Rakumai (Camelus) nau'in halittu ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa (Camelidae) da ƙananan masu kira (Camelidae). Manyan wakilai na artiodactyl order (Artiodactyla) an daidaita su da kyau don rayuwa a yankuna masu bushewa, gami da hamada, saharar sahara da steppes.
Bayanin raƙumi
Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar raƙumi ya bambanta tsakanin 500-800 kilogiram, wanda tsayinsa a bushe bai fi 200-210 cm ba... Rakuma masu-zafin-kai guda ɗaya suna da launi mai launi-ja-ja-jaja, yayin da raƙumman-huɗu-huɗu masu launin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Bayyanar
Rakumai suna da gashin gashi mai tsini, doguwa mai tsaho, da kananan kunnuwa zagaye. Wakilan dangin raƙumi da ƙananan ƙananan kiraye-kirayen suna da halaye na haƙoran 38, waɗanda goma ke wakiltar molar, kanana biyu, molar goma, molar biyu, wata canines da molar goma sha biyu.
Godiya ga dogayen gashin ido masu tsayi, manyan idanun raƙumi ana kiyaye su da aminci daga shigowar yashi da ƙura, kuma hancin hancin-hanci, idan ya zama dole, suna iya rufewa sosai. Ganin raƙumi yana da kyau ƙwarai, don haka dabbar tana iya ganin mai motsi a nesa mai nisan kilomita, da mota har ma da nisan kilomita biyar. Babban dabba mai hamada yana jin ƙanshin ruwa da tsire-tsire.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Rakumi yana iya jin warin yankin makiyaya ko kuma kasancewar ruwa mai dadi ko da nisan kilomita hamsin ne, kuma idan ya hango tsawa a sama, dabbar da ke hamada za ta bi ta inda suke, da fatan isa wani wuri da ruwan sama.
Dabba mai shayarwa ya dace sosai da rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu wahala da rashin ruwa, sannan kuma yana da alamomi na musamman, wuyan hannu, gwiwar hannu da gwiwoyin gwiwa, wanda galibi yakan hadu da kasar da take zafin rana zuwa 70 ° C. Jayayyen busassun Jawo na dabba an yi niyyar kare shi daga zafin rana da sanyin dare. Yatsun da ke haɗe da juna suna yin tafin kafa ɗaya. Feetafafun raƙumi mai faɗi da mai yatsu biyu an daidaita su sosai don tafiya a kan ƙananan duwatsu da yashi mai yashi.
Rakumi baya iya rasa adadin ruwa mai yawa tare da najasar. Danshi wanda aka saki daga hancin hancin lokacin numfashi ana samun saukin tattara shi a cikin wani ninka na musamman, bayan haka sai ya shiga ramin bakin dabbar. Rakumai suna iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba na dogon lokaci, amma a lokaci guda kusan 40% na jimlar nauyin jiki ya ɓace.
Aya daga cikin keɓaɓɓiyar musanyawar raƙuma don rayuwa a cikin hamada shine kasancewar tudu, waɗanda suke manyan ɗakunan kitse kuma suna aiki a matsayin wani nau'in "rufin" da ke kare bayan dabba daga hasken rana mai zafi. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yawan adadin irin wannan kitse na dukkan jiki a yankin baya yana taimakawa wajen fitar da zafi mai kyau. Rakumai kwararrun masu ninkaya ne, kuma yayin motsi a cikin ruwa, irin wadannan dabbobi galibi suna karkatar da jikinsu zuwa gefe.
