Damarar Sumatran (Latin Panthae tigris sumаtrae) yanki ne na damisa kuma nau'ikan halittu ne wadanda ke rayuwa musamman a tsibirin Sumatra. Nau'in dake tattare da hadari na mallakar dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, wadanda ake badawa masu cin naman dabbobi, dangin Felidae da kuma na Panther.
Bayanin Tiger na Sumatran
Sumatran damisa sune mafi kankanta a cikin rayayyun damuna da aka sani, don haka girman babba ya fi na sauran Indiyawa (Bengal) da Amur damisa.
Sumatran tigers suna da halaye na musamman wadanda suka banbanta wannan dabban mai shayarwa daga yanayin ƙasashen Indiya, da yankin Amur da wasu yankuna. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, Panthea tigris sumatrae su ne masu kamun kai da karfi, wanda yawanci ana bayyana shi ne ta hanyar raguwar yanayin yanayi da kuma karuwar yanayin rikici da ke faruwa tsakanin mutane da mai farautar.
Bayyanar, girma
Babban bambanci tsakanin mafi ƙarancin damisa da aka sani a yau shine halaye na musamman, halaye na ɗabi'a, da kuma bayyanar su ta musamman. Abubuwan da ba na kowa bane Sumatran tiger yana da alaƙa da launuka daban-daban kaɗan da nau'ikan tsari na ratsi-duhun duhu a jiki, kazalika da wasu fasali na al'ada, tsarin jujjuyawar kwarangwal.
An rarrabe mai cin naman dabbobi ta hanyan karfi da ci gaba, gabobi masu ƙarfi... Halin ƙafafun baya yana da tsayi da tsayi mai tsayi, wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka ƙarfin tsalle. Kafafun gaba suna da yatsu biyar, na baya kuma suna da yatsu huɗu. Akwai membran na musamman a cikin yankunan tsakanin yatsunsu. Tabbas duk yatsu ana rarrabe su da kasancewar kaifi, mai iya janye farcen yatsu, tsayin sa zai iya bambanta tsakanin 8-10 cm.
Maza suna da alamun kasancewar dogayen gefuna masu tsawo waɗanda suke a cikin wuya, maƙogwaro da kunci, waɗanda suke a matsayin cikakkiyar amintaccen kariya daga bakin dabbar da ke farauta daga sakamakon ɓarnar da rassa, waɗanda damisar Sumatran ke fuskanta sau da yawa lokacin da suke tafiya a cikin dajin daji. Wutsiyar tana da tsayi, wanda mai farauta ke amfani dashi azaman daidaituwa yayin canje-canje kwatsam na tafiyar da kai da aiwatar da sadarwa tare da sauran manya.
Wani balagagge mai lalata yana da hakora talatin, wanda girman su, a ƙa'ida, kusan 7.5-9.0 cm ne. Idanun wakilin waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan suna da girma ƙwarai, tare da ɗalibin da ke zagaye. Iris rawaya ne, amma samfurin zabiya suna da launin iris. Mai farautar yana da hangen launi. Harshen dabban yana rufe da tarin fuka masu kaifi da yawa, wanda ke taimakawa dabba cikin sauki ya cire fatar daga naman, tare da cire zaren nama daga kasusuwan wanda aka kama.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matsakaicin tsaran balagaggen mai farauta a yankin bushewa sau da yawa yakan kai 60 cm, kuma tsayin jikinsa gaba ɗaya zai iya zama 1.8-2.7 m, tare da jelar tsawon 90-120 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai 70 zuwa 130.
Babban launin jikin dabbar lemu ne mai duhu ko ja mai launin ratsi. Babban bambanci daga Amur damisa da sauran ƙananan raƙuman ruwa shine yayan da aka fallasa akan ƙafafun. Raunuka a cikin wannan yanki suna da fadi sosai, tare da halayyar kusanci da juna, saboda abin da sau da yawa suke haɗuwa tare. Abubuwan kunnuwa suna da tabo mai kauri wanda masana kimiyya suka ce an lasafta su a matsayin "idanun karya."
Hali da salon rayuwa
Tigers suna da saurin rikici... A lokacin bazara, dabba mai shayarwa tana aiki musamman da daddare ko kuma da fitowar magariba, da kuma lokacin sanyi - da rana. A ƙa'ida, da farko damisa tana shaƙatar abincinta, bayan haka sai ta bi ta da hankali, ta bar masa matsuguni da rugawa, wani lokacin a cikin wani dogon buri mai gajiyarwa ga dabba.
