na dare, saboda haka, yana aiki ne kawai a cikin duhu.
A cikin Thailand, alal misali, a yankuna da yawa na noman shinkafa, kashi 4 zuwa 4 da digo 5 5% na yawan bur burukan da aka karanta suna cikin gidajen mutane ne, kuma ba a samu kusan kashi 20 zuwa 21 na burbushin dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke kusa da gine-ginen mutum ba.
Har yaushe ne bandicoot yake rayuwa?
A cikin daji, Indiyawan Bandicoot da masu zuriyarsa, wakilan wasu nau'ikan jinsin beraye da dangin bera, suna rayuwa aƙalla shekara ɗaya da rabi ko kuma fiye da haka.
Jima'i dimorphism
Dangane da karancin ilimi, ba zai yuwu a tabbatar da kasancewar ko rashin cikakkiyar alamun wata alama ta dimorphism a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa na jinsi na jinsi na jinsi da dangin Mice.
Nau'in bandicoots
A halin yanzu, nau'ikan guda uku ne kawai:
- Bandicoot na Indiya (Bandicota indica);
- Bengal bandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis);
- Buricese bandicoot (Bandicota savilei).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dangane da wasu binciken da aka gudanar a tsakiyar shekarun 90 na karnin da ya gabata, bandicoot na Indiya ya fi kusanci da tsarin wakilan Nesokia fiye da kowane nau'in bandicoot.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, masu bincike ba su iya tantance matsayin dangi tsakanin su da sauran wakilan kusa na jinsi da dangin Mouse.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Matsakaici da mazaunin bandicoots suna da bambanci sosai. A cikin yankuna na rarrabawa, kowane ɗayan wannan kwayar dabba mai shayarwa, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, dole ne ya kasance yana rayuwa tare da ɗaya ko dama na bandicoot. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi yawa a yankunan kudu maso gabas da tsakiyar Asiya, gami da:
- China;
- Indiya;
- Nepal;
- Myammar;
- Sri Lanka;
- Indonesia;
- Laos;
- Malesiya;
- Thailand;
- Taiwan;
- Vietnam.
Mahalli na Bandicoot na Indiya shine wurare masu danshi, da kuma yankuna da yawa wadanda basu da yawa... Abin nunawa shine gaskiyar cewa Indian bandicoot yayi iyo sosai, amma bai taɓa hawa sama da mita dubu 1.5 ba akan matakin teku. Nazarin ya nuna cewa a arewacin Thailand, wasan bandicoot na Indiya ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a wuraren da gonakin shinkafa da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi iyaka da manyan gonakin masara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An gabatar da bandicoot na Indiya zuwa yankin tsibirin Malay, zuwa wasu yankuna a yankin babban yankin Malesiya, da kuma Taiwan, inda ta sami damar ninkawa sosai, kuma ta zama da yawa.
Wakilan icean Mice na arean gida sune ƙananan beraye waɗanda aka fi sani da su a cikin dukkanin kewayon, amma galibi ana iya samun su a cikin yankuna da ba su da yawa. Saboda yawan karfi, yawan mutanen yana murmurewa da sauri, saboda haka, yawan irin wadannan beraye a mazaunin yana da yawa.
Bandicoot abinci
Bandicoots galibi haƙori ne na komai. Kusa da mazaunin mutane, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa galibi suna sharar datti iri-iri, sannan kuma suna cin abinci mai yawan gaske na kowane irin tsire-tsire.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Balagaggen balagaggu a cikin burrow da aka yi da kansa dole ya keɓance wani yanki daban don adana kayan abinci, inda kilogram na 'ya'yan itace da hatsi da yawa za su iya dacewa cikin sauƙi.
Waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi suna ba da fifiko ga hatsi da iri na tsire-tsire iri-iri. A cewar da yawa daga cikin masu bincike na gida da na waje, wakilan manya na jinsin bandicoot na Indiya, idan ya zama dole, lokaci-lokaci, suna da karfin fada da kaji wadanda ba su da girma a girma.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Game da haifuwar bandicoot na kowane nau'i da ƙananan abubuwa, kawai an san cewa mata suna yawan kawo litter takwas a cikin shekara guda. A cikin kowane irin wannan ɓarnar, akwai daga ƙananan yara zuwa takwas zuwa goma sha huɗu.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Hamster Brandt
- Jerboas
- Gerbil
- Dormouse na gandun daji
Bandicoots an haife su gaba ɗaya makaho, haka kuma ba su da gashi. Mace tana da nono daga shida zuwa tara, tare da taimakon wacce ake ciyar da zuriyar da madara na wani lokaci. Wakilan jinsi na beraye da dangin gidan Mice sun isa balagar jima'i kusan kusan watanni biyu da haihuwa.
Makiya na halitta
Duk da karancin girman su, sau da yawa ana kama Bandicoots ana cinye su, kuma naman wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ya zama sananne musamman a wasu ƙasashe na Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yawaita kuma masu yada cututtukan da suke da matukar hadari ga rayuwa da lafiyar dabbobin gida da na mutane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yawancin karatu game da gonar abarba a arewacin Thailand sun nuna cewa daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan kwari uku da ake samu a wurin, jimillar mutanen Burma bandicoot sun kai kashi goma na adadinsu.
Sau da yawa ana farautar rukuni-rukuni don kawai don nishaɗi... Bandicoot galibi ana lasafta shi azaman kwaro mai ƙwazo a aikin gona, saboda haka ana kashe berayen dare ta hanyar amfani da tarko na musamman ko ƙwarin guba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A duk yankuna rarrabawa, ƙungiyoyi masu yawa suna a halin yanzu suna da yawa sosai, saboda haka suna daga haɗari.
