Baleen ko Whale mara hakora wasu manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne da ke rayuwa cikin ruwa. Sun sami sunansu ne saboda kasancewar whalebones a kan gumis, wanda yake kusa da gumis, tare da taimakon waɗanda waɗannan dabbobin suna ciyar da ƙananan mazaunan ruwa.
Bayani na baleen whales
Akwai iyalai 4 na wannan rukunin: minke, dwarf, launin toka da whales masu santsi, waɗanda suka bambanta da kama da halaye na ɗabi'a.
Bayyanar
Girman waɗannan dabbobin suna daga m 6. Zuwa 34 m., Kuma nauyin daga tan 3. Zuwa tan 200.... Maza da mata sun bambanta a bayyanar, na biyun sun fi girma da kiba a cikin dukkan nau'ikan. Jikin kifin Whale yana daidaita, akwai fika-silan wutsiya, wanda ya baiwa wasu nau'ikan damar isa zuwa gudun kilomita 50 / h (finafinan Whales) da ƙoshin dorsal, amma ba duka nau'ikan bane.
Babban kan yana daga ⅓ zuwa ⅕ na girman dukkan jiki, wanda, amma, bahalen baleen ba zai iya juyawa ba saboda fatar bakin mahaifa. Kogon bakin yana da girma, ya ƙunshi harshe, rabin mai kuma ya kai wani nauyi mai mahimmanci, alal misali, tan 3 - a cikin shudayen shuɗi (shuɗi). A cikin ramin parietal akwai hanci biyu, kuma ana iya aiwatar da ayyukan ta hanyar vibrissae - bristles a fuska, wadanda ba safai ake samun su ba, amma kusan jijiyoyin 400 sun dace da gashi daya.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Fatar bahaushiya na baleen yayi kauri, tare da yalwar kitse a ƙarƙashinta, wanda ke bawa waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa damar rayuwa da samun abinci a yanayin ƙarancin yanayi. Launi galibi duhu ne, sauran tabarau a sassa daban-daban na jiki sun bambanta daga jinsuna zuwa jinsi, koda cikin dangi.
A cikin ramin bakin akwai whalebone - farantin ƙarfe mai kama da uku wanda aka haɗe shi zuwa saman muƙamuƙi, a ƙarshen yana da ƙyallen fulawa.
Farantin suna tazara daga juna a nesa daga 0.4 zuwa 1.3 cm, suna da tsayi daidai daga 20 zuwa 450 cm, lambar su ta bambanta daga guda 350 zuwa 800. Godiya ga gefen baki, ƙaramin abinci ya rage mata, kamar a cikin raga mai kyau, lokacin da kifin kifi ke tace manyan ruwa, sannan a tura shi cikin maƙogwaro da harshe.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Yawancin bahar whales suna yin iyo a hankali. Wasu nau'ikan nutsuwa suna danganta su da tasoshin da ke matso kusa (whales masu launin toka), wasu kuma suna ƙoƙari kada su faɗa cikin fagen hangen ɗan adam (dwarf Whales).
Yana da ban sha'awa!Ana yin ƙaura ne ta hanyar motsawa daga yankuna masu ciyarwa masu sanyi zuwa tsaunukan wurare masu zafi don kiwo da dawowa tare da yara masu girma.
Ba za a iya samun kifayen gwal marasa ƙarfi a kaɗaita ko a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ba... Sau da yawa zaka iya samun salo iri-iri na fashion - uwaye da ɗiya. Koyaya, yayin ciyarwa, farauta ko yayin lokacin saduwa, yana yiwuwa waɗannan dabbobin su taru a cikin babban mulkin mallaka, har su kai ga mutane 50 ko fiye.
Yawancin jinsuna suna jagorancin rayuwar bakin teku, galibi yin iyo a cikin raƙuman ruwa masu ƙarancin ruwa, tare da wahalar fita daga cikinsu. Wasu nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Nutsewa zuwa zurfin abinci, suna nuna wutsiyar wutsiya, banda seival. Sau da yawa sukan yi tsalle daga cikin ruwan, suna fitar da sautukan halayyarsu, kuma suna sakin ruwa a cikin hanyar mabubbugar daga yankin kansar kan.