Hali da salon rayuwa
A cikin daji, raƙumi yana son ya zauna, amma irin wannan dabba koyaushe tana tafiya ta cikin yankuna daban-daban na hamada, da kuma filayen duwatsu ko manyan tuddai, suna ƙoƙarin tsayawa a cikin manyan wurare, da tuni aka yi musu alama. Duk wani haptagai sun fi son matsawa tsakanin hanyoyin samun ruwa, wanda hakan ke basu damar sake cika muhimman hanyoyin samar da ruwa.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, raƙuma suna cikin ƙananan garken mutane biyar zuwa ashirin. Shugaban irin wannan garken shine babban namiji. Irin waɗannan dabbobin hamada suna nuna aiki galibi da rana, kuma da dare ya fara, raƙuma suna bacci ko nuna halin ko in kula da ɗan rashin kulawa. A lokutan guguwa, raƙuma na iya yin kwance na kwanaki, kuma a ranakun zafi suna matsawa kan igiyar iska, wanda ke ba da gudummawa wajen inganta yanayin zafi, ko ɓoyewa ta cikin daji da kwazazzabai. Mutanen da ke cikin daji suna da kunya kuma suna da damuwa da baƙin, gami da mutane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sanannen sananniya ce bisa yadda ake kiwon dawakai a lokacin sanyi, a sauƙaƙe ana yin bulala da dusar ƙanƙara tare da kofato, bayan haka sai a ƙaddamar da raƙuma zuwa wannan yankin, suna ɗebo ragowar abinci.
Lokacin da alamun haɗari suka bayyana, raƙuman suna gudu, cikin sauri suna saurin zuwa 50-60 km / h. Dabbobin manya suna iya yin gudu na kwana biyu ko uku, har sai sun gaji gaba ɗaya. Masana sun yi imanin cewa juriya ta ɗabi'a da girman jiki galibi ba za su iya ceton dabba ta hamada daga mutuwa ba, wanda hakan yana faruwa ne saboda ƙaramar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Yanayin rayuwar mutanen gida ya zama na mutane ne kwata-kwata, kuma dabbobin dawa suna saurin amfani da su wajen jagorancin halin rayuwar kakanninsu. Manya da cikakkun maza suna da ikon rayuwa su kadai. Farkon lokacin hunturu jarabawa ce mai wahalar gaske ga rakuma, wanda yake da wahalar gaske motsawa akan murfin dusar kankara. Babu wasu abubuwa, rashin kofato da gaske a cikin irin wadannan dabbobin ya sanya ba za a iya fitar da abinci daga karkashin dusar kankara ba.
Rakuma nawa suke rayuwa
A cikin yanayi mai kyau, raƙuma na iya rayuwa kusan shekaru arba'in, amma irin wannan tsayayyen rayuwa har yanzu ya fi dacewa da samfurin samfuran gida. Daga cikin ɓoye-ɓoye, galibi ana samun manyan mutane, waɗanda shekarunsu hamsin ne.
Nau'in rakumi
Nau'in raƙumi yana da nau'i biyu:
- daya humped;
- biyu-humped.
Rakuma masu rauni (dromedary, dromedary, arabian) - Camelus dromedarius, sun rayu har zuwa yau kawai cikin tsari na gida, kuma wasu mutane ne na biyu zasu iya wakiltar su. Dromedary a cikin fassarar daga Hellenanci yana nufin "gudu", kuma "Larabawa" irin waɗannan dabbobin sunaye ne ga mazaunan Larabawa waɗanda suka hore su.
Dromedaries, tare da Bactrians, suna da ƙafafu masu tsayi kuma ba a kira su, amma tare da siririn gini.... Idan aka kwatanta da raƙumi mai huɗu, raƙumi mai raƙumi ya fi ƙanƙan da yawa, saboda haka tsayin jikin baligi bai fi mita 2.3-3.4 ba, tare da tsayi a bushe a cikin kewayon 1.8-2.1 m. 300-700 kilogiram
Dromedars suna da kai tare da ƙasusuwa masu tsawo, goshi mai ma'amala, da kuma bayanan martaba. Leɓunan dabba, idan aka kwatanta da dawakai ko shanu, ba sa damfara ko kaɗan. Ana fadada kunci, kuma ƙananan leɓe mafi yawan lokuta abin aibi ne. An banbanta wuyan raƙuman rakumi ɗaya ta tsokoki masu kyau.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Smallaramin motsi yana girma tare da dukan gefen sama na ƙwanjin mahaifa, kuma a ɓangaren ƙananan akwai ɗan gajeren gemu da ya kai tsakiyar wuyan. A goshin goshi, gefen babu shi gaba ɗaya. A cikin ɓangaren kafaɗun kafaɗa akwai gefen da yayi kama da "epaulets" kuma an wakilta ta da dogon gashi mai gashi.
