Musangs, ko musang na kowa, ko Malay dabino martens, ko Malay dabino civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) dabbobi masu shayarwa ne daga dangin Viverrids da ke zaune a kudu maso gabas da Kudancin Asiya. Dabbar sananniya ce saboda "rawar ta musamman" wajen samar da Kofi Luwak kofi.
Bayanin musangs
Aramin ɗan dabba mai cin nama wanda ke dangin Viverrids, yana da kamanni na musamman... Ta bayyanar su, musangs suna kama da ferret da cat. Tun daga shekara ta 2009, an yi la'akari da batun ƙara abubuwa masu yawa na ƙasar Sri Lanka zuwa nau'ikan musang uku da ke yanzu.
Bayyanar
Matsakaicin tsayin jikin musang na baligi ya kai cm 48-59, tare da tsawon jela mai nauyin 44-54 cm. Nauyin nauyin dabbar da ya balaga da jima'i ya bambanta daga 1.5-2.5 zuwa 3.8-4.0 kg. Musangi yana da sassauƙa da tsawan jiki a kan gajere amma masu ƙarfi, waɗanda suke da abin jan hankali kamar na cat, da fika. Dabbar tana da banbanci da kai mai fadi da kunkuntar bakinsa da babban hanci hancinsa, manyan idanuwan da suke fitarwa, haka nan kuma kunnuwa masu fadi da kunkuntaka. Hakoran gajeru ne, zagaye, kuma molar suna da siffar murabba'i mai faɗi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda kasancewar gland na musamman masu kamshi, Malayun dabinon Malay sun sami laƙabin da basu saba ba - hermaphrodites (hermaphroditus).
Wsafafu da bakin ciki, da kuma kunnuwan wannan dabbar daji, sun fi launin jikinmu duhu. Spotsananan wurare na iya kasancewa a cikin yankin muzzle. Suturar dabbar tana da tauri da kauri, a launuka masu launin toka. Jawo yana wakilta da sutura mai laushi da babban rigar ƙasa mai laushi.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Musangi dabbobi ne na yau da kullun.... Da rana, irin waɗannan matsakaitan dabbobi suna ƙoƙari su kwantar da hankalinsu a kan fiskar bishiyar inabi, tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi, ko kuma a sauƙaƙe su hau kan ramuka, inda za su yi barci. Bayan faduwar rana ne kawai zasu fara farauta da neman abinci. A wannan lokacin, Malay dabino martens galibi suna yin sautuka da sautuka marasa daɗi. Saboda kasancewar ƙafafu da tsarin gabobin, musangs suna iya motsawa cikin sauri da sauri ta cikin bishiyoyi, inda irin wannan mai cin naman dabba yake ciyar da wani muhimmin ɓangare na lokacin su na kyauta. Idan ya zama dole, dabbar tana gudu da kyau da sauri a kasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda karancin adadin wakilan da ke akwai a halin yanzu, da kuma gudanar da rayuwar dare, ba a fahimci fasalin halayyar Musang na Sri Lanka sosai.
Wani lokacin maƙabtan dabinon Malay suna sauka a saman rufin gine-ginen mazauni ko kuma gidajen bahaya, inda suke tsoratar da mazauna da hayaniya da ihu irin na dare. Koyaya, ƙarami kuma mai saurin aiki yana kawo fa'idodi ga mutane, yana kashe adadi masu yawa na beraye da beraye, tare da hana ɓarkewar annoba da waɗancan beraye ke yadawa. Palm martens suna jagoranci mafi dacewa ta rayuwa mai zaman kansa, sabili da haka, irin wannan dabba mai cin ganyayyaki yana haɗuwa biyu-biyu musamman a lokacin saduwa don haifuwa.
Musang yaushe zeyi rayuwa
Matsakaicin tsawon rai da aka yi wa rajista a hukumance na musang a cikin daji yana tsakanin shekaru 12-15, kuma dabba mai farautar gida na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ashirin, amma an san mutanen gida, wadanda shekarunsu suka kusan kwata na karni.
