Sterlet mallakar dangin sturgeon ana ɗauke dashi ɗayan tsoffin jinsunan kifaye: kakanninta suka bayyana a duniya a ƙarshen zamanin Silurian. Yana da hanyoyi da yawa kwatankwacin ire-irensa masu alaƙa, kamar su beluga, stellate sturgeon, thorn da sturgeon, amma ƙarami a cikin girma. An daɗe ana ɗaukar wannan kifin a matsayin jinsin kasuwanci mai ƙimar gaske, amma har zuwa yau, saboda raguwar lambarsa, an hana kamun kifin a cikin mazauninsa kuma ana ɗaukarsa ba doka ba.
Bayanin sterlet
Sterlet memba ne na ƙananan ƙananan kifi, wanda ake kira cartilaginous ganoids... Kamar kowane ɗan sturgeon, ma'aunin wannan kifin mai farautar ruwa yana kama da farantin ƙashi, wanda yalwata yalwata da sifa mai juya-baya.
Bayyanar
Sterlet ana daukarta mafi ƙanƙanta tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan halittun sturgeon. Girman jikin baligi da wuya ya wuce 120-130 cm, amma yawanci waɗannan masu gabobin sun fi ƙarami: 30-40 cm, kuma nauyinsu bai wuce kilogram biyu ba.
Sterlet yana da jiki mai tsayi kuma yana da girma babba, idan aka kwatanta da shi, kan mai girman uku. Hancin sa yana da tsayi, mai kwalliya, tare da kasa lebe kasa biyu, wanda shine ɗayan fitattun sifofin wannan kifin. A ƙasa, a hancin hancin sa, akwai jerin eriya masu ƙyalli, suma suna cikin sauran wakilan dangin sturgeon.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sterlet ya zo cikin siffofi biyu: mai kaifi-hanci, wanda ake ɗauka na gargajiya da mara-ƙarfi, wanda a gefensa aka toshe shi da ɗan kaho.
An rufe kansa daga sama tare da fused bony scuts. A jikin akwai ma'aunin ganoid tare da kwari da yawa, yana canzawa tare da ƙananan tsinkaye kamar tsinkayen hatsi. Ba kamar yawancin kifayen da yawa ba, a cikin sterlet fin fin din yana gudun hijira kusa da jelar jikin. Wutsiyar tana da sifa iri ɗaya don kifin sturgeon, yayin da ƙwanƙolinsa na sama ya fi tsayi tsayi fiye da na ƙasan.
Launin jikin sterlet yawanci duhu ne, yawanci launin toka-ruwan kasa, galibi tare da haɗuwa da launin rawaya mara launi. Ciki ya fi launuka fari haske; a wasu samfuran yana iya zama kusan fari. Ya banbanta da sauran stergeon sterlet, da farko, ta hanyar katse lebenta da yawan ƙwaro, wanda adadinsu zai iya wuce guda 50.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Sterlet kifi ne mai farauta wanda ke rayuwa keɓaɓɓe a cikin rafuka, kuma ya fi so ya zauna cikin tsaftataccen tafki mai ruwa mai gudana. Lokaci kawai yakan iya iyo cikin teku, amma a can ana iya samun sa kusa da bakin koguna.
A lokacin bazara, yakan tsaya a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, kuma ana iya samun samarin sitiyari a cikin matsattsun hanyoyin ko rami kusa da tsattsauran ra'ayi. A lokacin kaka, kifin ya nitse zuwa ƙasa kuma ya shiga cikin ɓacin rai, wanda ake kira rami, inda yake hibernates. A lokacin sanyi, tana jagorantar salon rayuwa: ba ta farauta kuma ba ta cin komai. Bayan kankara ta buɗe, dutsen ya bar ramuka a ƙasan tafki ya haye kogi domin ci gaba da tserensa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ba kamar yawancin sturgeon ba, waɗanda ake ɗaukarsu a matsayin ƙaunatattun masoya, mashahurin ya fi son ya zauna a cikin babban garken. Ko da a ramuka don lokacin hunturu, kifin ba ya tafiya shi kaɗai, amma tare da haɗin danginsa da yawa.
