Raccoons (lat. Irin waɗannan dabbobin sun sami suna ne daga kalmar Indiya ta "Arakun", ma'ana "ƙira da hannunsa."
Bayanin dodo
A yawancin kasashen Asiya da Turai, ana kiran raccoon a zahiri "taguwar taguwar" da "beyar mai wanka". Rikitar da raccoon tare da duk wata dabba ta dabba ko ta gida abune mai wahala.... Ana iya fassara sunan Latin Prosyon a matsayin "pre-kare" ko "a gaban kare", wanda ya faru ne saboda bayyanar sifar dabbar.
Bayyanar, launi
A waje, dodo yana kama da karnukan beraye, suna da jiki mara nauyi, gajerun kafafu masu motsi da dogayen yatsu, da kuma kaifi da kuma wadanda ba za a iya jansu ba. Sashin shuke-shuken ƙafafun ba shi da komai. A yayin tsayuwa, dabbar na kokarin jingina a kan dukkan tafin tafin, kuma lokacin da yake motsi - kawai a kan yatsun kafa, saboda abin da waƙoƙin raccoon suke kama da abin da hannun mutum ya bar.
Kan dabbar yana da fadi sosai, tare da hancin gajera da kaifi, kanana da kunnuwa masu kunkuru. Wutsiya tana da laushi. Jawo yana da tsayi kuma mai kauri, yana samar da "tanki" na musamman a gefen kai. Tsarin hakora yana halin kasancewar incisors 3 da 3, canines 1 da 1, premolars 3-4 da 3-4, molar 2 da 2-3. Adadin hakora duka guda 36-42 ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani fasali, fasalin halayyar gashin raccoon, a waje da takamaiman fasalin sa, abun haɗawa ne na musamman, wanda kashi 90% ya wakilta na babban sutura mai kauri ko kauri, wanda aka tsara don kare dabba daga ruwan sanyi.
An bambanta suturar ta launin launi mai launin rawaya mai haɗuwa da baƙar fata. Daga yankin gaba zuwa ƙarshen hanci, akwai tsiri na launin launin ruwan-kasa-kasa. Akwai tabo-launin ruwan kasa-kasa a idanu. A wutsiyar dodon raɗaɗɗen, akwai zobba masu faɗi masu launin ruwan kasa-kasa ko launin toka-rawaya. Raccoons na namiji galibi suna da nauyi sosai kuma sun fi mata girma.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Halin beran daji, ba tare da la'akari da jinsin ba, yana da matukar aminci da abokantaka, mai matukar aiki da son sani. Irin wannan dabba mai basira tana da kaifin basira, tana da cikakken ilimin koyon yadda ake warware matsaloli masu sauki da kuma dabaru masu sauki. Dabbar da ba ta tashin hankali ba ta bambanta da tsoro, saboda haka tana iya kare kanta ta hanyar cizo da karce, da amfani da barazanar girma. A wasu lokuta, dabbar ta fi son komawa baya ko yin kamar ya mutu don kauce wa faɗa.
Duk da abokantakarsu, raccoons sun fi son kadaici, don haka suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni na musamman a lokacin shakatarwa.... Dabba mai shayarwa mafi yawan lokuta yana kula da kyakkyawar dangantaka da maƙwabta makusanta; sabili da haka, wuraren neman irin waɗannan dabbobin na iya haɗuwa. Haƙuri yana da sakamako mai kyau akan yawan raccoons a yankuna da yawa. Sadarwa da juna ana bayyana ta cikin raɗaɗɗen ciki, gurnani da wani irin nishi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matsakaicin tsawon lokacin shakatawar beran daji ya dogara da tsawon lokacin sanyi, amma rakoran Kanada suna cikin wannan jihar mafi tsayi, waɗanda ke iya yin bacci na tsawon watanni biyar.
Dabba mai shayarwa ta fi son rayuwar dare-maraice, saboda haka, da rana, dabbobi suna kwana a cikin kogonsu, kuma suna fita neman abinci sai da yamma. Koyaya, idan ya cancanta, raccoons suna da ƙarfin canza tsarin yau da kullun. Misali, tsarin abinci da halaye na abincin rakolan da ke gabar teku sun dogara ne kacokaf da gudana, yayin da rakolan da ke raye a arewacin latitude suka fara kitso sau biyu ko uku, bayan haka sai su shiga cikin bacci, tsananin sanyi mai ɗorewa.
