'Yan Somaliyawa sun yi amannar cewa kunkuru da aka cinye tana aiki ne a matsayin mai cutar mutum. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da shi don shirya kwayoyi don maganin cututtukan huhu, gami da tari mai tsawo, ci da asma.
Bayanin damisar damisa
A Nahiyar Afirka, Geochelone pardalis (damisa / damin kunkuru) na biyu ne kawai ga saurin kunkuru a cikin girma, yana girma zuwa kusan 0.7 m a tsayi tare da nauyin kilogiram 50. Wannan wata kunkuru ce mai boye wacce ke lanqame wuyan sa yayin da aka ja kansa a ƙarƙashin harsashi ta hanyar harafin Latin "S"... Wasu masana ilimin herpeto, dangane da tsayin dutsen, sun rarrabe ƙananan ƙira biyu na pardalis na Geochelone. Abokan adawar su na da yakinin cewa jinsin ba zai rabu ba.
Bayyanar
Damisar damisa tana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin doguwa mai kama da dome mai launin rawaya. Aramin dabba, mafi bambancin yanayin duhu akan garkuwar: tare da shekaru, ƙirar ta rasa haskenta. Caraasa mafi sauƙi a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke zaune a Habasha.
Sama koyaushe yana da duhu fiye da ciki (plastron). Kowace kunkuru tana sanya makircin launi na musamman, saboda ba'a sake maimaita yanayin. Saboda gaskiyar nuna rauni na jima'i, ya zama dole a kafa jinsi da ƙarfi, a kifar da kunkuru a bayansa.
Mahimmanci! Doguwar wutsiya, ƙira a cikin filastar (ba koyaushe ba) da ƙari mafi tsayi (a kan bangon mata) carapace za su gaya muku cewa akwai namiji a gabanka.
A girma, mata sun fi na maza... A cewar alkaluma na hukuma, mace mafi girma da nauyinta ya kai kilogiram 20 ta girma zuwa 49.8 cm, yayin da wata babbar damisa mai kunkuru ta cinye har zuwa kilogiram 43 da tsawon ta 0.66 m. Eddo (Afirka ta Kudu), bayan ya gaza a 1976 ya fita daga ramin kansa.
Wuya, kai mai kyau, jela da gabobin jikin dabbobi masu rarrafe an lulluɓe su da sikeli masu ban tsoro. Wuyan yana tafiya a ƙarƙashin carapace, kuma yana iya juyawa zuwa dama / hagu. Hakoran kunkuru damisa sun ɓace, amma an maye gurbinsu da baƙin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Saboda sirrin dabbobi masu rarrafe, ba a fahimci yadda yake rayuwa ba. Misali an san shi, alal misali, tana da saurin kaɗaici kuma tana rayuwa a ƙasa. Don neman abinci, tana iya yin doguwar tafiya ba tare da gajiyawa ba. Kunkuru mai damisa yana da matukar gani (tare da bambancin launuka): musamman komai ja ya kama shi. Yana jin kamar sauran kunkuru, ba sosai ba, amma yana da kyakkyawan ƙanshi. Ciwon mara na dubura, wanda ke samar da sirrin sirri, yana yin ayyuka biyu - yana tsoratar da abokan gaba kuma yana jan hankalin abokin aure.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Damisar damisa na gyara rashin alli ta hanyar nika kasusuwan dabbobin da suka mutu da kuma cin najasa. Don haka karapace tana samun abincin da take buƙata.
Daga rana mai zafi, dabba mai rarrafe ta fake a cikin rami, wacce take nitsar da kanta, amma galibi ta kan yi amfani da ramuka wadanda dabbobin dawa, da diloli da dawakai suka baro. Crawls daga murfi lokacin da zafi ya sauka ko kuma ya fara ruwa.
Har yaushe ne damisar damisa?
An yi imani da cewa a cikin yanayi, kunkuru na panther suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30-50, kuma a cikin fursuna - har zuwa shekaru 70-75.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin damisar damisa ta fadada mafi yawan nahiyar Afirka daga Sudan / Habasha zuwa gefen kudu na babban yankin.
Ana samun dabbobi masu rarrafe a ƙasashe kamar:
- Angola, Burundi da Botswana;
- Congo, Kenya da Mozambique;
- Jamhuriyar Djibouti, Malawi da Habasha;
- Namibia, Somalia da Rwanda;
- Sudan ta Kudu da Afirka ta Kudu;
- Tanzania, Uganda da Swaziland;
- Zambiya da Zimbabwe.
Dabbobin sun fi son yankuna masu bushe-bushe / ƙayoyi waɗanda suke a busassun tsaunuka ko savannas inda akwai ciyayi iri-iri. An hango kunkuru a cikin tsaunuka a tsawan kilomita 1.8-2 a saman tekun. Dabbobi masu rarrafe a dutse, a ƙa'ida, sun fi dabbobi masu rarrafe girma.