Hakanan, raƙuman rakumi guda ɗaya sun bambanta da takwarorinsu masu haɗuwa guda biyu ta yadda yana da matuƙar wahala a jure ma da ƙananan sanyi. Koyaya, rigar dromedaries tana da girma sosai, amma ba mai yawa bane kuma gajere ne. Ba a nufin fur din rakumi daya mai dumi wanda yake dumi amma yana taimakawa ne kawai don hana zubar ruwa mai yawa.
A cikin daren sanyi, zafin jikin raƙumi ɗaya-huɗu yana sauka sosai, kuma a ƙarƙashin hasken rana dabbar tana ɗumi a hankali. Mafi dadewa gashi ya lullube wuya, da baya da kuma rakumin rakumi daya. Dromedaries yawanci suna da yashi a launi, amma akwai wakilan jinsin tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ja-toka-toka ko fari fari.
Rakunan Bactrian, ko Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus) sune mafi girman wakilai na jinsi, kuma sune dabbobin gida mafi mahimmanci ga adadi mai yawa na mutanen Asiya. Rakuman Bactrian suna da sunan Bactria. Wannan yanki a cikin yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya ya shahara da gidan raƙumi mai kama da dabbobi. Har ila yau, a halin yanzu, akwai wasu wakilai kaɗan na raƙuman haɗe-haɗe guda biyu, waɗanda ake kira haptagai. Hundredari daga cikin waɗannan mutane a yau suna zaune a cikin China da Mongolia, inda suka fi son mafi kyawun shimfidar wurare.
Rakuman Bactrian manya-manya ne, masu girman gaske da dabbobi masu nauyi. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin baligi na wannan nau'in ya kai mita 2.5-3.5, tare da tsayin mita 1.8-2.2. Tsayin dabba, tare da humps, na iya kaiwa mita 2.6-2.7 sosai.Hankin ɓangaren jela mafi yawanci yakan bambanta tsakanin 50-58 cm. A matsayinka na doka, nauyin raƙumi mai kama da jimawa daga 440-450 zuwa 650-700 kg. Rakumi mai nitsattsen nau'in kalmyk mai matukar daraja da farin jini a lokacin bazara na iya aunawa daga kilogram 780-800 zuwa tan, kuma nauyin mace mafi yawanci yakan kasance daga 650-800 kg.
Rakuman Bactrian suna da jiki mai faɗi da kuma dogayen gaɓoɓi.... Ana lura da masu kwayar cuta ta wata doguwar doguwa kuma mai lanƙwasa, wacce da farko tana da juyi zuwa ƙasa sannan kuma ta sake tashi. Dangane da wannan fasalin tsarin wuyan, kan dabba ya kasance a dabi'ance daidai da yankin kafada. Humps a cikin dukkan wakilan wannan jinsin suna tazara daga juna da nisan 20-40 cm. Sararin dake tsakanin su ana kiran shi sirdi, kuma galibi ana amfani dashi azaman wurin saukar da mutane.
Matsakaicin matsakaici daga sirdin mai tsaka-tsakin zuwa saman duniya, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ya kai kimanin cm 170. Domin mutum ya sami damar hawa kan bayan raƙumi mai taɓowa biyu, dabbar ta durƙusa ko kwance a ƙasa. Ya kamata a lura cewa sararin samaniya wanda yake a cikin raƙumi tsakanin rami biyu ba'a cika shi da ajiyar mai ba har ma a cikin manya da ƙoshin lafiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Rakumai masu kama da launuka masu launin shuɗi mutane ne da ba su da yawa, yawansu bai wuce kashi 2.8 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar ba.
Manyan alamomin kiba da lafiyar rakumi mai kamuwa da ruwa suna wakiltar roba, har ma da tsawan tsauni. Dabbobin da suke da rauni suna da rami, wanda wani ɓangare ko kuma gabaɗaya ya faɗi gefe, don haka sukan yi ɗumbin yawa yayin tafiya. Ana rarrabe raƙuman Balakran Manya da babbar riga mai kauri da danshi tare da sutturar rigakafi mai kyau, wanda ya dace da wanzuwar dabbar a cikin mawuyacin yanayin yanayi na yanayi, wanda yake tattare da lokacin bazara mai sanyi da sanyi.
