Waxwing (Bombycilla) tsuntsaye ne wanda ke cikin monan gidan monotypic na waxworms (Bombycillidae), wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan halittu guda uku. Wani lokaci da ya wuce, kakin gogewa na gidan silw ne na dangi, amma yanzu sun zama wakilai na wani dangi daban, Ptilogonatidae.
Bayani waxwings
Waxwing - tsuntsaye kanana a cikin girma, amma suna da haske mai haske da kuma sananne... A yau, nau'ikan tara an san su kuma an bayyana su, suna yin wasu iyalai: kyanƙƙan silky da gyambo. A baya can, dukkan wadannan jinsin guda tara sun kasance yan gida daya. Dukkanin tsuntsaye daga tsarin Passerine da dangin Wormwood an rarrabe su da kyawawan halaye masu kayatarwa, amma bautar bayyananniyar jima'i a cikin irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ba bayyananniya ba.
Wakar waxwings yayi kama da kumfa mai saurin fashewa "sviriri-ri-ri-ri" ko "sviriri-sviriri", wanda yayi kama da sautin sarewa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa irin wannan bakon suna na jinsin. Jirgin wakilai na dangin montepic na waxwings a tsaye yake kuma yana saurin isa.
Bayyanar
Tsawon jiki na baligi bai wuce 18-23 cm ba, tare da matsakaicin nauyi na gram 55-68. Waxwings suna da kyan gani da kyau a kai. Launi launin ruwan hoda ne mai ruwan hoda, tare da fikafikai baƙi, tare da ratsi mai launin rawaya da fari. Wutsiya, yankin makogwaro da ratsi mai ratsa idanu suna baƙar fata launi. Abubuwan da ke kan fuka-fukan jirgin sama na biyu suna da alamun ƙaramin faranti masu haske ja waɗanda suke iya rarrabewa a bayyane kawai idan aka bincika su. Akwai alamar rawaya mai haske sosai a gefen gefen wutsiyar, kuma a kan fika ɗin akwai ɗan ƙaramin yadi na fari.
Daban-daban suna da wasu bambance-bambance na waje. Amur, ko gyamfar Jafananci (Bombysilla jaronise) ƙaramar waka ce da ke da jiki kimanin tsawon cm 15-16. Tana da jan saman gashin fuka-fukai da jan fuka-fuki. Ba'amurke, ko itacen al'ul (Bombysilla cedrоrum) suna da launi mai ƙarancin haske da sananne, kuma ana warkar da ruwan goge na yau da kullun (ruwan Bombysilla gаrrulus) ta silky mai laushi, galibi launin ruwan kasa masu alamar baƙi da rawaya.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Yaran da suka balaga kafin zubin farko a kaka suna da launin toka-ruwan-toka, tare da ciki mai launin-fari-fari, kuma ƙyallen kajin yana da halin kasancewar ƙwarjin kirji da launin rawaya mai ci gaba akan wutsiya da fuka-fuki.
Bakin tsuntsun ɗan gajere ne kuma yana da faɗi kaɗan, yana kama da bakin mai farauta, tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya da kuma ɗan tsaka mai lankwasa ta mangwannin. Theafafun tsuntsun suna da ƙarfi, tare da lanƙwasa masu lankwasa, waɗanda aka dace da su sosai don kama rassa, amma ba don saurin motsi ba. Wutsiya gajera ce. Akwai gashin tsuntsaye masu tsayi iri ɗaya. Fuka-fukan tsuntsayen sun fi tsayi, tare da babban kifin wanda aka kafa shi da gashin tsuntsu na uku da kuma gashin farko.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Waxwing a mafi yawan lokuta tsuntsu ne mai nutsuwa, amma a lokacin da ake kiwo mai aiki, wakilan jinsin sun gwammace su zauna a cikin manyan garken tumaki, waɗanda ke ƙaura sosai don neman abinci mai yawa. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da cikakken narkewa ɗaya a shekara, wanda a cikin manya ke faruwa a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba. Yaran tsuntsaye ana rarrabe su da narkar da jiki saboda haka, suna fara canza kayan kajinsu don farkon damun hunturu kusan shekaru goma na bazara.
