Kites (Milvinae) tsuntsaye ne na tsari mai tsari irin na Hawk da dangin Hawk. A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ana kiran wakilan wannan ƙungiyar korshaks da shuliks, da kuma korkuns.
Bayanin kite
Kites tsuntsaye ne na ganima, kyawawa kuma basa gajiyawa a tashi, suna iya tashi sama da fadin sararin samaniya ba tare da sun kada fikafikansu kwata kwata ba... Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna hawa zuwa matsayi mai tsayi, wanda ke da matukar wahala rarrabe su a sama da ido mara kyau. A dabi'arta, mai farauta fuka-fukin malalaci ne kuma mai jinkiri.
Bayyanar
Babban tsuntsu na ganima ya kai tsawon rabin mita, tare da matsakaicin nauyin baligi a cikin kilogram ɗaya. Fukafukan suna da tsayi kuma kunkuntar, tare da tazara mai tsayin mita daya da rabi. Kite yana da alamar ƙugiya da ɗan gajeren ƙafa. Lilin kite na iya samun launuka iri-iri, amma launin ruwan kasa da duhu sun fi yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Muryar kite tana kama da muryoyi masu daɗin gaske, amma wani lokacin tsuntsun mai farauta yana fitar da sautuka masu motsa jiki da kuma keɓaɓɓun sautuka, wanda yake da kamanceceniya da maƙwabcin wata matattarar matashi.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Kites tsuntsayen ƙaura ne, amma wasu rukuni suna da halin rayuwa ta musamman. Jirgin saman ana yin sa ne ta hanyar garken tumaki gaba daya, wanda ya kunshi mutane da dama, wanda ake ganin wani lamari ne mai matukar wahala tsakanin masu farauta. Don lokacin hunturu, ana amfani da yankunan ƙasashe masu dumi na Afirka da Asiya, wanda ke da yanayin yanayi mai zafi.
Kites tsuntsaye ne masu wuyar shashanci da kasala, kuma a ɗabi'unsu ba a rarrabe su da girman ɗaukaka ko ƙarfin hali. Tsuntsayen suna amfani da yankuna don farauta da gina gida, amma irin waɗannan fuka-fukan masu cin gashin kansu sun saba da yin gwagwarmaya mai wuya don rayuwarsu. Yawancin maza da yawa ana tilasta musu neman abinci don kansu da zuriyarsu a cikin nesa, yankuna ƙasashen waje, sannan kuma suna kare wuraren da suke zaune sosai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gwargwadon tsuntsu mafi girma da girma, ya fi kyau yin kwalliya da kyau, kuma raunanan fuka-fukai masu lalata ba sa yin ado da gidajensu kwata-kwata.
Sau da yawa, kayan manya sun yi wa gidansu ado da kyallaye masu haske da kuma kamawa ko jakar filastik, da kuma datti mai sheki da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ba tsuntsu ba kawai alamar yankinsa ba, amma kuma don tsoratar da maƙwabta da kyau, yana hana harin su.
Kites nawa suke rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar tsuntsayen ganima, koda kuwa a yanayi mai kyau, yawanci baya wuce kwata na karni.
