Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwalejin whale yayi fice saboda babbar bakin hakora, girmanta, gudu da juriya. Waɗannan “dodanni na teku” su kaɗai ne suka rayu daga cikin dukkanin iyalan mahaifa. Me yasa ake farautar su? Wace irin barazana take haifarwa ga mutane? Ta yaya yake rayuwa kuma me yake ci? Duk wannan yana ci gaba a cikin labarin!
Bayanin mahaifa
A cikin teku, zaku iya haɗuwa da halittun ban mamaki masu girman gaske... Ofaya daga cikinsu shine mai cutar kwayayen mahaifa. Babban banbancin sa da sauran kifaye shine abincin sa. Ba shi da sha'awar plankton ko algae, amma yana farautar "manyan kifaye" a ma'anar kalmar. 'Yan kama-karya ne wadanda za su iya kai wa mutane hari cikin gaggawa. Idan baku barazana ga rayuwar yaran ba kuma baku tsangwama da ayyukan yau da kullun, ba zasu kai hari ga mutum da kansa ba.
Bayyanar
Maniyyin Whales suna da matukar ban mamaki da ɗan ban tsoro. Abu na farko da ya kama maka ido shine babban kai, wanda, a kallon farko, ya fi girma fiye da jiki. Adadin ya fi bayyane a cikin martaba, idan aka kalle shi daga gaba, kai baya fitowa kuma mahaɗan mahaifa na iya rikicewa da sauƙi tare da whale. "Girman jiki, girman kwakwalwa," wannan dokar ta shafi mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, amma ba ga mahaifa ba.
Kokon kai yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na nama da kitse, kuma kwakwalwar kanta ta ninka girman mutum sau da yawa. Ana cire Spermaceti daga abu mai kamuwa da cuta - wani abu mai tushe da kakin zuma. A matakan farko na ci gaban masana'antar sunadarai, an yi kyandirori, creams, tushe don man shafawa, da manne daga gare ta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sai kawai bayan gano sandar da aka yi da roba sannan ɗan adam ya daina halakar da naman whales.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Kowane minti 30, kifin whale na fitowa daga zurfin don shan iska. Tsarinta na numfashi daban da na sauran Whale, hatta rafin ruwan da maniyyin whale ke fitarwa ana fuskantar shi ne zuwa kwana, ba madaidaici ba. Wani damar mai ban sha'awa na wannan kifin Whale yana da nutsewa cikin sauri. Duk da rashin saurinta (10 km / h), tana iya ɗaukar tsaye gaba ɗaya sama da ruwa. Wannan saboda karfin jijiyoyin wutsiya ne, wadanda da su ne suke iya dimauta makiya ko su kawar da kishiyoyi.
Tsawon rayuwa
Matar maniyyi mace tana ɗaukar amfrayo a kanta na kusan watanni 16. Cubaya ɗaya ne za a iya haifa a lokaci guda. Wannan iyakancewa saboda girman tayi. Haihuwar da aka haifa ta kai mita 3 a tsayi kuma nauyinta ya kai kusan kilo 950. Shekarar farko da yake ciyarwa kawai akan madara, wannan yana bashi damar girma da haɓaka.
Mahimmanci! Kafin gabatarwar haramcin farauta, matsakaicin shekarun mutumin da aka kashe ya kasance shekaru 12-15. Wato, dabbobi masu shayarwa basu rayu har zuwa kashi daya cikin uku na rayuwarsu ba.
A cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, hakora sun bayyana kuma yana iya farautar sauran kifaye. Mata suna haihuwa sau ɗaya kawai a kowace shekara 3. Mata na fara saduwa da su tun suna shekara bakwai, kuma maza suna da shekara 10. Matsakaicin rayuwar sperm whales shine shekaru 50-60, wani lokacin har zuwa shekaru 70. Mace tana riƙe da haihuwa har zuwa shekaru 45.
Girma na mahaifa
Manya maza sun kai mita 20 a tsayi, kuma nauyi na iya kaiwa tan 70. Mata suna da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan a cikin girma - nauyinsu bai wuce tan 30 ba, kuma tsawonsu 15 m.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana iya samun titan teku a kusan kowace teku... Suna ƙoƙarin nisanta kansu daga ruwan sanyi, amma, galibi ana lura dasu a arewacin Tekun Atlantika, ruwan Bering Sea. Maza na iya iyo a cikin Tekun Kudancin. Mata sun fi son ruwa mai ɗumi, iyakar iyakokinsu ita ce Japan, Australia, California.