Yawancin daruruwan sterlets wani lokacin hunturu a cikin ɓacin rai ɗaya na ƙasa. A lokaci guda, ana iya matse su kusa da juna ta yadda da wuya su motsa gishirinsu da fincinsu.
Har yaushe ne sterlet ke rayuwa?
Sterlet din yana rayuwa, kamar sauran kifin sturgeon, na dogon lokaci. Rayuwarsa a cikin yanayin yanayi na iya kaiwa shekaru talatin. Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da wannan tsaunin, shekarun sun kai shekaru 80 har ma da ƙari, ba daidai bane a kira ta dogon hanta tsakanin wakilan dangin ta.
Jima'i dimorphism
Raunin jima'i a cikin wannan kifin kwata-kwata babu shi. Maza da mata na wannan nau'in ba su da bambanci da juna ko dai a launin jiki ko a girma. Jikin mata, kamar na maza, an lulluɓe shi da sikeli masu sihiri waɗanda suke kama da fitattun abubuwa na jiki; ƙari kuma, yawan ma'aunan ba su da yawa sosai a tsakanin maza da mata daban-daban.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Sterlet yana zaune a cikin kogunan da suke kwarara zuwa tekun Black, Azov da Caspian... Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin kogunan arewa, misali, a cikin Ob, Yenisei, Northern Dvina, haka kuma a cikin tafkunan Ladoga da Onega tabkuna. Bugu da kari, wannan kifin yana zaune ne ta hanyar wucin gadi a cikin koguna kamar Neman, Pechora, Amur da Oka da kuma a wasu manyan wuraren ruwa.
Sterlet na iya rayuwa ne kawai a cikin tafki tare da tsaftataccen ruwan sha, yayin da ya fi so ya zauna a cikin koguna da yashi mai yashi ko ƙanƙan dutse. A lokaci guda, mata na ƙoƙari su kasance kusa da ƙasan tafki, yayin da maza ke ninkaya a cikin layin ruwa kuma, gabaɗaya, ke tafiyar da rayuwa mafi inganci.
Abincin Sterlet
Sterlet wani mai farauta ne wanda ke ciyar da mafi yawa akan ƙananan invertebrates na cikin ruwa. Abincin wannan kifin ya ta'allaka ne akan ƙwayoyin halittar benthic, kamar su ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma amphipod crustaceans, ƙwayai daban-daban da ƙananan tsutsotsi masu rai a ƙasan tafkin. Sterlet ba zai ƙi daga caviar sauran kifin ba, yana cin shi musamman da yardar rai. Manyan mutane na wannan nau'in kuma na iya ciyar da kifi mai matsakaici, amma a lokaci guda suna ƙoƙari su rasa ganima mai yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda gaskiyar cewa stan mata marasa ɗabi'a suna rayuwa ta kusa-ƙasa, kuma maza suna ninkaya a cikin ruwan buɗewa, kifin na jinsi daban-daban suna cin abinci daban. Mata suna neman abinci a cikin ƙasan ƙasa, kuma maza suna farautar ɓarna a cikin ruwa. Sananan yara sun fi son farauta a cikin duhu.
Fry da ƙananan kifi suna cin abincin dabbobi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, a hankali suna faɗaɗa abincin su ta hanyar ƙara masa ƙananan ƙananan sannan manyan invertebrates.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A karo na farko, sterlet ta haihu da wuri don sturgeons: maza masu shekaru 4-5, da mata masu shekaru 7-8. A lokaci guda, ya sake yin taɗi a cikin shekaru 1-2 bayan da ya gabata ya haɓaka.
Wannan lokacin ya zama tilas ga mace ta murmure gabaɗaya daga “haihuwa” da ta gabata, wanda ke rage ƙwayoyin halittar wakilan wannan dangi.