Misalan watan Satumba na wakilai na dangi mai laƙabi da waxwings tuni a wannan lokacin sun samo sifa mai duhu a cikin makogwaro. Da farkon lokacin kaka na farko, wani karamin abu mai yalwa ya fita daga tsuntsu, sai jelar da gashin gashin farko basu canza ba har zuwa faduwar shekara mai zuwa.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da kakin zuma yake rayuwa
Gwanin daɗa shine ɗayan dangi mafi kusa da gwarare, kuma matsakaiciyar rayuwar irin wannan tsuntsu a mazaunin ta kusan shekaru goma sha biyu ne. Sau da yawa ana riƙe Waxworms a cikin fursuna, amma irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zama da wuya sosai.... Tare da bin ƙa'idodi na kulawa da kulawa, rayuwar irin wannan dabbar mawaƙa na iya ɗaukar kimanin shekaru goma sha biyar.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Amur, ko gyamfar Jafananci, mazaunin arewa maso gabashin yankin Asiya ne. A cikin ƙasarmu, irin waɗannan tsuntsaye sun zama gama gari a yankin yankin Amur da kuma arewacin yankin Primorye. Don hunturu, gyamfar Japan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Japan da Koriya, har zuwa yankin arewa maso gabashin China. Ba'amurke, ko itacen al'ul, yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka na Kanada da Arewacin Amurka.
Mazaunin hunturu na irin wadannan tsuntsayen yana da fadi sosai kuma ya fadada zuwa yankin Kudancin Amurka ta tsakiya, kuma waxwings ya tashi zuwa yankunan kudu na Ukraine, yankin Crimea, North Caucasus da Transcaucasus. Sau da yawa akan same shi a cikin tafkin Kogin Volga da bakin Urals, a yankin Turkmenistan da Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, da Kazakhstan da Kyrgyzstan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Biotope yafi wakilta ta hanyar coniferous da birch na gandun daji-tundra ko taiga, wanda ya kunshi Pine da spruce, Birch, amma a gabashin yankin Siberia waxwings an lura da shi yayin lokacin nesting tsakanin larch larch.
Gwanin da aka saba da shi ya zama gama gari a cikin yankin gandun daji na taiga na Arewacin Hemisphere. Tsuntsayen wannan dangin suna rayuwa ne a kan wuraren da ba a san su ba sosai da kuma yankunan dazuzzuka, a tsaunuka masu ciyayi, haka kuma a share. Hijirar tsuntsaye zuwa kudu ana aiwatar da ita a ko'ina ba farkon lokacin farkon yanayin sanyin yanayi ko dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Kusan ko'ina waxwings suna barin ƙasarsu ta asali kafin tsakiyar watan farkon kaka. Musamman manyan garken tsuntsaye ana samunsu daga kaka zuwa farkon rabin hunturu. Motsawar bazara zuwa arewa, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ana cika shi cikin ƙananan garken tumaki.
Gwangwadon abinci
Amur, ko wawings na Jafananci, yafi ciyar da abinci na shuke-shuke kamar 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace. A lokacin bazara, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu matsakaicin matsakaici suna amfani da ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire don abinci, kuma tare da farkon lokacin bazara, abinci na asali na tsuntsaye yana cike da nau'ikan kwari masu cutarwa. Tsuntsayen da galibi ake kiyaye su a cikin manyan garken tumaki, galibi suna kama kwari a tashi, suna kuma ciyar da tsutsa da ƙananan harbe-harbe.