Abincin maniyyi
Kifayen kifayen maniyyi suna cin nama kuma galibi ana cin ganima akan ƙananan yara da ƙananan kifi. Suna neman wanda aka azabtar a zurfin har zuwa kilomita 1.2; don babban kifi, zaku iya nitsewa zuwa zurfin kilomita 3-4.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin tsawan lokaci na yajin yunwa, kifin whale yana adana mai mai yawa, wanda aka kashe don kiyaye kuzari.
Hakanan zasu iya ciyarwa akan gawa. Yankinsu na narkewa yana iya narkewa har da ƙasusuwa, don haka ba zasu taɓa mutuwa da yunwa ba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Mata na ruwan maniyyi yawanci basa wuce iyakokin ruwan dumi, saboda haka, lokacin saduwa da haihuwar yara a cikinsu ba'a iyakance shi sosai kamar na jinsunan da mata ke yin ƙaura koyaushe zuwa ruwan sanyi na sassan biyu. Whales na maniyyi na iya haihuwa a cikin shekara, amma yawancin sasan ana haifuwa ne a cikin kaka. Ga Yankin Arewa, wannan yana faruwa a farkon lokacin kaka. Don haka, a Arewacin Atlantika, ana samun ƙarin zuriya tsakanin Mayu da Nuwamba. Kafin fara nakuda, mata na taruwa a wani yanki mai nutsuwa, inda yanayi zai yi tasiri ga ci gaban zuriyar.
Irin wadannan yankuna a cikin Tekun Fasifik sun hada da ruwan tsibirin Marshall da Bonin Island, gabashin gabar Japan, zuwa wata karamar - ruwan tsibiran Kudancin Kuril da Tsibirin Galapagos, a cikin Tekun Atlantika - Azores, Bermuda, bakin tekun Afirka na Natal da Madagascar. Perwararrun maniyyi suna zaune a wurare masu zurfin zurfin ruwa, waɗanda suke a gefen gefen tsibiri ko reef.
A Kudancin Kasan, "lokacin saduwa" yana faruwa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu. Mata suna haihuwa nesa da gida don kada wasu kifayen da ke farautar su cutar da zuriyar. Jin zafin jiki mai dadi - digiri 17-18 a ma'aunin Celsius. Afrilu 1962
Kusa da tsibirin Tristan da Cunha, daga helikofta, masu ceto sun kalli haihuwar ɗan maraƙi. Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da yawa na mahaifa, wanda ya ƙidaya mutane 20-30. Whales sun juyo da juna kusa da juna, don haka ruwan ya zama kamar girgije.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Don hana jaririn nutsar, wasu mata suna tallafa masa, yin ruwa a ƙarƙashinsa da kuma tura shi sama.
Bayan wani lokaci, ruwan ya zama ja, kuma jariri ya bayyana a saman tekun, wanda nan take ya bi mahaifiyarsa. Wasu whales 4 na maniyyi sun kiyaye su, wataƙila suma mata. Shaidun gani da ido sun lura cewa yayin haihuwa, mace ta tsaya kai tsaye, tana jingina daga cikin ruwan kusan rubu'in tsayin jikinta. A cikin sabon haihuwa, ana lanƙwasa ruwan wutsiyar caudal fin a cikin tubule na ɗan lokaci.
Makiya na halitta
Saboda girmansa da haƙoransa masu kaifi, kifin whale yana da enemiesan makiya. Wata sabuwar haihuwa ko mace wacce bata da kariya, amma ba zata kuskura ta afkawa babban namiji ba. Sharks da Whale ba kishiyoyi a gare su ba. A tseren neman kudi mai sauki da kyaututtukan kofuna, dan adam ya kori whale whales kusa da layin karewa.
Ya zuwa yau, farauta da tarko waɗannan dabbobin haramtattu ne kuma doka za ta hukunta su.... Kuma wannan bai shafi jin daɗin masana'antar sunadarai da kayan kwalliya ba, saboda masana kimiyya sun daɗe suna koyon yadda ake hada abubuwa masu fitilun a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Ba a san raguwar yawan maniyyin whale daga sababi na halitta ba, amma sakamakon ayyukan masana'antu na bil'adama, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun tafka asara mai yawa. Farauta tare da harboon hannu daga jiragen ruwa masu tasowa ya fara a farkon rabin karni na 18. Kuma ya dau kusan shekaru 100, bayan haka kuma 'yan kifi whala sun yi kadan har aka yanke shawarar dakatar da farauta da kamun kifi domin kiyayewa da dawo da yawan jama'a. Kuma ya yi aiki.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Blue ko shuɗin whale
- Kifi whale - kifayen kifayen ko dabbar dolfin
- Nawa ne nauyin whale?