Lokacin kiwo don wannan kifin yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon bazara - kimanin, daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa ƙarshenta, lokacin da zafin ruwan da ke cikin tafkin ya kai daga digiri 7 zuwa 20, duk da cewa yanayin zafin da ya fi dacewa na wannan nau'in don ɓarna shine 10 -15 digiri. Amma wani lokacin spawning na iya farawa a baya ko daga baya fiye da wannan lokacin: a farkon Mayu ko tsakiyar Yuni. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa ba a saita zafin ruwan da ake buƙata don taɓarɓarewa ta kowace hanya saboda wani dalili ko wata. Hakanan, lokacin da yakamata ya fara haifuwa, matakin ruwa a cikin kogin da yake zaune shima yana shafar.
Sturgeon wanda ke zaune a cikin Volga baya zuwa yawon haihuwa a lokaci guda... Mutanen da ke zaune a gefen kogin sun ɗan fara da waɗanda suka fi son zama a ƙasan. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar lokacin da waɗannan kifaye ke ɓatarwa a kan babbar ambaliyar, kuma tana farawa ne a saman saman kogin a baya fiye da na ƙananan. Sterlet ya haifar da caviar a cikin hanzari, a waɗancan wuraren da ruwa ke da tsabta musamman, kuma an rufe kasan da pebbles. Ita kyakkyawa ce ingantacciya: adadin kwan da mace ta haifa a wani lokaci na iya kaiwa 16,000 ko ma fiye da haka.
Eggswai masu ɗauri, waɗanda aka ajiye a ƙasa, suna ci gaba har tsawon kwanaki, bayan haka toya ƙyanƙyashe daga gare su. A rana ta goma ta rayuwa, lokacin da jakar kwai ta ɓace, girman ƙananan stan tsalle ba ya wuce cm 1.5. Bayyanar yara a cikin wannan nau'in ya ɗan bambanta da na tsofaffi. Bakin larvae karami ne, an gicciye shi, kuma eriya da aka ɗanɗana kusan daidai suke da girman. Leɓan bakinsu na riga an riga an raba su biyu, kamar yadda yake a cikin manyan tambura. Sashin babba na kai a cikin samarin kifin wannan nau'in an rufe shi da ƙananan ƙashi. Yaran yara suna da launi mai duhu fiye da wadanda suka balaga; ;arin duhu yana zama sananne musamman a cikin jelar jikin samari na shekara.
Na dogon lokaci, samarin sitiriyya suna cikin wurin da suka taɓa fitowa daga ƙwai. Kuma kawai ta kaka, sun kai girman 11-25 cm, suna zuwa bakin kogin. A lokaci guda, sterlets na jinsi daban-daban suna girma cikin hanzari iri ɗaya: maza da mata tun daga farko ba su bambanta da juna a girma ba, kamar yadda, ba zato ba tsammani, sun kasance iri ɗaya a launi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sterlet na iya haɗuwa tare da wasu kifaye na dangin sturgeon, kamar su nau'ikan tsutsar ciki, misali, Siberian da Rasha ɗan sturgeon ko stellate sturgeon. Kuma daga beluga da sterlet a cikin shekarun 1950 na karni na ashirin, wani sabon ƙirar ƙirar da aka kirkira - bester, wanda a halin yanzu shine ƙirar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci.
Ofimar wannan nau'ikan jinsin ya faru ne saboda cewa, kamar beluga, yana girma sosai da sauri kuma yana samun nauyi. Amma a lokaci guda, ba kamar ƙarshen belugas ba, masu kyauta, kamar sterlets, ana rarrabe su ta hanyar balaga da wuri, wanda ke ba da damar hanzarta haihuwar waɗannan kifin a cikin fursuna.
Makiya na halitta
Dangane da gaskiyar cewa sterlet na rayuwa a cikin ginshiƙan ruwa ko ma kusa da ƙasan ruwa, waɗannan kifayen suna da fewan makiya na halitta..
