Coho salmon shine ɗayan kyawawan kifaye na kasuwanci a cikin Pacific Northwest. Masunta suna da daraja ga masunta don saukin kamun kifi da fa'ida, har da nama mai daɗi.
Bayanin kifin salmon
Wannan kifi ne wanda ke da ɗan gajeren lokacin zama na teku, kuma ya fi son ruwan dumi mai dumi.... Coho salmon yana da fasali da yawa waɗanda suka banbanta shi da sauran membobin yankin salmon na Pacific. Individualsananan mutane ɗauke da yara suna da farin gumis, harsunan baki da ƙananan ƙananan ɗigo a baya. A lokacin yanayin tekun, jikinsu azurfa ne, tare da baya mai launin shuɗi, mai tsayi iri-iri, an daidaita shi gefe. Wutsiyar squat na coho salmon tana da faɗi a gindi tare da wuraren duhu warwatse akan farfajiya, galibi akan saman. Kan yana da girma, conical a cikin sura. Yayin ƙaura zuwa ruwan teku, kifin kifi mai haɓaka ƙanana, haƙora masu kaifi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Matsakaicin nauyin manya ya fara daga kilogram 1.9 zuwa 7. Amma kifin da ke wajen wannan zangon ba sabon abu bane, musamman a Arewacin British Columbia da Alaska. Malesananan maza masu saurin haihuwa, masu tsayin santimita 25 zuwa 35, an san su da jacks.
Sun dawo rafin kakanninsu shekara guda da ta gabata fiye da sauran manya. Dogaro da matakin rayuwa, waɗannan kifayen suna canza kamannin su. A lokacin da ake haihuwa, mazan da suka balaga suna yin hanci kamala daban, kuma launin jiki kuma yana canzawa zuwa ja. Babban rami yana can bayan kan kifin, an fizge jikinsa sosai. Bayyanar mata yana da ƙanƙani sosai, canje-canje sanannu ne kawai.
Bayyanar
Sau da yawa Coho salmon ana kiransa da ruwan azurfa kuma suna da shuɗi mai duhu ko koren baya tare da ɓangaren azurfa da ciki mai haske. Kifi yana yin sulusin rayuwarsa a cikin teku. A wannan lokacin, tana da launi na musamman tare da ƙananan launuka baƙi a bayanta da ƙashin babba na jela. Lokacin wucewa cikin ruwa mai daɗi yayin yaduwar, jikin kifin yana samun duhu, launi mai launi ja-burgundy a gefen. Mazaje masu haihuwar suna haɓaka mai lankwasa, ƙugiya ta rufe da ƙara girman haƙoransu.
Kafin yara kanana su yi ƙaura zuwa cikin teku, sun rasa hotunan ratsi na tsaye da kuma wuraren da suke da amfani don ɓuya a cikin ruwa na baya. A sakamakon haka, suna mallakar launi mai duhu na baya da ciki mai haske, mai amfani don sake kamanni a cikin yanayin teku.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Kifin coho salmon wakili ne mai ɓarna na fauna. An haife su a cikin ruwa mai tsafta, suna shafe shekara guda a tashoshi da koguna, sannan suna yin kaura zuwa muhallin tekun don neman abinci don ci gaba da ci gaba. Wasu nau'ikan suna yin ƙaura sama da kilomita 1600 a ƙetaren tekun, yayin da wasu kuma suka kasance a cikin tekun kusa da sabon ruwan da aka haife shi. Sun shafe kimanin shekara daya da rabi suna ciyarwa a cikin tekun, sa'annan sun koma wuraren da suke da ruwa mai kyau domin kyankyasar ruwa. Wannan yakan faru ne a lokacin kaka ko farkon hunturu.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Ba za a yi la'akari da mutuwar coho salmon a banza ba. Bayan sun hayayyafa kuma sun mutu, jikinsu yana aiki ne a matsayin tushen tushen kuzari da abinci mai gina jiki ga yanayin halittar jikin ruwa. An nuna gawarwakin da aka watsar don inganta ci gaba da wanzuwar kifin kifin kifi ta hanyar shigar da sinadarin nitrogen da phosphorus cikin magudanan ruwa.
Kifin gishirin da yake yawanci nauyin kilogram 3.5 zuwa 5.5 kuma tsawonsa ya kai santimita 61 zuwa 76. Balaga na jima'i yana faruwa tsakanin shekaru 3 zuwa 4. A farkon balaga, lokacin saduwa da haihuwa ya zo. Mace na haƙa gidajan tsakuwa a ƙasan rafin, inda take yin ƙwai. Ta shafe su tsawon makonni 6-7, har sai an haihu da soyayyen. Duk salmon coho ya mutu bayan lalacewar. Sabon kwanon da aka kyankyashe ya kasance a cikin raƙatattun raƙuman tsakuwa har sai jakar kwai ta shanye.