Jima'i dimorphism
Mata da maza na Musang suna da gland na musamman masu kama da kwayar halitta, wanda ke ɓoye wani sirri na musamman mai kamshi da ƙamshin musky. Saboda haka, bayyananniyar bambance-bambancen halittar juna tsakanin maza da mata na jinsi ɗaya sam basa nan. Mata suna da nonuwa uku.
Ire-iren musang
Babban bambanci tsakanin wakilan jinsuna daban-daban na musang shine bambancin launin kawunansu:
- Musang Asiya - ma'abucin launin toka mai launin toka mai ratsi a cikin jiki duka. Sai kawai kusa da ciki, irin waɗannan ratsi suna haske kuma a hankali suna juyawa zuwa tabo;
- Sri lankan musang - nau'in da ba a cika samunsa ba tare da sutura tun daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launuka masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin ja da haske daga zinariya mai haske zuwa launin zinare-ja. Hakanan akwai daidaikun mutane masu launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske;
- Musang ta Kudu ta Indiya - An bambanta shi da launin launin ruwan goro mai duhu, tare da duhun gashi a wuyansa, kai, wutsiya da ƙafafu. Wani lokaci furfura tana nan a jikin rigar. Launin irin wannan dabba yana da bambancin gaske, wanda ya fara daga launin shuɗi mai haske ko ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa launuka masu duhu masu duhu. Wutsiyar duhu wani lokacin tana da raƙuman rawaya rawanin fari ko farin fari mai haske.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Musangs an rarrabe su ta hanyar yawancin ƙananan raƙuman kuɗi tsakanin membobin Viverrids, gami da P.h. hermaphroditus, P.h. bondar, P.h. canus, P.h. dongfangensis, P.h. fita, P.h. kangeanus, P.h. salamar launi, P.h. karami, P.h. nictitans, P.h. pallasii, P.h. parvus, P.h. pugnax, P.h. maɓalli, P.h. scindiae, P.h. setosus, P.h. simplex da P.h. vellerosus.
Wakilan launin ruwan kasa suna da alamu iri ɗaya, waɗanda suke da launi mai ruwan kasa, kuma a cikin musang na zinare, launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan zinare tare da ƙarshen gashi mai ƙoshin lafiya.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Malayan dabino Malayan ko bishiyun dabin Malayan sun yadu a Kudu da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Yankin Musang ya sami wakilcin Indiya, kudancin China, Sri Lanka, Hainan Island da kudancin Philippines, da Borneo, Sumatra, Java da sauran tsibirai da yawa. Mahalli na dabba mai farauta shine yankunan daji na wurare masu zafi.
Musangar Kudancin Indiya ko wutsiyar baƙon launin ruwan kasa mazaunin ƙauyuka ne da dazukan wurare masu zafi, waɗanda suke a tsawan mita 500-1300 sama da matakin teku. Irin waɗannan dabbobin galibi ana samun su kusa da gonakin shayi da mazaunin ɗan adam. Musangs na Sri Lankan sun fi son wuraren da ke da danshi, gami da tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa, yankuna masu zafi da damuna, wadanda ke zaune a raye-raye na manyan bishiyoyi.
Abincin Musang
Babban, mahimmin ɓangare na abincin musangs na Sri lankan yana wakiltar kowane nau'in 'ya'yan itace... Dabbobin farauta suna cin 'ya'yan itacen mangwaro da yawa, kofi, abarba, kankana da ayaba cikin farin ciki. Lokaci-lokaci, shahidan dabino ma suna cin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, gami da tsuntsaye da macizai, waɗanda ba su da girma sosai, da ƙadangare da kwadi, jemage da tsutsotsi. Abincin tsofaffin musangs kuma ya hada da nau'ikan kwari da sabulu mai yashi wanda ake kira toddy, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mazauna yankin ke kiran waɗannan dabbobin da yara ƙanana. Lokaci-lokaci dabbobin da suke zaune kusa da mazaunin mutane suna satar kowane irin kaji.