Bugu da ƙari, babban haɗarin ba ga manya ba ne, amma don ƙwayayen da ake soya da soya, waɗanda kifin wasu nau'ikan ke ci, gami da waɗanda ke cikin dangin sturgeon da ke zaune a filayen da ake zubar da jini. A lokaci guda, kifin kifi da beluga suna wakiltar babban haɗari ga yara.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kafin haka, ko da shekaru saba'in da suka gabata, sterlet na ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan halittu masu yawa kuma masu nasara, amma a yanzu gurɓataccen magudanan ruwa da najasa, gami da farautar ɓarnata masu yawa sun yi aikinsu. Don haka, zuwa wani lokaci yanzu, an lissafa wannan kifin a cikin Littafin Ja a matsayin mai hatsari, kuma bisa tsarin kasa da kasa na nau'ikan kariya, za'a sanya shi a matsayin "Raunanan halittu".
Darajar kasuwanci
Can baya a tsakiyar karni na 20, ana daukar sterlet a matsayin mafi kifin kasuwanci na yau da kullun, wanda ake gudanar da kamun kifi da shi, kodayake ba za a iya kwatanta shi da sikelin juyin-juya hali na kamawa ba, lokacin da aka kama kusan tan 40 na shi a kowace shekara. Koyaya, a halin yanzu, an hana kama sterlet a cikin mazauninsu kuma kusan ba a aiwatar dashi. Koyaya, wannan kifin yana ci gaba da bayyana a kasuwa, sabo ne ko kuma daskararre, da gishiri, sigari da abincin gwangwani. Daga ina ne ake samun fitattun abubuwa, idan an kamasu a cikin rafuka an daɗe da hana su kuma ana ɗaukarsu ba doka ba?
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Pike
- Kaluga
- Sturgeon
- Kifi
Gaskiyar ita ce, mutane masu kulawa da ke cikin ayyukan muhalli wadanda ba sa son dattin ya bace daga fuskar Duniya a matsayin jinsinsu, zuwa wani lokaci yanzu sun fara kirkirar wannan kifin a cikin kamuwa, a gonakin kifin da aka kera musamman domin wadannan dalilai. Kuma, idan da farko an ɗauki waɗannan matakan ne kawai don ceton sterlet a matsayin jinsin, yanzu, lokacin da wadatar wannan kifin da aka haife shi a cikin fursuna, farfaɗowa a hankali ga tsoffin al'adun girke-girke masu alaƙa da wannan kifin ya fara. Tabbas, a halin yanzu, nama mara laushi ba zai iya zama mai arha ba, kuma ingancin kifin da aka ɗora a cikin fursuna bai fi na wanda yake girma a yanayin yanayi ba. Koyaya, gonakin kifi dama ce mai kyau ga sterlet ba wai kawai ta rayu a matsayin jinsi ba, amma kuma ta sake zama nau'in nau'in kasuwanci na yau da kullun, kamar yadda ya kasance shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sterlet, wanda aka yi la'akari da mafi ƙanƙanta daga jinsunan sturgeon, ya bambanta da sauran wakilan wannan dangin ba kawai a cikin ƙaramarta ba, amma har ma ta yadda ya isa balaga cikin sauri fiye da sauran stan sandar.
Wannan shi ne, da gaskiyar cewa sterlet kifi ne wanda ba shi da ma'ana ga abinci, kuma yana ba shi sauƙi don hayayyafa a cikin fursuna da kuma kiwon sabbin nau'in kifin sturgeon, kamar, misali, mai bi. Sabili da haka, duk da cewa a halin yanzu mallakar nasa ne da ke cikin haɗari, har yanzu dutsen na da kyakkyawar damar rayuwa azaman jinsi. Bayan duk wannan, mutane ba su da sha'awar wannan kifin da ya ɓace daga fuskar Duniya, sabili da haka duk matakan da suka dace na muhalli ana ɗaukarsu don adana bakuncin.