Har yaushe baleen whales ke rayuwa
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar bahalen baleen daga shekara 50 zuwa sama a cikin kifayen ruwan whales, kogin humpback da whale whales zuwa sama da shekaru 100 a cikin kifin whales. A lokaci guda, babban kifin Whale da shuɗin whale na iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 90, kuma kifin Whale na Japan da sei whale - fiye da shekaru 70.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana iya ganin wakilan wannan yanki na halittun cetaceans a duk ɓangarorin duniyar ruwa na duniya. Ruwan sanyi na Arctic, Antarctic da Southern Hemisphere na jan hankalin bahalan ruwa tare da wadataccen abinci, yayin da latitudes masu dumi ke taimakawa ƙyanƙyashe zuriya da shirya don ƙarin ƙaura zuwa wuraren da suka fi arziki. Banda ita ce kifin whale, wanda ke ƙaura a cikin tekun Arctic, da kuma amaryar Amarya, wadda ba ta barin yanayin yanayin ƙasa da na wurare masu zafi. Sei whales da fin whales, a gefe guda, sun fi son buɗewar ruwan sanyi na Tekun Duniya: Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Atlantika, Kudancin Atlantika da sauran lokacin bazara da damuna mai ɗumi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Bulu whale kuma yana manne da buɗe ruwa, amma yana da wuya a gan shi. Dwarf Whales ba safai ake samunsu ba kuma a cikin yanayin yanayin ƙasan yankin Kudancin Kasan, don haka akwai ɗan bayani game da su.
Kowane yawan jama'a yana da nasa hanyoyin ƙaura. Misali, Whale mai santsi na Japan ya fi son yankuna na ruwa na Gabas mai Nisa ko Tekun Arctic, kifayen ruwan toka suna son zurfin ruwa mai nisa na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Yankin Kalifoniya, inda suke iyo don kiwo. Humpbacks na iya biye da ruwan shiryayyu da tafiya mai nisa zuwa arewacin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Fasifik, yayin ƙaura zuwa gaɓar yammacin Afirka, Hawaii da kudancin tsibirin Japan.
Abinci na baleen whales
Whales masu laushi suna cin abinci akan ƙananan crustaceans na planktonic, yayin da kifayen masu launin toka suke cin crustaceans da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halittar benthic, suna ɗauke su duka daga ƙasa da kuma daga layin ruwa.
Whales da aka yi rararrawa, musamman: whales na humpback, minke whales, sei whales da fin whales, ban da plankton, suna ciyar da ƙananan kifi kamar su herring ko capelin, suna kwankwasa su cikin wata babbar makaranta yayin farauta a cikin garken ko da taimakon kumfar ruwa, sannan kuma su fito a tsakiyar wannan rukuni, suna ƙoƙari kama iyakar kifin da bakinka.
Jirgin ruwa, juriya na iya zama abincin abinci don adanawa da kifin whales... Thearshen, lokacin ciyarwa, galibi suna juyawa zuwa gefen dama, suna tsotsa cikin manyan ruwa tare da matsakaitan abinci na ciki, sannan tace shi ta whalebone. Amma shuɗin whale yafi ciyarwa akan plankton.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Balaga tsakanin jima'i a cikin kifayen whales marasa haƙori na faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- a cikin Whale mai santsi na Japan yana da shekaru 10 tare da tsayin 15 m,
- a cikin kifin whales a cikin shekaru 20-25 tare da tsawon 12-14 m,
- a cikin ruwan toka, whales na humpback, blue whales - yana da shekaru 5-10 tare da girman 11-12 m.,
- don kifi whales da finafinan Whales - 6-12 shekaru, tare da 13-14 m. seeders da 19-20 m.
- a cikin whales na minke - yayin da suka kai shekaru 3-5.