Abincin damisa na kunkuru
A cikin daji, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna cin ganye da tsire-tsire (euphorbia, pear da kuma aloe masu danshi. Lokaci-lokaci suna yawo a cikin gonaki, inda suke ɗanɗano kabewa, kankana da ƙumshiya. A cikin fursuna, abincin dabbobi yana ɗan canzawa: ya haɗa da hay, wanda yake da mahimmanci a lokacin hunturu, da sabbin ganye masu ɗanye. Idan ba kwa son kunkuru ya wahala da matsalar cin abinci, to kar ya wuce gona da iri kayan marmari da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Nama bai kamata ya kasance a cikin menu na damin kunkuru ba - wannan tushen furotin (tare da hatsi) na haifar da ƙaruwa, amma kuma yana haifar da cutar koda da hanta.
Mahimmanci! Bai kamata a ciyar da na baya ga kunkuru na gida ba - ƙwayoyin leda suna da phosphorus / calcium kadan, amma sunadarai da yawa, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar dabbobi maras so.
Leopardovs, kamar kowane kunkuru, yana da buƙatar alli don ƙarfi da kyau na kwasfa: wannan ƙarancin samari ne da dabbobi masu ciki suke buƙatarsa. Ana sanya abubuwan kara kuzari (kamar su Repto-Cal) a cikin abinci kawai.
Makiya na halitta
Kayan sulke ba ya tseratar da damisa daga makiya da yawa, wanda mafi tsananin mahimmancin sa mutane ne... 'Yan Afirka suna kashe kunkuru don cin abinci a kan namansu da kwai, yin magunguna masu yawan gaske, tarin kayan kariya da kere kere na karapace.
Abokan gaba na dabbobi masu rarrafe suma sunaye:
- zakuna;
- macizai da kadangaru;
- badgers;
- kuraye;
- jackals;
- mongooses;
- hankaka da gaggafa.
Kunkuru, musamman marasa lafiya da masu rauni, suna jin haushi ƙwarai da ƙwaro da tururuwa, waɗanda da sauri suke cizon laushin sassan jikin kunkuru. Tare da kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun mamaye helminth, parasites, fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Karnuka masu cizon carapace da berayen da ke cizon kafafun kunkuru / wutsiyar suna barazanar kunkuru cikin gida.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A dabi'a, balagar haihuwa a cikin kunkuru tana zuwa yana da shekaru 12-15, idan ya girma zuwa 20-25 cm. A cikin bauta, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna girma cikin sauri kuma sun kai girman nan da shekaru 6-8. Daga wannan lokacin zasu iya fara jima'i.
Lokacin kiwo na kunkuru damisa shine Satumba - Oktoba. A wannan lokacin, maza suna haɗuwa da duels kai tsaye, suna ƙoƙarin kawar da abokan gaba a bayansa. Wanda ya yi nasara ya mallaki mace: a yayin saduwa, sai ya ja wuyansa, ya karkata kansa ga abokin aikinsa kuma ya fitar da sautin da ba shi da kyau.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin kama akwai ƙwai masu tsayi 5-30 masu faɗin diamita daga 2.5 zuwa 5. Masana ilimin herpeto sun ba da shawarar cewa fasali da girman ƙwai sun dogara da yankin mahalli. Idan akwai ƙwai da yawa, kunkuru yana shimfida su a yadudduka, yana raba su da ƙasa.
A lokacin kakar, musamman mata masu haihuwa suna kula da yin kama uku ko fiye. Gwaji a cikin fursuna yakan ɗauki kwanaki 130-150, a yanayi - har zuwa kwanaki 180. A karkashin yanayi mara kyau na waje, shiryawa ya jinkirta har zuwa kwanaki 440 (!). An haifa kunkuru cikakke don rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kabilun da ke zaune a Zambiya da kudancin Habasha suna cin dutsen kunkuru... Bugu da kari, makiyayan Habasha suna amfani da bawon daga kananan kunkuru da aka yanka a matsayin kararrawa. 'Yan Somaliya na tattara dabbobi masu rarrafe don ci gaba da tallata su zuwa kasar Sin da kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda ake matukar bukatar karafuna.
Hakanan, ana sayar da wannan nau'in kunkuru a garin Mto Wa Mbu (Arewacin Tanzania). A nan, a Arewacin Tanzania, akwai ƙabilar Ikoma, waɗanda ke ɗauka cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe dabbobinsu ne. A zamanin yau, ana ɗaukar nau'in mai ɗorewa, duk da mutuwar kunkuru a gobara mai yawa a Gabashin Afirka (Tanzania da Kenya). A shekarar 1975, an sanya kunkuru kunkuru a CITES Shafi na II.