Yawan maniyyin kifaye ya fara komawa yadda yake. Amma tare da bayyanar fasahar masana’antu, an kirkiro rundunar mahaukata kuma masana'antar ta koma wani sabon matakin. A sakamakon haka, ya zuwa shekarun 60 na karni na 21, a wasu yankuna na Tekun Duniya, an sami raguwa sosai a cikin adadin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan yanayin ya katse daidaituwar fauna ta teku saboda sauyawar sarkar abinci.
Maniyyi Whale da mutum
“Mutum da dabba duk dabbobi masu shayarwa ne. Kuma yin abin da mutane suke yi shekara 100 - kuma wane laifi ne, a kan ƙananan 'yan'uwanmu. " Jagora zuwa ga abyss. 1993 shekara.
Darajar kasuwanci
Farauta babbar hanyar samun kuɗi ce ga masana'antar. Basques suna yin wannan a cikin Bay of Biscay a cikin karni na 11. A Arewacin Amurka, farauta don kifin whale ya fara a ƙarni na 17. Babban mahimmin abu wanda aka ciro daga jikin halittar ruwan maniyyi ya kasance mai. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 19, wannan sinadarin shine kawai sinadaran da ya biya duk bukatun masana'antar likitanci. An yi amfani dashi azaman man fetur don kayan aiki na hasken wuta, azaman man shafawa, azaman mafita don tausasa kayan fata, da kuma wasu matakai da yawa. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da kitse don yin sabulu da kuma samar da sinadarin margarine. An yi amfani da wasu nau'ikan a masana'antar sinadarai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk dabbobin dawa masu shayarwa ne. Kakanninsu sun taɓa rayuwa a kan tudu. Har yanzu fincinsu yana kama da hannayen yanar gizo. Amma shekaru dubbai da yawa, suna rayuwa cikin ruwa, sun saba da irin wannan rayuwar.
An samo kitse musamman daga mutanen da aka kama a cikin Arctic da Antarctic a cikin bazara da lokacin bazara, saboda a wancan lokacin sun fi nauyi, wanda ke nufin za a iya samun ƙarin mai. Daga maniyyi ɗaya, kusan lita 8,000 na mai mai yawa. A cikin 1946, an kirkiro wani kwamiti na musamman na kasa da kasa don kariya daga kifin whales. Yana ma'amala da tallafawa jama'a da kuma kula da yawan jama'a. Duk da kokarin da aka yi, wannan bai taimaka ba don ceton halin da ake ciki, yawan kwale-kwalen mahaifa na gabatowa da sauri da sauri.
A duniyar zamani, farauta ba ta da irin wannan buƙata da ma’ana kamar da. Kuma matsanancin mutane da ke son "yin yaƙi" za su biya tara ko ma a jefa su kurkuku. Baya ga kitsen kifin whales, nama yana da daɗi ƙwarai, kuma ana yin takin ne daga ƙashin ƙashi. Ambergris kuma ana ciro shi daga jikinsu - abu mai matukar daraja wanda ake samarwa a cikin hanjinsu. Ana amfani da shi wajen yin turare. Tootharfin haƙƙin bahala na haifa yana da daraja kamar hauren giwa.
Hadari ga mutane
Whale ne kawai wanda zai iya haɗiye mutum gaba ɗaya ba tare da taunawa ba.... Koyaya, duk da yawan mace-macen da ake yi yayin farautar mahaifa, waɗannan whale, a bayyane yake, da wuya su haɗiye mutanen da suka shiga cikin ruwa. Tabbatar da shari'ar da aka tabbatar da ita ko ƙasa da haka (har ma Admiralty na Burtaniya ya rubuta shi) ya faru a cikin 1891 kusa da Tsibirin Falkland.
Gaskiya!Wata mahaukaciyar mahaifa ta fado kwale-kwale daga masanin kwale-kwalen mashigar ruwa na "Star of the East", an kashe mai jirgin ruwa daya, dayan kuma, mai shirya harbe-harben James Bartley, ya bata kuma ana zaton shi ma ya mutu.
An kashe mahaɗan whale ɗin da suka nitse jirgin 'yan awanni kaɗan; yankan gawarsa har dare. Da safe, mahautan, bayan sun isa cikin hanjin kifin, sai suka tarar da James Bartley, a sume, a cikin ciki. Bartley ya tsira, kodayake ba tare da sakamakon lafiya ba. Gashin kansa ya zube a kansa, kuma fatarsa ta rasa launinsa kuma ya kasance fari kamar takarda. Dole ne Bartley ya bar kogin whala, amma ya sami kuɗi mai kyau, ya nuna kansa a baje kolin a matsayin mutumin da ya kasance a cikin cikin kifin whale kamar Yunusa na Littafi Mai Tsarki.