Har yaushe coho salmon ke rayuwa
Kamar kowane nau'in kifin salmon na Pacific, kifin kifi yana da yanayin rayuwa mai rikitarwa.... Matsakaicin rayuwa shine shekaru 3 zuwa 4, amma wasu mazan na iya mutuwa cikin shekaru biyu. Fitowa daga matakin kwai yayin ƙarshen hunturu, samari suna ciyar da ƙananan kwari na shekara guda kafin suyi ƙaura zuwa teku. Sun shafe shekaru biyu a cikin tekun, yana haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar su a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Lokacin da suka nuna, sai su rufe da'irar ta hanyar matsawa zuwa ga ruwan haihuwar su don kammala rayuwar su ta hanyar haihuwa. Bayan an gama haihuwa, manya sun mutu saboda yunwa, kuma gawawwakinsu sun zama kashin bayan tsarin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin rayayyun halittu.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A tarihi, coho salmon ya bazu kuma ya wadata a yawancin ruwayen bakin ruwa na Tsakiya da Arewacin California, daga Kogin Smith kusa da iyakar Oregon zuwa San Lorenzo River, Santa Cruz County, a tsakiyar yankin California. Ana samun wannan kifin a cikin Tekun Pasifik ta Arewa kuma a galibin kogunan bakin teku daga Alaska zuwa tsakiyar California. A Arewacin Amurka, an fi samunta a yankuna masu gabar teku daga kudu maso gabashin Alaska zuwa tsakiyar Oregon. Akwai da yawa a cikin Kamchatka, kaɗan kan Tsibirin Kwamandan. Mafi girman yawan jama'a halayyar gabar Kanada ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa!A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rarrabawa da yawaitar yawan kifin kifi ya ragu sosai. Har yanzu ana samunsa a cikin mafi yawan manyan koguna, kuma yawancin hanyoyin da aka haifa sun ragu da girma kuma an kawar dasu a cikin raƙuman ruwa da yawa.
A cikin kudancin yankin, coho salmon a halin yanzu baya nan daga duk raƙuman ruwa na San Francisco Bay da ruwa da yawa kudu da Bay. Wannan wataƙila saboda mummunan tasirin haɓakar birane da sauran canje-canje na ɗan adam akan wuraren ruwa da wuraren kifi. Coho salmon yawanci yana zaune a ƙananan rafuffukan bakin teku da kuma manyan rafuka kamar tsarin Kogin Klamath.
Coho salmon abinci
A cikin yanayin ruwa mai kyau, coho salmon yana cinye plankton da kwari. A cikin teku, sun canza zuwa abincin ƙananan kifi kamar su herring, gerbil, anchovies da sardines. Hakanan manya suna yawan cin abinci akan yara na wasu nau'in kifin, musamman ruwan kifin mai ruwan hoda da kifin kifin. Kayyadaddun nau'ikan kifin da aka ci sun bambanta dangane da mazaunin da lokacin shekara.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Cho salmon wanda ya balaga da jima'i ya shiga yanayin ruwa mai kyau don taɓarɓarewa daga Satumba zuwa Janairu.... Tafiya tana da tsayi sosai, kifin yana motsawa musamman da daddare. A cikin gajerun kogunan California, ƙaura yakan fara ne a tsakiyar Nuwamba kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar Janairu. Coho salmon yana motsawa sama bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, yana bayyana tsibirin yashi wanda zai iya samuwa a tsibirin koguna da yawa na gabar tekun California, amma zai iya shiga manyan koguna.
A cikin kogunan Klamath da Eel, yawan haihuwa a cikin watan Nuwamba da Disamba. Mata mafi yawan lokuta sukan zaɓi wuraren kiwo tare da matsakaici zuwa kyawawan tsakuwa. Suna haƙa raƙuman raƙuman ruwa ta hanyar juya wani ɓangare a gefen su. Yin amfani da motsi, saurin wutsiyar sauri, an fitar da tsakuwa an ɗauke shi da ɗan gajeren nisa zuwa ƙasa. Maimaita wannan aikin ya haifar da wani ɓacin rai na oval wanda ya isa ya ɗauki mace baliga. Kwai da madara (maniyyi) ana sakasu cikin gida, inda, saboda hydrodynamics, suna nan har sai sun ɓoye.