Kite nau'in
Babban dangin dangi na Kite yana da wakiltar jinsuna bakwai da kusan nau'ikan goma sha huɗu:
- Brahmin Kite (Liаstur indus) Tsuntsaye ne mai girman matsakaici. Manya suna da babban launin ruwan hoda mai launin kasa-kasa da farin kai da kirji;
- Whistler Kite (Нliаstur sрhеnurus) Matsakaici ne mai cin abincin diurnal. Tsuntsu babba yana da kodadde, kai mai duhu rawaya, kirji da wutsiya, da kuma fukafukai masu ruwan kasa da fuka-fukan fari na fari;
- Black kite (Milvus masu ƙaura) Shine mai farauta mai farautar dangin shaho. Launin tsuntsayen manya suna da alamar launin ruwan duhu mai duhu, da farin fari mai kamshi da baƙaƙen ɗanɗano, da fikafikan firamare na farko mai duhu, da kuma gefen iska mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja. Wannan nau'in ya hada da kananan kaya: katun na Turai (Milvus migrans migrans), Kite mai kunnen baƙi (Milvus ƙaura zuwa layi), Kite maras kyau na Indiya (Milvus migrans govinda) da Taiwan kite (Milvus migrans formosanus);
- Red kite (Milvus milvus) Tsuntsaye ne mai girman matsakaici. Yankin kai da wuya yana da launin toka-toka. Likin jikin, a ɓangaren jela na sama da kuma kan dukkan murfin yana da launi mai launi-ja-ja-jaja, tare da alamun duhu masu tsawo a kirji;
- Kayan tarko ko na tutsar siliki (Rostrhamus sosiabilis) Shin nama ne mai gashin tsuntsu rabuwa zuwa wani jinsin halittu daban kuma yana da alamun furucin dimorphism. Maza suna da farin-kwal-baƙar fata, wutsiya mai launin shuɗi tare da madaidaiciyar baƙar fata. Kafa da idanu jajaye ne. Mata suna da launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa. Halin halayyar jinsin ya ta'allaka ne da sifa na musamman mai bakin ciki, wanda yake da tsayi kuma mai lankwashe baki.
Hakanan, ga Kites subfamily akwai nau'ikan da aka wakilta Chernogrudym kanyukovym kite (Namirostra melanosternon), kite mai fuska biyu (Narragus bidentatus) Ryzhebokim mai kamala da kewaya (Narragus diodon), Mississippi kite (Istinia mississirriensis), bluish kite (Bluish kite) Lorhoictinia isura).
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana samun Kites na Brahmin a cikin ƙasashen Indiya, da kuma kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya. The Whistler Kite tsuntsaye ne na dazuzzuka wanda ya fi so ya zauna kusa da ruwa. Kites masu cin naman rago galibi suna rayuwa cikin fadama, inda suke zama rukuni-nau'i nau'i shida zuwa goma. Wasu lokuta yawan mutane a cikin mulkin mallaka yakan kai daruruwan nau'i-nau'i.
Bakin baƙar ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Afirka, ban da Sahara, haka ma a Madagascar, a yankuna masu yanayi da kudancin Asiya. Ana iya samun tsuntsayen wannan nau'in har ma a wasu tsibirai, a Rasha da Ukraine. A cikin Palaearctic, kites baƙar fata tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura, kuma a cikin wasu yankuna na yankin gida suna cikin rukunin tsuntsayen da ke zaune.
Kites na Turai suna yin kiwo a tsakiyar, gabashin da kudancin Turai, da kuma hunturu musamman a Afirka... Ana samun katun masu kunnuwan kunnuwa galibi a cikin Siberia, kuma mazaunin Indianan ƙaramin Indian Kite yana wakiltar gabashin Pakistan, Indiya mai zafi da Sri Lanka zuwa Yankin Malay.
Abincin Kite
Tsuntsayen ganima, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a wuraren dausayi da kuma kusa da bakin teku, galibi masu sintiri ne, amma sun fi son kifi da kadoji. Lokaci-lokaci, irin wadannan wakilan na dangi za su iya kama jemage da kurege, sannan kuma su ci ganima daga wasu tsuntsayen masu farauta. Wani lokacin sukan ci zuma kuma su lalata amya na ƙudan zuma.
Whitesler kites suna cin kusan duk abin da zasu iya kamawa, gami da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi da tsuntsaye, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kowane irin kwari da ɓawon burodi, amma ba sa ƙyamar gawa. Abincin kawai abincin da ya fi girma a jikin mutum shi ne mollusks, wanda girmansa ya kai 30-40 mm.
Yana da ban sha'awa! V ungiyar ungulu mai saurin tarko ta kama ganima da sassafe ko kuma da yamma. Tsuntsun ya kwaso katantanwa daga harsashi ta amfani da dogon baki da lanƙwasa.