Abin lura shine gaskiyar cewa a lokacin hunturu wanda aka saba da shi don yanayin halittar dabbobi, ma'aunin zafi da yawa yakan sauka har ƙasa da digo 40, amma raƙumi mai raɗaɗi yana iya wahala ba tare da wahala ba kuma cikin sauƙi ya jure irin wannan tsananin sanyi saboda tsarin musamman na fur. Gashin gashi yana da ramuka na ciki, wanda ke rage tasirin tasirin zafin jiki na fur. Thinananan gashi waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin rigar suna da kyau don riƙe iska.
Matsakaicin tsayin gashi na Bactrians shine 50-70 mm, kuma a ƙasan kashin bayan mahaifa da saman ƙwanƙollen akwai gashi, wanda tsawon sa yakan wuce kwata na mita. Gashi mafi tsawo ta girma a cikin wakilan jinsuna a cikin kaka, don haka a lokacin hunturu irin waɗannan dabbobin suna kallon samartaka. A lokacin bazara, raƙuman raƙuman ruwa suna fara narkewa, kuma rigar ta faɗi ta yankakku. A wannan lokacin, dabbar tana da yanayi mara kyau, mara kyau da shashasha.
Launi mai launin ruwan kasa mai yashi mai nauyi iri daban-daban na kamannin raƙumi ne. Wasu mutane suna da duhu sosai ko kuma suna da haske kwata-kwata, wani lokacin ma suna da launi ja.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Rakumai na duka nau'ikan sun yadu ne kawai a cikin yankuna hamada, haka kuma a busassun steppes. Irin waɗannan manyan dabbobin kwata-kwata ba su dace da yanayin yanayi mai ɗumi ko rayuwa a yankunan tsaunuka ba. Nau'in raƙumi na gida yanzu ya zama gama gari a yankuna da yawa na Asiya da Afirka.
Ana samun dromedaries sau da yawa a arewacin Afirka, har zuwa digiri ɗaya a kudu latitude, da kuma a yankin Larabawa da tsakiyar Asiya. A cikin karni na sha tara, an gabatar da irin wadannan dabbobin zuwa Australia, inda suka sami damar saurin zuwa yanayin canjin yanayin da ba a saba da shi ba. A yau, yawan irin waɗannan dabbobin a Australiya mutane dubu hamsin ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Bactrians sun bazu sosai a yankuna da suka faɗi daga Asiya orarama zuwa Manchuria. A halin yanzu akwai kimanin raƙuma miliyan goma sha tara a duniya, kuma kusan mutane miliyan goma sha huɗu suna zaune a Afirka.
Somalia a yau tana da kimanin rakuma miliyan bakwai, kuma a Sudan - sama da rakuma miliyan uku... Anyi amannar cewa dorinar daji sun mutu a farkon zamaninmu. Gidajen kakanninsu mai yuwuwa ya sami wakilcin yankin kudu na Larabawa, amma a yanzu ba a gama tabbatar da ko magabatan nasa sun kasance suna da wani nau'in daji ko kuma sun kasance kakanninsu tare da Bactrian. N. M.
Przhevalsky, a cikin balaguronsa na Asiya, shi ne farkon wanda ya gano wanzuwar raƙuman rakuman daji, Haptagai. Kasancewar a waccan lokacin an zaci, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba, saboda haka aka yi sabani.
Yawan Bactrians a yau ya wanzu ne kawai a yankin Xinjiang Uygur mai ikon cin gashin kansa da kuma a Mongolia. An lura da kasancewar mutane uku kawai a can, kuma yawan dabbobin da ke cikinsu a halin yanzu kusan mutane dubu ɗaya ne. Batutuwan da suka shafi shigar da raƙuman raƙuman ruwa a cikin yanayin yankin shakatawa na Yakut Pleistocene yanzu ana nazarin su sosai.
Abincin raƙumi
Rakumai wakilai ne na musamman na dabbobi. Dukkanin jinsunan suna amfani da solyanka da itaciya azaman abinci, harma da ƙaya ta raƙumi da saxaul. Rakumai suna iya shan ko da ruwan gishiri, kuma duk ruwan da ke jikin irin wadannan dabbobin ana ajiye su a cikin tantanin rumen ciki. Duk wakilan yankin masu kira suna jure rashin ruwa a jiki sosai kuma cikin sauki. Babban ruwan rakumi shine kitse. Tsarin shayarwa na gram ɗari na mai ya ba ka damar samun kusan 107 g na ruwa da carbon dioxide.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Rakuman daji suna da hankali da dabbobi marasa aminci, saboda haka sun fi so su mutu saboda rashin ruwa ko abinci, amma ba sa kusantar mutane.