A lokacin farautar, balelen whale na iya taruwa a cikin manyan kungiyoyi, inda maza a yayin rututtukan ke iya hayayyafa da sautuka daban-daban (waƙoƙi), suna nuna sha'awar su aura da ɗaura mace ɗaya ko mata da yawa na dogon lokaci. Yawancin lokaci, mata suna barin namiji ɗaya ya shigo, amma kifayen kifin baka suna da aure fiye da ɗaya a cikin wannan lamarin. Babu wata gasa mai ƙarfi tsakanin masifa.
Mace yawanci takan haifi kifi whale daya a shekaru 2-4, amma kifin na kifi na iya haihuwa sau daya duk bayan shekaru 1-2. Lokacin haihuwa shine watanni 11-14. Haihuwar haihuwa a wuraren hunturu, yayin:
- don kifin Whale a watan Disamba-Maris,
- don Greenlandic - a cikin Afrilu-Yuni,
- a cikin humpbacks - a Nuwamba-Fabrairu.
Yana da ban sha'awa!An haifi jarirai a cikin wutsiyar ruwa da farko, yayin da 'yan uwansa manya zasu iya taimaka masa ya hau saman ruwan don shaƙar numfashin farko. Girman kumbiya zai iya kaiwa ¼ na jikin mahaifiya, jikinta gabaɗaya daidai yake.
Zuriya suna cin abinci a ƙarƙashin ruwa, suna haɗiye kan nonon na secondsan daƙiƙoƙi, daga hakan ne, saboda ƙuntatawar tsokoki na musamman na uwar, ana yayyafa madarar mai mai mai da yawa a cikin ramin bakinsa. Mace tana samar da madara mai yawa, don haka theasan suna girma da sauri, don haka wakilan theabilar shuɗi mai shuɗi za su iya sakin har zuwa lita 200. madara a kowace rana.
Lactation yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 12, amma a cikin whales na minke yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 5, kuma a cikin sei whales da blue whales watanni 6-9. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin uwa da ɗiya tana da ƙarfi sosai. A farkon rayuwa, whalebones a cikin zuriya suna haɓaka sosai a hankali, duk da haka, a ƙarshen ciyarwar madara, ƙarfin haɓakar su yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke bawa matasa damar ciyar da kansu.
Makiya na halitta
Whales na gashin-baki ba shi da makiya a cikin yanayi, kusan haɗarin kawai yana barazana ga jariran da aka haifa daga manyan mafarauta, kamar su shark ko kifayen kifayen, da raunana ko marasa lafiya. Amma akwai wasu lokuta lokacin da kifayen kifi kan whales marasa haƙori, wanda, saboda jinkirinsu, ba zai iya tunkarar abokan gaba da sauri ba. Sharks, cizon yankakken nama daga kifin Whale, na iya raunana wanda aka azabtar, kuma zubar da jini da wannan ya haifar na iya jan hankalin sauran kifayen... Whales, duk da haka, suna da damar da za su iya kauce wa masu kai hari ta hanyar bugun daga wutsiya ko kuma kiran danginsu don taimaka wa sautunan da suke yi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu, wakilan wannan ƙaramin yanki suna cikin wata hanyar ko ta wata hanyar kariya saboda barazanar ƙarewa. Adadin wasu jinsunan bai wuce mutane da yawa ba. An haramta farauta a arewacin whales, Japan, whales humpback, sei whales, da blue whales.
Mahimmanci!Tsanani mai tsokaci kan yawan bahar whale shine lalacewa daga haɗuwa da jiragen ruwa yayin ƙaura, kayan kamun kifi, da kuma mummunan tasirin ayyukan yawon buɗe ido.
Ana iya ɗaukar haɗarin da ke iya zama gurɓatar ruwan teku da raguwar wadataccen abinci saboda canjin duniya cikin yanayin yanayi.
Darajar kasuwanci
Norway, Japan da Koriya ta Kudu suna hakar ma'adinai na Whales a ma'aunin masana'antu. An ba da izinin farautar bukatun 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin ƙididdigar da aka kafa don: kifin whale, whales na gabas mai launin toka, kifayen kifi Ana amfani da naman Whale don abinci, ana amfani da whalebone don yin abubuwan tunawa, kuma ana amfani da kitse don buƙatun abinci, likitanci da sauran masana’antu, da sauran na waje.
