Pelicans (lat na Relesanus)

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Pelicans (lat. Jinsi takwas ne kawai aka san suna cikin tsari na Pelicaniformes, waɗanda nau'insu biyu ke zaune a ƙasarmu.

Bayanin Pelican

Wakilan jinsi na Pelicans sune mafi girman tsuntsaye a tsarin su.... Zuwa yau, wannan jinsin ya hada da jinsunan da aka wakilta:

  • Pilin na Australiya (P. connsillatus);
  • Curly Pelican (P. crisрus);
  • American Brown Pelican (P.ossidentalis);
  • Farin Baƙin Amurka (P. erythrоrhynchоs);
  • Pink pelican (P. onocrotalus);
  • Pink mai goyan bayan ruwan hoda (ru.rufesesns);
  • Grey pelican (P. philipprensis);
  • Pelecanus thagus.

Dukkan nau'ikan dangin Pelican da al'adun Pelican da ke zaune a sararin samaniya suna cikin tsuntsayen masu ƙaura.

Bayyanar

Matsakaicin tsayin jikin babba mai girma shine 1.3-1.8 m, tare da nauyin kilogiram 7-14. Bayyanar ko bayyanar tsuntsun halayyar Pelesnidae ce kuma tana da wakiltar jiki mai girman kai amma mai girman gaske, manyan fuka-fuki, gajeru da gaɓɓɓu masu kauri tare da babban membrane tsakanin yatsun ƙafafu, da gajere kuma zagaye. Wuyan tsuntsun ya isa kuma ya inganta sosai. Bakin bakin bai fi 46-47 cm tsayi ba, tare da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙugiya a ƙarshen.

Banbancin gashin bakin na pelikan an banbanta shi da kasancewar wata jakar fata wacce ake iya shimfidawa, wacce tsuntsun ke amfani da ita wajen kamun kifi iri-iri. Likin naman kwalliya a kwance yake, yana dacewa da jiki. Tsuntsu yakan “feshe” gashin fuka-fukai masu saurin jikewa da taimakon bakinta. Launin wakilan dangin Pelican da na Pelican a koyaushe haske ne - mai tsabta fari, a cikin launuka masu launin toka, galibi tare da launin ruwan hoda. Fuka-fukan jirgin suna da launi mai duhu.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani fasali na dukkanin yan kwalliya shine keɓaɓɓun bayanan tsuntsaye a lokacin nest - wata hayaniya mai ban tsoro da rashin kuzari, sauran lokutan, wakilan wannan jinsin basuyi shuru ba.

Bakin baki da sassan kansa suna da launi mai haske, musamman sananne tare da farkon lokacin saduwa. Fuka-fukai a bayan kai sukan zama wani nau'i na kirji. Mata sun fi ƙanana girma kuma ba su da launi kamar na maza. Yarinyar pelikan yana da launi mai laushi mai kalar ruwan kasa mai launin toka mai launin toka.

Hali da salon rayuwa

Babu takamaiman matsayi mai ƙarfi a cikin garken pelicans. Rayuwa ce a cikin irin wannan ƙawancen ƙawancen kuma mai haɗin gwiwa wanda ke ba tsuntsayen ruwa damar samar da isasshen tsaro.

A kowane garken akwai masu sa ido masu yawa, suna sanar da duk garken game da hatsarin da ke tattare da tsuntsayen, bayan haka ana amfani da dabarar tsoratar da abokan gaba cikin nutsuwa. Wasu lokuta a tsakanin 'yan tsugunne na garken guda garken, ƙananan rikice-rikice na iya faruwa, waɗanda ke tsokanar su ta hanyar cire abinci ko neman kayan gini don tsara sheƙuna.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Lokacin yawo, godiya ga dogon baki mai nauyi mai nauyi, pelicans suna riƙe wuyansu a matsayin harafin S, wanda yayi kama da marainiya da marabou a bayyane.

Fadan da ba a saba faruwa ba tsakanin wasu mambobi na jinsin Pelican wani yaki ne na abokan hamayya ta amfani da manyan baki... Don tashi, dole ne a samar da irin wannan babban tsuntsu da kyakkyawar gudu. Pelicans suna iya tashi sama a sama na dogon lokaci, suna amfani da igiyoyin iska don wannan dalili. A yayin zirga-zirgar jirage masu nisa, yana da wahala musamman ga shugaba, wanda ya sanya saurin tafiyar na dukkan garken. Saboda wannan dalili ne yasa manyan tsuntsaye, yayin tashi daga garken, sukan maye gurbin juna a lokaci-lokaci.