Hatta a yanayi na rashin ruwa na tsawon lokaci, jinin rakuma ba ya kauri sam. Irin waɗannan dabbobin, na ƙasa-ƙasa callus, na iya rayuwa na kimanin makonni biyu ba tare da ruwa kwata-kwata kuma na tsawon wata ɗaya ba tare da abinci ba. Kodayake duk da irin wannan jimirin na ban mamaki, a zamanin yau, raƙuman daji sun fi sau da yawa fiye da sauran dabbobin da ke fama da raguwar gani a yawan wuraren shayarwa. Wannan yanayin ana bayyana shi ta hanyar ci gaban aiki na yankunan hamada da mutane tare da kasancewar sabbin wuraren ajiyar ruwa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Yawan haihuwa a cikin rakuma yana farawa ne kimanin shekaru uku. Ciki a cikin raƙum masu raƙumi ɗaya-na-kai na tsawon watanni goma sha uku, kuma a cikin mata raƙuma masu ƙasƙantar da kai biyu - wata ɗaya. Haihuwar raƙuma masu haɗe-haɗe guda biyu-biyu yana faruwa ne bisa ƙirar makircin mafi yawan dabbobi masu kofato.
Lokacin rutting yana da haɗari ba kawai ga raƙumi kanta ba, har ma ga mutane. Maza maza da suka manyanta a wannan lokacin sun zama masu tsananin tashin hankali, kuma yayin yaƙi da mace, gaba ɗaya ba tare da wata damuwa ba suna iya kai hari ga kishiya da mutum. Fada tsakanin maza sau da yawa yakan kawo mummunan rauni har ma da mutuwar ɓangaren da aka rasa. A lokacin irin wannan faɗa, manyan dabbobi suna amfani da ba ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, amma har da haƙora.
Ana cin abincin raƙumi a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da damina ta fara a yankuna masu hamada, suna ba dabbobi isasshen ruwa da abinci. Koyaya, dromedary rut yana farawa da ɗan lokaci fiye da Bactrian. Mace, a ƙa'ida, tana haihuwar ɗa mai ci gaba, amma wani lokacin ana samun raƙuma biyu. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kadan, jaririn raƙumi yana tsaye a ƙafafunsa, kuma yana iya gudu bayan mahaifiyarsa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yakin raƙuman da suka balaga ta hanyar jima'i ya ƙunshi sha'awar namiji ya ɗora abokin hamayyarsa daga ƙafafunsa don ya taka abokin gaba a nan gaba.
Rakumai sun banbanta da girma da nauyi.... Misali, jaririn da aka haifa raƙumi mai ruɓi-biyu zai iya ɗaukar nauyin kilogiram 35-46 kawai, mai tsayin cm 90. Kuma ƙananan dromedaries, tare da kusan tsayi ɗaya, suna da nauyin kilogiram 90-100. Ba tare da la'akari da jinsin ba, mata na ciyar da zuriyarsu har tsawon watanni shida ko shekara daya da rabi. Dabbobi suna kulawa da yaransu har sai sun girma sosai.
Makiya na halitta
A halin yanzu, jeren damisa da raƙumi ba sa haɗuwa, amma a da, damisa da yawa sukan kai hari ba kawai daji ba, har ma da dabbobin gida. Tigers sun raba yanki ɗaya tare da raƙuman daji kusa da Lake Lob-Nor, amma sun ɓace daga waɗannan yankuna bayan ban ruwa. Girman babba bai tseratar da Bactrian ba, sabili da haka, akwai sanannun lokuta lokacin da damisa ta cinye raƙuman raƙuman da ke makale a cikin marsh. Yawan kai hare-hare da damisa ke yi wa rakuma na gida ya kasance babban dalilin da ya sa dan Adam ya bi sahun dangin farautar a yawancin wuraren kiwon rakuma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Cututtukan da suka fi yaduwa a cikin raƙuma sun haɗa da trypanosomiasis da mura, cutar raƙumi da echinococcosis, da ƙaiƙayi.