Dangane da nau'ikan dabbobi masu cin komai, mussangs suna cinye nau'ikan abinci iri-iri, amma sun shahara da amfani da hatsi a yankunan gonakin kofi. Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin da ba a lalata ba suna ba da damar samun kofi mafi tsada da kuma daɗin Kopi Luwak. Cin 'ya'yan itacen kofi, dabbobi suna ɓoye su kusan mara ƙima, tsarkakakke. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin tasirin enzymes na halitta, wasu matakai suna faruwa a cikin hanjin hanji na musang, wanda ke haɓaka ingantattun halaye masu kyau na wake na kofi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Musangs sun balaga da kimanin shekara ɗaya da haihuwa. Mace mai cikakkiyar mace ta Musanga takan kusanci namiji ne kawai a lokacin saduwa. Bayan 'yan watanni, ba a haifi' ya'ya da yawa a cikin tsararren shiri da shirya ba. A ƙa'ida, ana haihuwar jarirai tsakanin farkon Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar Disamba. Matan musan na Sri Lanka na iya samun yara biyu a shekara.
Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin zuriyar musang guda ɗaya, daga ɗiya biyu zuwa biyar makafi kuma kwata kwata kwata kwata basu da kariya, tare da matsakaicin nauyin kusan gram 70-80. A rana ta goma sha ɗaya, idanun jarirai suke buɗe, amma ana shayar da madarar mace har zuwa watanni biyu da haihuwa.
Mace tana kiyayewa da ciyar da zuriyarta har zuwa shekara ɗaya, bayan haka dabbobi masu girma da ƙarfi suna samun cikakken 'yanci.
Makiya na halitta
A al'adance mutane suna farautar musangar Sri Lanka don fata mai kyau da mai daɗi, mai gina jiki, mai daɗin nama... Hakanan, a cikin mahallin madadin magani, warkarwa na ciki na musangs na Asiya, wanda aka saka tare da wani adadin ingantaccen mai flaxseed mai, ana amfani dashi ko'ina.
Wannan yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shaharar musang kamar dabbobi na daɗa ƙaruwa sosai, waɗanda ke kamawa cikin yanayi kuma suna saurin nutsuwa, suka zama masu kauna da kyawawan halaye, kamar kuliyoyin talakawa.
Irin wannan abun abun dadadden zamani ne kuma, a cewar masu warkarwa da yawa, magani ne mai matukar tasiri ga rikitaccen nau'in scabies. Bugu da kari, civet, wanda aka ciro daga musangs, ana amfani dashi sosai ba kawai a cikin magani ba, har ma a masana'antar turare. Dabbobin galibi ana lalata su a matsayin dabbobin da ke cutar da kofi da gonar abarba, da kuma filayen kaji.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Girman yawan mutanen musangar Sri Lanka yana raguwa sosai. Babban dalilin raguwar lambobi shine farautar dabbobi masu farauta da sare dazuzzuka. Adadin mutane na wannan nau'in, wanda ke rayuwa ne kawai a tsibirin Ceylon, a hankali yana raguwa, don haka a cikin shekaru sama da goma da suka gabata, an fara aiwatar da wani shiri na musamman da nufin kula da kiwon Musang a wadannan yankuna. Musangan Kudancin Indiya suna da ƙwazo sosai wajen rarraba tsaba a cikin yankin yammacin Ghats na Yammacin Turai.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Katar Pallas
- Red ko ƙaramin panda
- Kayan ciki
- Martens
Dabba mai cin dabba ba ya lalata tsaba daga 'ya'yan itacen da aka cinye kwata-kwata, sabili da haka yana taimaka wa yaduwarsu nesa da yankin ci gaba na tsire-tsire na iyaye, amma yawancin jama'a suna fuskantar barazanar gaske ta hanyar lalata wurin zama na asali a yankunan ma'adinai masu aiki. A halin yanzu, an haɗa musangs a cikin Shafi na III na CITES a Indiya, kuma P.h. lignicolor an lasafta shi a cikin shafukan littafin Red Red na Duniya a matsayin ƙananan ƙananan ƙasashe masu rauni.