'Ya'yan pelicas nawa ke rayuwa

A cikin fursunoni, pelicans na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru talatin, wanda hakan ya faru ne saboda kyakkyawan yanayin tsarewa da kuma rashin makiya na halitta. A cikin daji, matsakaicin tsawon rai na wakilan jinsin Pelicans yana da ƙarancin hankali.

Wurin zama, mazauni

Ana samun 'yan kwalliyar Australiya kusan ko'ina a Australia da New Guinea, da kuma yammacin Indonesia. Masu shigowa marasa aure sun hada da shari'ar bayyanar pelikan Australiya, waɗanda aka yi rajista a New Zealand, a kan tsibiran da ke yammacin Tekun Fasifik.

Yana da ban sha'awa! A Ostiraliya, ana samun irin waɗannan 'yan kwalliyar a cikin ruwa mai kyau ko kusa da gabar teku, da kuma a cikin manyan wuraren dausayi da ƙauyuka, a cikin ɗakunan ruwa na ɗan lokaci da kuma yankunan tsibirin da ke bakin teku.

Dalmatian pelicans (Pelesanus crispus) suna zaune cikin yankunan tafki mai wahalar isa, mafi karancin ruwa da kogin deltas, wanda ke da yawan ciyawar ruwa. Wasu lokuta irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sukan zauna a jikin ruwa tare da ruwan gishiri da kuma kan ƙananan tsiran tsibirin. Ofaya daga cikin mafi yawan mutanen da aka ɗorawa mai launin ja ko fata na Amurka (Pelesanus erythrоrhynchоs) an lura da su a cikin Tafkin Apothecary a cikin jihar Montana ta Amurka cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata. 'Ya'yan pelicans masu launin ruwan kasa na Amurka (Pelesanus ossidalentalis) suna zaune ne a kan tsaunuka masu ƙanƙanci da ƙetare a gefen tekun Chile, wanda ke ba da gudummawar tara tarin guano mai tsawon mita a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna.

Yankin rarraba Pink Pelican (Pelesanus onocrotalus) ya sami wakilcin yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Turai da Afirka, da kuma Front, Central da South-West Asia. Gishiri mai ruwan toka (Pelesanus philipprensis) yana zaune a yankunan kudu maso gabas da kudancin Asiya, da kuma gidajan daga Indonesia zuwa Indiya, yana ba da fifiko ga tabkuna mara zurfi.

Pink-goyon bayan pelicans (Relesnus rufessens) gida a cikin tabkuna da yankunan fadama a duk yankin Saharar Afirka, Madagascar da Kudancin Arabia. Nungiyoyin Nesting na wakilai da yawa na masu ɗumi mai ruwan hoda sun fi so a sanya su cikin bishiyoyi, gami da baobabs.

Abincin Pelican

Babban abincin pelicans yana wakiltar kifi, wanda irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ke kama shi ta hanyar saukar da kawunansu ƙarƙashin ruwa.... A cikin ruwan ne wakilan jinsin Pelicans ke kama ganima da bakunansu waɗanda ke hawa kusa da farfajiyar. Bakunan kwalliya ya banbanta da kyakkyawar fahimta, wanda ke ba tsuntsu damar samun abincin kanta cikin sauƙin ruwan. A kan baken pelicans akwai ƙugiya ta musamman, lanƙwasa zuwa ƙasa, saboda abin da ake sa ganima mai sihiri sosai.

An haɗiye ganima tare da kaɗawar kai. Ya kamata a sani cewa baƙon tsuntsu ba ya amfani da shi don adana abinci. Wannan bangare na baki yana aiki ne kawai da nufin rike kifin na wani lokaci. Pelicans, waɗanda mazauna jikin ruwan gishiri ne, suna iya amfani da bakunansu don tara ruwan sha.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Da zaran kwalliyar ta kama kifi a cikin bakinta, sai ta rufe ta kuma latsa ta zuwa ɓangaren kirji, a yayin farautar sai juye juye take zuwa maƙogwaro.