Wani maƙiyin raƙumi mai haɗari shine kerkolfci, wanda a kowace shekara yana rage yawan adadin artiodactyls na daji. Ga raƙuman gida, kerkeci ma yana da babbar barazana, kuma babban wakilin ƙaramar hukumar kira yana fama da irin wannan mai cutar saboda tsoron yanayi. Lokacin da kerkeci suka kawo hari, rakuma ba sa ma kokarin kare kansu, sai kawai su yi ihu da karfi kuma suna tofa albarkacin bakinsu a cikin ciki. Hatta hankaka yana da karfin tsinkewar rauni a jikin dabba - rakuma a wannan yanayin suna nuna cikakkiyar kariya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Ba kamar raƙumai masu haɗe-haɗe ɗaya ba, waɗanda suka ɓace daga daji a zamanin da kuma yanzu ana samunsu a cikin yanayin yanayi kawai kamar dabbobi na biyun, rakuman masu huɗu biyu sun rayu a cikin daji.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An jera raƙuman daji a cikin littafin Red Book na Duniya, inda aka ba irin waɗannan dabbobin CR - nau'in da ke cikin haɗari mai haɗari.
Koyaya, rakuman raƙuman daji sun zama da wuya sosai a farkon karnin da ya gabata, sabili da haka, a yau suna gab da hallaka. A cewar wasu rahotanni, a yanzu raƙuman daji sun kasance a matsayi na takwas a cikin dukkanin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari dangane da matakin barazanar.
Rakumai da mutum
Rakuma mutane sunadau gidansu kuma suna amfani dasu sosai cikin ayyukan tattalin arziki:
- «Nar"- babban dabba mai nauyin tan. An samo wannan matasan ne ta hanyar tsallaka Arvan mai taurin kai daya tare da rakumar Kazakh mai siffa biyu. Wani fasali na irin waɗannan mutane yana wakiltar kasancewar babban ɗaya, kamar yana ƙunshe da ɓangarori biyu, hump. Nars mutane suna kiwata shi da farko saboda kyawawan halayen shayarwa. Matsakaicin amfanin madara ga kowane mutum kusan lita dubu biyu a shekara;
- «Kama"- sanannen samfurin da aka samu ta ƙetare raƙumi mai dromedary tare da llama. Irin wannan dabba ana rarrabe ta gajeriyar tazara tsakanin kewayon 125-140 cm da ƙananan nauyi, da wuya ya wuce kilogiram 65-70. Babu wani tsayayyen tudu a cikin kam, amma irin wannan dabbar tana da kyawun ɗaukar abubuwa, saboda abin da ake amfani da shi azaman ɗaukar kaya a cikin wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba;
- «Inery", ko"Iners"- ƙattai masu girman kai guda ɗaya tare da kyakkyawar gashi. An samo wannan samfurin ne ta ƙetare raƙumi na 'yan Turkmen tare da Namiji Arvan;
- «Jarbai"- a zahiri ba za a iya cuwa-cuwarsa ba kuma mafi kusancin samfurin, wanda aka haifa sakamakon saduwa da wasu raƙuman raƙuman biyu;
- «Kurt"- mai ɗauke da mutun-mutumi wanda bai shahara sosai ba ta hanyar saduwa da iner mace tare da raƙumi na ɗan Turkmen. Dabbar tana da kyakkyawan amfanin madara, amma madarar da aka samu tana da kaso mai yawa na mai;
- «Kaspak"Wani shahararren tsari ne wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar saduwa da Namiji mace da Nara. Irin waɗannan dabbobi ana kiwata su ne musamman don yawan amfanin madara da nama mai ban sha'awa;
- «Kez-nar"- ɗayan shahararrun siffofin da aka samo ta tsallaka Caspak tare da raƙumi na nau'in Turkmen. Oneaya daga cikin manyan dabbobi dangane da girma da yawan amfanin ƙasa na madara.
Mutum yana amfani da madarar raƙumi da mai, da naman matasa. Koyaya, wanda aka fi yarda dashi a yau shine ulu mai kyawu mai kyau, ana amfani da ita wajen kera tufafi masu ɗumi, barguna, takalma da sauran abubuwan da mutane ke buƙata.