Wata hanyar farautar damisa ta Sumatran ita ce harin kwanton bauna a kan ganima. A wannan yanayin, mai farautar yakan kawo wa ganima hari ta baya ko daga gefe. A yanayi na farko, damisa tana cizon ganima ta wuya kuma ta fasa kashin baya, kuma hanya ta biyu ta haɗa da shake wuyar wanda aka yiwa rauni. Sau da yawa, damisa na tuƙa wasan kofato a cikin tafkunan ruwa, inda mai farauta ke da fa'idar da ba za a iya yarda da ita ba, kasancewarta ƙwararren mai iyo.
Ana jan ganimar zuwa amintaccen, keɓantaccen wuri, inda za a ci shi. Dangane da lura, baligi na iya cin kusan kilogram goma sha takwas na nama a abinci ɗaya, wanda ke baiwa dabbar damar yunwa tsawon kwanaki. Sumatran damisa suna da matukar son yanayin ruwa, saboda haka suna iyo a cikin tafkunan ruwa tare da jin daɗi ko kuma kawai kwance cikin ruwan sanyi a ranakun zafi. Ana yin sadarwa na tigers a yayin aiwatar da abin ɗamara akan danginsu.
Sumatran damisa suna jagorantar, a matsayin ƙa'ida, salon keɓewa, kuma keɓaɓɓu ga wannan dokar sune mata masu haɓaka offspringa offspringan su. Girman daidaitattun ɓangaren mutum don dabba kusan kilomita 26-78 ne2, amma na iya bambanta dangane da ƙididdigar halaye na haɓaka da haɓaka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dangane da yawan dubawa, damisar Sumatran ba zata iya jure kasancewar wani namiji a yankin da take zaune ba, amma kwata-kwata cikin nutsuwa yana bawa manya damar ketara shi.
Yankunan damisa na Sumatran wasu lokuta wasu lokuta suna haɗuwa da yankunan da mata da yawa suka mamaye. Tigers suna ƙoƙari su sanya alama akan iyakokin yankinsu tare da taimakon fitsari da najasa, sannan kuma suyi abin da ake kira "ƙira" akan bawon itace. Samari maza da kansu suna bincika yankin don kansu, ko kuma ƙoƙarin dawo da wani rukunin yanar gizo daga mazan da suka balaga da jima'i.
Har yaushe ne damisar Sumatran?
Tigers na Sin da na Sumatran, a cikin yanayin yanayi na ƙananan ƙananan, galibi galibi suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru goma sha biyar zuwa goma sha takwas. Don haka, tsawon rayuwar wannan mai farautar dabbobi, ba tare da la'akari da halaye na kananan halittun ta ba, duka daya ne, ban da ɗan bambanci kaɗan. A cikin zaman talala, matsakaicin rayuwar dutsen Sumatran ya kai shekaru ashirin
Wurin zama, mazauni
Mazaunin mai farautar shi ne tsibirin Sumatra na Indonesiya. Areaananan keɓaɓɓen kewayon, da kuma sanannen cunkoson jama'a, sune iyakance abubuwan da ke iya yiwuwa na waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan, kuma ban da haka, suna ba da gudummawa ga sannu a hankali, amma mai saurin aukuwa, ƙarewa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, dabba mai shayarwa ana kara tilasta shi komawa cikin tsibirin kai tsaye, inda ba kawai ana saba masa da sabon yanayin rayuwa na dabbar daji ba, har ma da barnatar da dukiya mai yawa a cikin aikin neman ganima.
Habitauyukan Sumatran tigers sun banbanta kuma ana iya wakiltar su da ambaliyar ruwa, yankuna masu danshi da gandun daji masu haɗari, tsirrai da bishiyar mangrove. Koyaya, dabba mai shayarwa ta fi son yankuna tare da yalwar ciyawar dabbobi, tare da kasancewar matsugunai da hanyoyin samun ruwa, tare da gangaren tudu da wadataccen abinci, a nesa mafi kyau daga yankunan da mutane suka bunkasa.
Sumatran tiger abinci
Tigers suna cikin rukunin masu cin naman dabbobi masu yawa wadanda suka fi son farautar dabbobi masu matsakaita, gami da dabbobin daji, muntjacs, crocodiles, orangutans, badger, zomaye, sambarorin Indiya da manda, da kuma kanchili, wanda matsakaicin nauyinsa ya bambanta tsakanin 25-900 kilogiram. Babban balaga babba ne ke ci cikin kwanaki da yawa.