Daga albarkatun berry na rani, tsuntsaye sun fi son viburnum, lingonberry da mistletoe. Hakanan tsuntsayen suna cin abincin hawthorn, 'ya'yan itacen Siberia apple, bishiyar juniper, rosehip da buckthorn. A lokacin sanyi na hunturu, galibi ana samun garken tsuntsaye a ƙauyuka a tsakiyar yankin ƙasarmu, inda suke yawanci ciyar da 'ya'yan rowan.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Gwanin da ake amfani da shi, wanda ya fi yawa a cikin manyan wurare da kuma a cikin biotopes daban-daban, gida gida a cikin dazuzzuka na budewa, a kan manyan bishiyoyi... Tsuntsayen sun kai ga balagar jima’i suna da shekara ɗaya. Lokacin nest mai zurfin ciki yana daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. A saman sassan bishiyoyin, tsuntsayen da suka manyanta suna yin gida mai kamannin kwano. Don samun abin dogara gida, tsuntsaye suna amfani da ciyawa, gashi, gansakuka da rassan conifers. An saka tire a cikin gida mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi tare da ƙwanƙwan birch, wani lokacin ma akwai allurar itacen al'ul a cikin tire. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da yankin gefen dajin don gida, kusa da jikin ruwa da sauran nau'ikan nesting.
Kowace shekara kakin zuma na neman sabon aboki. Urtsarfafawa na ɗa ga mace kuma ya ƙunshi ciyar da ɗan uwansa. Mace tana yin ƙwai daga huɗu zuwa shida na launuka masu launin shuɗi mai launin toka mai launin toka-toka masu ruwan toho. Kwancen ƙwai yana kasancewa ne na mata na tsawon makonni biyu. A wannan lokacin, namiji yana kula da abinci, wanda kwari da fruitsa fruitsan albarkatun berry zasu iya wakilta. Zuriya da aka haifa sun zama masu cikakken 'yanci bayan kamar makonni biyu ko uku.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Agusta lokaci ne na yaduwar kiwon dukkan kajin da aka haifa a cikin shekara ta yanzu akan reshe da kuma samuwar garken hunturu mai zuwa.
Amur, ko kuma wawings na kasar Japan a cikin larch da kuma sassan itacen al'ul, kuma lokacin saduwa yana faruwa ne a ƙarshen hunturu. Don yin ƙwai, mace daga wannan nau'in tana gina ƙaramin gida, wanda, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, yana kan ƙananan rassa na waje na manyan bishiyoyi. Mace takan cika gida da filayen tsire-tsire. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan kama ta ƙunshi ƙwai biyu zuwa bakwai na launin launin toka-shuɗi. Tsarin tallatawa yana kan matsakaici sati daya, kuma duk lokacinda ake danshi zai iya daukar kwana 16-24. Duk tsuntsayen biyu suna ciyar da kajin da aka kyankyashe.
Makiya na halitta
Tsuntsaye masu amfani da igiya a yau sune tushen abincin da aka fi so da yawa daga dabbobin daji da tsuntsaye masu ganima, saboda haka, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin kayan abinci na halitta. Manyan abokan gaba na goge goge suna wakiltar martens, weasels da hawks, magpies da hankaka, da kuma mujiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani muhimmin bangare na jinsin bashi da kalar kariya, saboda haka manyan tsuntsaye masu haske sukan zama ganima ga masu farauta, kuma wakilan mustelids da squirrel suna cin ƙwayayen.
Birdsananan tsuntsaye, waɗanda ke cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan uku na monan uwan monopic na waxwings, suna lalata ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa iri-iri, kuma suna iya hana ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin jama'a. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, kakin zuma suna daga cikin masu rarraba iri na kayan gona da yawa kuma suna taimakawa ga yaduwar wasu shuke-shuke.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Wasu sanannun nau'in kakin zuma ba su da cikakken nazari a wannan lokacin, amma a cewar IUCN, yawan irin wadannan tsuntsayen sun yi yawa kwarai, saboda haka yanayin ta ba zai iya haifar da damuwa tsakanin masana kimiyya ba. Koyaya, a yau an haɗa gwal din Amur a cikin shafukan Jar Littafin.
Rage yawan wakilan wannan jinsin ya sami sauki ne ta hanyar kame mutane wadanda suka tashi zuwa hunturu a kasar Sin, inda ake amfani da irin wadannan tsuntsayen don shirya abinci iri-iri ko kuma a ajiye su a matsayin dabbobi masu kwalliya masu ado.