Pelicans suna zuwa farauta su kadai, amma kuma suna iya taruwa a cikin garken tumaki, waɗanda wasu lokuta suna da girma ƙwarai. Makarantar kifin da aka gano tana kewaye da irin wannan rukunin tsuntsayen, bayan haka kuma sai a farautar abin farautar zuwa ga gabar ruwa. Pelicans a irin wannan lokacin suna rawar ruwa sosai da fikafikan su, bayan haka kifin da ya sami sauƙin kama shi da bakin sa. Wani lokaci gull, cormorants da terns na iya haɗuwa da farauta tare. Da rana, kwalliya na cin abinci fiye da kilogram na kifin sabo da aka kama.

Baya ga kifi, abincin da ake wakilta na dangin Pelican da na Pelican ana ciyar da su lokaci-lokaci tare da kowane irin kayan kwalliya, manyan 'yan amshi da tadpoles, gami da kananan yara na kunkuru.

A shirye suke su yarda da irin wadannan tsuntsayen kuma su ciyar daga mutane. A cikin yanayin karancin abinci sananniya, manya da manya suna iya kamun duck ko gull, kuma a sauƙaƙe suna cin ganima daga wasu nau'in tsuntsayen ruwa.

Sake haifuwa da zuriya

Don manufar haifuwa ta pelicans, an ƙirƙiri manyan yankuna, wanda yawansu wani lokaci yakan kai mutane dubu arba'in. Tsuntsaye suna gudanar da gida gida a lokuta daban-daban na shekara kuma ya dogara da yanayin yankin. An halicci tsuntsaye nau'i-nau'i don yanayi daya. Tare da farkon lokacin saduwa, launin launi na jakar makogwaro da baki yana canzawa kuma yana samun inuwa mai ruwan hoda mai haske tare da yankuna masu launin shuɗi da launin rawaya Chrome.

Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:

  • Marabou na Afirka
  • Kitoglav ko Sarauniya mai Sarauta

Striaƙƙarfan bak'in zane mai banƙyama ya bayyana a ƙasan beak. Kafin tsarin saduwar aure, pelicans suna da tsawon lokacin soyayya, bayan haka mace da namiji za su je gida gida.

Yawancin jinsin wakilai na dangin Pelican da Pelican genus suna gina ƙauyukansu a ƙasa kawai, suna amfani da wannan dalilin ramuka da mata suka haƙa, waɗanda aka jera da twanƙara da tsofaffin layu. Speciesananan nau'in pelicans na iya yin shuki kai tsaye a kan bishiyoyin da ke girma kusa da jikin ruwa. Mata ne kawai ke gina gida, amma maza suna kawo kayan wannan. Yawancin tsuntsaye da yawa sukan gina gida ɗaya.

Cikakken mace ya ƙunshi kwai ɗaya zuwa uku na shuɗi ko rawaya... Mace da namiji suna cikin nakuda na tsawon kwana 35. Duk iyayen biyu suna ciyar da kajin masu tasowa. Yankunan da aka haifa suna da babban baki da idanuwa masu bulbula, kuma farkon fitarsu ta bayyana ne kawai a rana ta goma bayan haihuwa.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Alamomin lalata jima'i a cikin pelicans suna da rauni sosai, amma mata, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ƙarami ne kuma basu da launi mai haske idan aka kwatanta da maza.

Kaji yakan bar gida sau da yawa yana da makonni biyu ko uku, saboda abin da ke haifar da kama da gandun daji "gandun daji" da yawa. Pelicans sun sami 'yanci ne kawai lokacin da suka cika wata biyu.

Makiya na halitta

A karkashin yanayin yanayi, pelicans ba su da makiya da yawa, wanda girman girman irin wadannan tsuntsaye ya bayyana. Tsuntsun da ya balaga galibi sau da yawa sai da kadoji ke kai masa hari, kuma kajin na iya zama ganimar dawakai, da kuraye da wasu tsuntsaye masu cin nama.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Babban dalilan raguwar yawan mutanen pelicans ana daukar su ne yawan amfani da DDT a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma wasu magungunan kwari masu karfi. Shan magungunan kwari da abinci ya yi illa ga lafiyar tsuntsayen kuma yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da sanadin raguwar alamun haihuwarsu.

Mafi karancin damuwa a halin yanzu shine yawan mutanen pelikan Australiya (Pelecanus ploticillatus), farar fatar Amurka (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) da faranikan ruwan ruwan Amurka (Pelecanus ossidentalis), Pink pelikan (Pelecanus onocrotalis) da Rosov Jinsi masu rauni sun hada da Curly Pelican (Relesnus crispus). Grey Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) da Pelecanus thagus ne kawai ke kusa da jinsunan masu rauni a yau.

Bidiyo game da pelicans

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