Kimanin ƙwai ɗari ko fiye ƙwai ake sakawa a cikin kowane gida na mata kifin kifi. Wadanda suka hadu da kwayayen suna binne a tsakuwa yayin da mace ke tona wani bakin ciki kai tsaye, daga nan sai tsarin ya sake komawa. Yawon shakatawa yana ɗaukar kimanin mako ɗaya, yayin da coho ke yin jimlar ƙwai 1,000 zuwa 3,000. Abubuwan halaye na wuri da zane na gida yawanci suna samar da kyakkyawan yanayin ƙwai, embryos da sharar gida.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Lokacin shiryawa yana da alaƙa da yanayin zafin ruwa. Qwai suna kyankyashewa bayan kimanin kwanaki 48 a digiri 9 a ma'aunin Celsius da kuma kwana 38 a digiri 11 a ma'aunin Celsius. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, bishiyoyin daɗaɗɗen launuka masu haske ne.
Wannan shine matakin mafi raunin rayuwar rayuwar kifin salmon, a lokacinda yake da saukin kamuwa da janaza, daskarewa, hadawa da motsin tsakuwa, bushewa da farauta. Alevins sun kasance a cikin sarari tsakanin tsakuwa har tsawon makonni biyu zuwa goma har sai jakar jakar su ta shanye.
A wannan lokacin, launinsu ya canza zuwa soyayyar da ta fi dacewa. Soyayyen ya kasance launuka ne daga azurfa zuwa zinare, tare da manyan, a tsaye, alamun oval da duhu tare da layin jikin gefe. Sun fi manyan raunin launi raba su.
Makiya na halitta
Houngiyar coho salmon tana fama da canje-canje a cikin yanayin teku da yanayin yanayi, asarar muhalli saboda tsarin birane da kuma gina madatsun ruwa. Lalacewar ingancin ruwa, tsokanar ayyukan gona da ayyukan sarewa, shima yana shafar mummunan tasiri.
Kokarin kiyayewa ya hada da cirewa da kuma gyara madatsan ruwa wadanda ke hana kaurar kifin. Maido da gurɓatattun matsugunai, mallakar mahimman wuraren zama, haɓaka ƙimar ruwa da kwarara suna kan hanya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Sizeididdigar girman 2012 na ƙarshe don yawan Alaskan ya nuna bayanai sama da matsakaici... Matsayi na yawan mutanen salmon a California da Pacific Northwest sun bambanta. Tun shekara ta 2017, ɗayan jinsin waɗannan kifayen ne kawai aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja kamar yadda yake cikin haɗari.
Dalilin wadannan ragin suna da alaƙa da ɗan adam kuma suna da yawa kuma suna hulɗa, amma ana iya raba shi zuwa manyan fannoni uku:
- asarar wurin zama mai dacewa;
- kamun kifi;
- abubuwan yanayi kamar yanayin teku da yawan ruwan sama.
Ayyukan ɗan adam da ke da alaƙa da raguwar salmonids sun haɗa da cinikin kifin ruwan teku da asara da lalacewar ruwan sha mai kyau da mazaunin estuarine. Wannan halin ya samo asali ne sakamakon sauye-sauye a cikin kasa da albarkatun ruwa da suka shafi noma, dazuzzuka, da haƙar tsakuwa, da birane, da samar da ruwa da kuma daidaita rafin.
Darajar kasuwanci
Coho salmon shine ƙirar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci a cikin teku da koguna. Wannan kifin yana matsayi na uku a cikin jadawalin abun da ke dauke da kitse, a gaban abokan hamayya biyu kawai - salkon salkon da kifin kifi na chinook. Kamawa ya daskarewa, gishiri, an shirya abincin gwangwani daga gare ta. Hakanan akan sikelin masana'antu, ana amfani da mai da sharar gida don yin garin abinci. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda za'a iya amfani dasu don kama kifin kifin kifin. A cikin kwas ɗin an saita su kuma an sa musu raga, da kuma kamun kifi na ruwa. Duk waɗannan fasahohin suna da fa'idodi na kansu kuma suna ba da wani tashin hankali ga mai kifayen.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Kayan kifi
- Kifaye masu kifi
- Kifin kifi
- Kifin Mackerel
Baits na ruwa na yau da kullun da ake amfani da shi don kifin kifin ya haɗa da cokula, jan ƙarfe ko launuka masu launin azurfa. Kagin da ake amfani da shi don mutane masu ɓatarwa ya haɗa da ƙwai da ƙwarin ƙasa.