Duk da girman girmansa, jan kitsen ba mai karfi bane, kuma bashi da karfi kuma yana da tauri idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran masu farauta da yawa, gami da ungulu. Ana cikin farauta, tsuntsun yana tashi a tsawan dutse kuma yana neman karamin wasa. Mai lura da abin da yake farauta, mai farautar ya faɗi ƙasa kamar dutse, bayan haka sai ya kamo abin farautar da kaifi. Abun farauta shine mafi yawan lokuta ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da ƙwarin ƙasa. Carrion wani lokacin ana amfani dashi azaman abinci, musamman ragowar raguna.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Kites na Brahmin suna kan gida akan bishiyoyi daban-daban, amma lokaci-lokaci suna iya gina gidansu ƙarƙashin shuke-shuke, kai tsaye a ƙasa. Kowane kama yana wakiltar ƙwai biyu masu fari-fari ko masu fari-fari, waɗanda kajin suke ƙyanƙyashe bayan kimanin makonni huɗu. Iyaye suna ciyar da zuriya tare.
Gidajen Whistler kites suna kama da manyan dandamali waɗanda aka yi da rassa kuma an yi layi ɗaya da koren ganye. Irin wannan gida an kammala shi, bayan haka kuma wasu tsuntsaye ke amfani da shi daga shekara zuwa shekara, kuma mace kan sanya kwai biyu masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi mai launin ja-kasa-kasa. Shiryawa ya wuce sama da wata guda. Thea firstan farko na kitsen jan mace daya ya bayyana ne kawai yana da shekara biyu zuwa hudu. Gidajen da aka gina a cokali mai yatsa a bishiyoyi kamar itacen oak, Linden ko pine, masu tsayi a ƙasa. A shekarar, zuriya daya ne kawai ke bayyana, wanda ya hada da na mata kawai.
Thean tsutsotsi masu cin naman a kan raƙuman ruwa na bishiyoyi, dazuzzuka da bishiyoyi, da kuma kan tsibirai tsakanin fadama. Gida na wannan nau'in yana da matukar rauni, saboda haka iska ko ruwan sama sukan lalata shi sau da yawa. Clutaya daga cikin ɗayan yana ɗauke da ƙwai uku ko huɗu na launuka masu launin kore mai launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Yin gwaji na iyaye biyu yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni huɗu. Kaza kuma mace da namiji suna ciyar da su tare.
Makiya na halitta
Duk da cewa kifin Brahmin na iya kai hari a cikin garken har ma da manyan masu farauta, gami da mikiya, irin wadannan tsuntsayen sukan sha wuya matuka da lalatattun kwayoyin halittar Kurodaya, Colroserhalum da Degeriela. Hakanan, babban abin da ke iyakance yawan jama'a shine lalata muhalli da karancin kayan abinci.
A cikin yanayin mahalli, kites suna da adadi da yawa na abokan gaba, waɗanda babban abin da ke wakiltar su manyan mahara ne. A bayyane yake, babban lalacewar yawancin kites, wanda gida a cikin yankunan anthropogenic na wuri mai faɗi, ana haifar da ƙuraye masu ƙyama, suna lalata gidajen da ƙwai a matakan farko na shiryawa. Har ila yau, ana yin nazari sosai kan al'amuran da suka shafi marten ko weasel.
Koyaya, babban abin da ke shafar mummunan adadin irin waɗannan tsuntsaye masu farauta kamar kites shine ainihin mutane. Numberananan tsuntsayen da ke wannan gidan sun mutu akan layukan wuta tare da babban ƙarfi. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, wasu manyan tsuntsayen suna shan wahala matuka daga guba tare da sinadarai masu dauke da sinadarin chlorine masu yawa da kuma kwayoyin organophosphorus.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Lissafin IUCN ya sanya Katin Brahmin a matsayin jinsin abubuwan da basu damu ba. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna na Java, jimlar wannan nau'in tana ci gaba da raguwa a hankali.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yawan mutanen Whistler Kite shine mafi ƙarancin damuwa, kuma jimlar Red Kite ta ragu sosai.
Babban dalilin da ya sa kaɗan ya ragu a cikin tsuntsayen shi ne bin humansan adam irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, taɓarɓarewar inganci da amfani da ƙasashen da suka dace da gida gida. Koyaya, a cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata, alƙarya a arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar Turai sun nuna wasu alamun murmurewa.