Har yaushe raccoons ke rayuwa?
Mafi yawan jinsunan da ke yaduwa a yau sune al'adun raccoon, wanda matsakaicin adadin rayuwarsa a yanayin rayuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce shekaru biyar zuwa shida ba. Lokacin da aka tsare su a cikin fursuna, dabba mai shayarwa tana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar, amma yawancin adadi da yawa suna shafar tsawon rayuwar raccoon cikin gida, gami da halaye na jinsin, yanayin da aka samar domin kiyayewa, cin abinci da kuma kiyaye rigakafin cututtuka.
Raccoon nau'in
Wasu manyan jinsuna guda hudu ana danganta su ga jinsin Raccoon:
- Rakunan da aka tube (Рrосyоn lоtоr), wadanda ke karkashin wakilcin kananan hukumomi 22 - masu shayarwa, wadanda suna daya daga cikin 'yan jinsunan da suka bunkasa a yayin aiwatar da tasirin anthropogenic da noman kasa. Dabba mai tsawon jiki tsakanin 45-60 cm da jela bai fi kwata na mita ba. Yana da gajerun kafafu da kuma kauri mai ruwan kasa-mai launin toka-toka;
- Raccoons (Prosyon cancrivorus), samun wutsiya mai laushi da tsari a kusa da idanuwa, wanda ke samar da wani nau'in "abin rufe fuska". Ya bambanta a cikin mafi daidaitaccen jiki a cikin zangon 40-60 cm, tare da wutsiya tsawon 20-42 cm. Jawo a baya da gefuna launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a cikin ciki launin toka ne;
- Cozumel raccoons (Prosyon pygmаeus) suna cikin jinsunan da ba kasafai suke da jiki ba tsawon 60-80 cm, tare da girman wutsiya a cikin kwata na mita. Matsakaicin nauyin jiki na baligi na iya bambanta daga 3.0 zuwa 4.0 kg. An rarrabe jinsin da furcin launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka-toƙanci, kasancewar launin rawaya mai launin rawaya a kan wutsiya da baƙin mask a kan bakin fuska;
- Guadalupe raccoons (Prosyon minоr) suna cikin jinsin halittu masu hatsari kuma ana kamanta su da kamanni na waje tare da taguwar raccoon. Tsawon jiki yakai cm 51-60. Wutsiyar fulawa tana da zobba guda biyar ko shida, kuma an rufe jikin da furcin mai kauri. Akwai halayyar "baƙin mask" a cikin yankin kai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yau, mafi yawan raƙuman daɗaɗɗen raccoon yana wakiltar ƙungiyoyi biyu dozin, gami da nau'ikan tsibiri da yawa.
Nau'ikan raccoon masu taguwar sun hada da masu karamin karfi, wadanda ba kasafai ake samunsu ba - Barbados raccoon (Latin Prosyon lotor gloveralleni), suna zaune a tsibiri a cikin Tekun Caribbean, da kuma wasu manya-manyan kananan - Tresmarian raccoon (Prosyon lotor insulаris) lat.Prosyon lotor mаynаrdi).
Yanki, rarraba
- Cozumel raccoon Yana da matukar damuwa ga karamin tsibirin Caribbean da ke bakin tekun Quintana Roo. Mahalli na gari shine tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire a cikin tsibirin, da kuma yankunan bakin teku da wuraren shuke-shuke.
- Guadalupe raccoons - dabbobin ƙasar da ke rayuwa galibi a yankuna masu danshi na Guadeloupe. Raccoons na wannan nau'in sun fi son wuraren dausayi, amma kuma suna iya zama a cikin busassun wuraren daji kusa da koguna ko tabkuna.
- Aguara ko kyankyasai - dabbar da ta samo asali daga filayen fadama da gandun daji, suna zaune a yankin Kudancin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya, gami da Tobago da Trinidad. Dabbar da ba ta da dare ta fi son zama kusa da rafuka, tabkuna da koguna.