Lokacin da aka ajiye su cikin bautar, za a iya wakiltar daidaitaccen abinci na damisa na Sumatran ta nau'ikan kifi, nama, da kaji tare da ƙarin ƙwayoyin bitamin na musamman da abubuwan ma'adinai. Cikakken daidaiton abincin irin wannan tiger wani bangare ne na tsawon rayuwar sa da kiyaye lafiyarsa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin ƙirin mace bai wuce kwana biyar ko shida ba. Maza suna jan hankalin matan da suka manyanta ta hanyar ƙanshin ganima, alamun kira, da wasannin maraice na halaye. Hakanan, an lura da gwagwarmaya tsakanin mace tsakanin maza, a lokacinda masu farautar ke da babbar riga, tsawa da ƙarfi, suka tsaya kan ƙafafun su na baya kuma suka yiwa juna bugu da gwatso da gabbai.
Ma'aurata da aka kafa suna farauta kuma suna ciyar da wani muhimmin lokaci na lokaci tare, har sai mace ta sami ciki... Babban bambanci tsakanin damisar Sumatran da sauran wakilai da yawa na dangin dangin shine ikon namiji ya kasance tare da mace har zuwa farkon lokacin haihuwar, da kuma taimakonsa na ciyar da zuriyarsa. Da zaran ‘ya’yan sun girma, namiji yakan bar“ danginsa ”kuma zai iya dawowa ne kawai lokacin da mace ta bayyana a cikin kwamin na gaba.
Zamanin aikin haifuwa na damisar Sumatran ana lura dashi duk tsawon shekara, amma mata suna kai wa ga balagar jima'in tun daga shekara uku zuwa huɗu, kuma maza sun zama cikakkiyar jima'i, a matsayinka na mai mulki, har zuwa shekaru biyar. Ciki yana ɗaukar kusan ƙasa da watanni huɗu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matasa suna ƙoƙari kada su bar mahaifiyarsu har sai sun sami damar yin farauta da kansu, kuma lokacin gama yaye ɗibin damisa daga mace ya faɗi shekara ɗaya da rabi.
Mace takan haihu galibi bai fi makauniya biyu ko uku ba, kuma nauyin ɗiyan ya banbanta tsakanin 900-1300 g. Idanun yaran sun buɗe kusan a rana ta goma. A cikin watanni biyu na farko, kittens din suna ciyarwa ne kawai a kan madarar uwa mai gina jiki sosai, bayan haka sai mace ta fara ciyar da yaranta da abinci mai ƙarfi. Tan shekaru huɗu da haihuwa kittens sun fara barin ƙofar su a hankali.
Makiya na halitta
Duk da girman ban sha'awa, ana iya sanya manyan dabbobi masu farauta a tsakanin makiya na dabi'a na damarar Sumatran, da kuma mutumin da yake shafar yawan adadin irin wadannan wakilan na Feline da kuma yanayin Panther a yanayi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Na dogon lokaci, ƙananan raƙuman Sumatran suna gab da ƙarewa gabaɗaya, kuma sun cancanci a ƙididdige su a matsayin Taxananan Takaddun Haraji da kuma kan Lissafin Ja na Endasashe Masu Haɗari. Yanayin irin wannan damisa a yankin Sumatra yana raguwa cikin sauri, wanda ya samu ne saboda fadada ayyukan tattalin arziki da mutane suke yi.
Zuwa yau, yawan adadin damisa na Sumatran, bisa ƙididdiga daban-daban, ya haɗa da mutane 300-500... A ƙarshen bazara na shekara ta 2011, hukumomin Indonesiya sun ba da sanarwar ƙirƙirar wani yanki na musamman wanda aka tanada don adana damunan Sumatran. A saboda wannan dalili, an ware wani yanki na tsibirin Bethet kusa da gabar kudancin Sumatra.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abubuwan da ke yi wa wannan nau'in mummunar barazana sun hada da farautar dabbobi, asarar manyan wuraren zama saboda sare bishiyar da takardu da masana'antar sarrafa itace, da kuma fadada gonakin da ake amfani da su wajen noman dabinon.
Yankewar wuraren zama da wuraren zama, da rikice-rikice da mutane, suna da mummunan tasiri. Sumatran tigers suna hayayyafa sosai a cikin bauta, saboda haka ana ajiye su a wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi da yawa a duniya.