- Ba'amurke ko taguwar rako - mai farauta wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka, daga Isthmus na Panama zuwa lardunan kudancin Kanada, da Faransa da sauran ƙasashen Turai.
Rakunan da suka manyanta suna da mazauninsu kusa da ruwa, suna zaɓar wannan dalilin rami a cikin bishiya, wanda yakai tsayin 30 cm daga matakin ƙasa. Neman rako a gida bashi da wahala - haushi a jikin akwatin itacen yana da kyan gani, tare da isassun adadin gashi. Baya ga babban mazaunin, raccoons suna shirya wasu amintattun mafaka da yawa don kansu, amma don bacci galibi suna amfani da babban rami.
Idan babu rami mai dacewa, dabba mai shayarwa tana da ikon daidaitawa a cikin raƙuman duwatsu ko bishiyar da ta faɗi, har ma a cikin itace. Wani lokaci dabbar tana samun rami na girman da ya dace kuma wasu dabbobi sun watsar da shi, wanda hakan ya faru ne saboda rashin ikon raccoons na haƙa wa kansu gida da kansu. Raccoons suna daidaitawa cikin sauƙi da sauri, saboda haka sau da yawa mafarauta sukan zauna kusa da ƙauyuka, kusa da lambunan 'ya'yan itace da yankuna na shakatawa. Rarelyananan dabbobi ba sa barin yankin da aka zaɓa, amma idan ya cancanta, dodo zai iya yin tafiyar kusan kilomita ɗaya da rabi daga gare shi.
Raccoon rage cin abinci
Bioungiyoyin da aka fi so na raccoons suna wakiltar tsofaffin yankunan gandun daji da ke da fadama da kududdufai... A cikin irin wannan yanki, akwai bishiyoyi da yawa da yawa, wanda ke ba raccoon damar hutawa da rana. Dabba mai shayarwa yana da kyakkyawan hangen nesa na dare, wanda ke taimaka wa dabba yin yawo a sararin samaniya da dare da farauta. Kari kan haka, raccoons suna da tsinkayen da ke tsiro a kusan ilahirin jiki, gami da kai, kirji da ciki, farjin ciki na kafafu, da wuraren fata kusa da farce.
Rakken yana cikin rukunin masarufi, amma babban abincinsa ya dogara ne da halayen lokaci da wuri. Iyali kaɗai dan gidan da ke kwanciyar hankali a cikin bazara yana buƙatar adadin abinci mai gina jiki. Bayan rashin nutsuwa, a watan Fabrairu ko Maris, raccoon da suka balaga da jimawa za su fara haifuwa, don haka suna buƙatar ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda abincin dabbobi kawai ke wakilta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan ɗan adam, waɗanda ke yin barazana ga rayuwa da yawan dabbobi da yawa, ba za su iya haifar da babbar illa ga rakorowa ba, saboda haka irin waɗannan dabbobin suna dacewa da rayuwa kusa da mutane kuma galibi suna samun abinci a wuraren shara ko kuma cikin kwandunan shara.
Raccoons suna iya kama manyan kwari, kuma suna farautar kwadi kuma ba manyan rodents ba. Iyawar hawa bishiyoyi a hankali yana bawa dabba damar lalata gidajen tsuntsaye. Wani lokacin suna cin abincin macizai, kadangaru da dabbobin ruwa daban-daban, wanda kaguwa, kifin kifi da kifi ke iya wakiltar su. Tare da farkon lokacin kaka, raccoons sun canza zuwa kayan abinci na kayan lambu a cikin nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace da kwayoyi, acorns da' ya'yan itatuwa na shuke-shuke da dama. Ga wasu yankuna, raccoons sun zama babban bala'i, saboda yawan kai hare-hare kan 'ya'yan itace, noma da kankana.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin rututu don raccoons yana farawa da farkon lokacin bazara. A duk tsawon lokacin saduwarsu, maza suna neman wadanda zasu aure su, kuma yankin da dabbar take zaune yana kara fadada. Mace mai ɗoki don ƙamshi zai iya bayyana mace mai shirye don saduwa. Bayan an gama saduwar aure, sai namijin ya bar mace mai ciki kuma nan da nan sai ya nemi sabuwar budurwa. Raccoons na maza sun fi son zama cikin kadaici, don haka ba su taɓa shiga kai tsaye wajen kiwon zuriya ba.
Rakun mata, wanda aka bari shi kaɗai bayan tsarin saduwar aure, yana cikin ɗaukar zuriya... Nan da nan kafin haihuwar ƙananan raccoons, halayyar mace mai ciki ta zama mai rikici da rashin tabbas. Lokacin daukar ciki ya dan wuce wata biyu. Sababbin beran daji beraye ne kuma makafi, kuma matsakaicin nauyinsu yakai gram 70-75. Kubiyoni suna farawa ne tun suna da makonni uku. A kwanakin farko bayan haihuwa, littlean raccoons suna ciyarwa kawai akan madarar uwa, kuma idan hakoran madara suka bayyana, dabbobin da ke cikin samari suna fara sauyawa zuwa nau'ikan abinci masu ƙarfi. Mace na iya ciyar da ɗiyanta da ke girma kusan kowane sa'a ɗaya.
Mahimmanci! Idan akwai wata hatsari kwatsam, tsuntsun macen mata yana shirya mayanka-mafaka guda goma na musamman, yana ba da izini da sauri sauya mazaunin duka, tare da tserar da zuriya daga mutuwa.
Mace takan haifa kimanin shekara hudu ko biyar a shekara. Fatar irin wadannan jariran tana da girma kuma tana girma tun daga ranar farko ta rayuwarsu, kuma a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, alamun halaye na baƙar fata da fari suna bayyana a kan muzzles ɗin ɗiyan kusan kusan nan da nan.
Sadarwar jarirai tare da mahaifiyarsu ana aiwatar da su ne ta hanyar sauti na musamman, wanda ake kira da bushe-bushe da hargowa mai karfi, haka kuma ba hayaniya da gurnani. Hakanan abin lura ne cewa tsofaffin dabbobi suna sadarwa ba kawai sau da yawa ba, amma kuma a hankali sun fi shuru, musayar sautunan da ba su da kyau.
Makiya na halitta
Raccoons suna cikin jinsin dabbobin daji masu tsananin tauri, kusan ba su da kariya daga cututtuka da yawa masu saurin yaduwa. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa tana da karfin kare kanta daga mafi yawan masu cin nama a cikin yanayin yanayi.... Koyaya, dole a kula sosai kamar yadda raccoon kanta ke iya ɗaukar wasu cututtukan cututtuka masu tsanani.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yankin wasu ƙasashe, abin da ake kira farautar wasanni musamman don raccoons sanannen abu ne, a lokacin da aka harbe kusan mutum miliyan biyu ko uku a cikin watanni goma sha biyu.
A cikin yanayi na ɗabi'a, da yawa daga cikin masu farautar dabbobi na iya kai wa ɓardawa hari, gami da kyankyasai, kerkeci, jan lynx, doki, kifi da ma mujiya. Macizai galibi suna farautar cuban berayen da ba su balaga ba. A cikin yankin Ciscaucasia, yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da kyau sosai ta hanyar jaka na kowa, wanda, tare da raccoon, ɗayan ɗayan masu haɗari ne.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A Amurka, raccoons jinsin kasuwanci ne, kuma a sassan arewacin kasar, a karkashin kyakkyawan yanayi, adadinsu ya kai mutum dari uku a kowane kadada dubu daya, wanda ke haifar da lalata filayen, gonaki da gonakin inabi, kankana da gidajen kaji, da gonaki. Irin wannan dabbar tana samun nasarar zama cikin nasara a cikin fursuna, amma a lokaci guda dabbobin da ke da alamar samsonism tare da ƙarancin ci gaban rumfa dole ne a kashe su.
Fiye da shekaru ashirin da suka wuce, ,ungiyar Baƙin Duniya ta Kula da Consabi'a tana cikin haɗari ga raƙuman Bahamian saboda ƙarancin adadin manya. A halin yanzu, ba a daukar kwararan matakan da ake da niyyar kiyaye wadannan kayan masarufi.
