Jar barewa (lat. Servus elarhus) dabba ce mai shayarwa daga tsarin Artiodactyl, wanda yake na thean gidan Deer da usan tsatson Realasar. Babban dabba yana da siririn jiki.
Bayanin jan barewa
Nau'in Red deer yana da wakiltar yawancin lambobi, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna ba kawai cikin nauyi da girma ba, har ma da launi da wasu halaye:
- Barewa Turai;
- Barewar Caucasian;
- Waƙar,
- Maral;
- Barewar Kirimiya;
- Tugai ko Bukhara barewa;
- Red barewa.
Abubuwan da aka saba dasu don ƙananan ƙananan sune sutura, wanda baya samun launi mai launi a lokacin bazara, da kuma kasancewar isasshen babban farin wuri a ƙarƙashin wutsiya. Red barewa suna da tururuwa tare da matakai da yawa, saboda abin da aka samar da "kambi" na musamman mai sauƙin ganewa a kai a mafi yawan lokuta... A halin yanzu, akwai jimloli guda goma sha biyar na nau'ikan Red deer.
Bayyanar
Peananan rabe-raben sun bambanta da girma. Misali, nauyin manyan marallu da wapiti ya wuce kilogiram 290-300 tare da tsayin jiki na 2.5 m ko sama da haka kuma tsayin babba a bushewa - cm 130-160. -190 cm Launi na jajan barewa ja ne mai launin ruwan kasa-mai-rawaya-rawaya.
Wani tsoho jan barewa ya yi reshe da tururuwa mai zinare biyar ko sama da haka wanda yake yi wa kowane tururuwa kambi. Mata na wannan nau'in ba su da ƙaho. Dabbar ta bambanta da manyan kunnuwa da oval, kazalika da gajeren jela. Bakon da aka haifa yana da launin launi mai launi, amma a cikin wakilin wakilcin jinsin, tabo babu shi ko kuma rauni sosai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Idanun dabbobi na dangin Deer da jinsi na ainihi suna da kyakkyawar halayyar lemu ko ja a dare.
Bayan cinyoyin cinya, yankin da ke kusa da wutsiya, yana da alamar kasancewar "filin" tare da launi mai launi. Irin wannan wutsiyar "madubin" yana ba dabbobi damar rasa juna a cikin yankuna masu ganyayyaki da yawa. A cikin babban jan barewa, hasken "madubi" ya faɗi a bayyane sama da jela kuma ana rarrabe shi da launi mara tsami.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Deer da ke zaune a falon dabbobi dabbobi ne masu zaman kansu, saboda haka suna kiwon garken mutane goma ko sama da haka, suna zaune ƙananan ƙananan yankuna tare da cikakken yanki na kadada 300-400. Dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin shimfidar wurare masu tsaunuka suna yin doguwar tafiya lokaci-lokaci kuma suna iya ɗaukar nisan kilomita 100-150.
Canjin wuri zuwa wurare don hunturu tare da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara yana faruwa a hankali, kuma tsawonsu, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kusan wata ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu. Da farkon zafin Mayu, lokacin da saurin dusar ƙanƙara ke faruwa a yankunan tsaunuka, barewar ta dawo. A cikin yankuna masu zafi sosai na Asiya ta Tsakiya, barewa sun fi so su matsa zuwa kan iyaka tare da yankin hamada da daddare.
A ranakun da suke da zafi sosai, barewa suna ƙoƙari su shiga cikin ruwa su yi kiwo a lokaci mai tsawo, suna canzawa tsakanin ciyarwa da hutawa tsakanin ciyawa. Da farkon lokacin hunturu, dabbobin da suka gaji sun ɗaga kuma suyi dusar ƙanƙan kaɗan, wanda ke ba ku damar samun ramuka masu dumi don hutawa.
Cikakken garken garke shine mafi yawan lokuta tsohuwar mace ke shugabantar ta, wacce kusan ɗanta ke haɗuwa da offspringa ofan shekaru daban-daban... Mafi sau da yawa, yawan mutane a cikin irin wannan garken bai wuce kawuna shida ba. A lokacin bazara, garken shanu da sauri sun watse, kuma a cikin bazara, maza suna tattara abin da ake kira harem. Bayan an gama rutsa, matasa da maraƙi suna shiga ƙungiyar, waɗanda mata manya ke wakilta, don haka garken na iya zuwa mutane talatin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mafi yawan ci gaba da kuma nauyi masu tururuwa suna cikin shekaru goma, saboda haka nauyin tururuwa a cikin maral mai girma kilogram goma ne, kuma a cikin barewar Caucasian - kimanin kilogram 7-8.
Tlearurrukan maza sun fara haɓaka sosai tun daga shekara ɗaya, kuma zuwa lokacin kaka na shekara ta biyu, ana yiwa kawartar dawa ƙwarya da abin da ake kira ossified "ashana" - ƙahonin da ba su da matakai. A kusan watan Afrilu, dawa ke zubar da farkon tururuwa, bayan haka sabbin dabaru ke bunkasa, tare da matakai uku ko hudu. Yayin da suke girma, ƙahonin suna ƙaruwa cikin girma, kuma yawan hanyoyin suna da girma.
Har yaushe ne jan barewa ke rayuwa?
Lokacin da aka tsare su cikin fursuna, jan barewa na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekara talatin, kuma a cikin yanayi ko yanayi na rayuwa, tsawon rayuwar wannan dabba galibi baya wuce shekaru goma sha huɗu. A lokaci guda, mata na kowane yanki a cikin fursuna da yanayin yanayi sun fi maza yawa fiye da maza.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Red deer suna zaune a wurare da yawa na duniyarmu, saboda haka zangonsu yana da girma da yawa. Ana samun wakilai daga dangin Deer da na ainihi Deer kusan a ko'ina cikin Yammacin Turai, da Morocco da Algeria.
Kudancin Scandinavia, Afghanistan da Mongolia, Tibet, kazalika da kudu da gabashin China sun dace da rayuwar barewa. Babban nau'in yaduwar Cervus elaphus da aka karɓa a Arewacin Amurka. Hakanan ana samun dabbobi masu shekaru daban-daban waɗanda suke cikin wannan nau'in a cikin New Zealand da Ostiraliya, Chile da Argentina, inda aka kawo su musamman kuma suka dace sosai.
A cikin ɓangaren Turai na kewayon, barewa sun zaɓi wurare tare da bishiyoyi na itacen oak da gandun daji masu haske.... A cikin yankin Caucasus, a lokacin rani, irin waɗannan dabbobi, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna rayuwa a cikin ɓangarorin sama na belin daji, wanda ke da yawan ciyawar ciyawa tare da manyan ƙafafu. A cikin tsaunukan Sayan da Altai, maralli ya fi son zama a kan wuraren da aka kone ko kuma a saman bangarorin dazuzzuka, daga inda dabbobi ke zuwa makiyayar makiyaya mai tsayi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin Sikhote-Alin, yankuna da gandun daji masu yawa da yawa, da kuma filayen wuraren tsaunuka, suna daga cikin wuraren da aka fi so da jan barewa da ƙarancinsu.
Biraran Bukhara galibi suna rayuwa a yankunan bakin teku masu arziki a cikin bishiyoyi, da kaɗan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi. A Arewacin Amurka, ana samun wapiti galibi a yankunan tsaunuka, kuma suna ba da fifiko ga yankunan da kewayen gandun daji ke musaya da mafi yawan wuraren kiwo.
Jan abincin barewa
Wakilan dangin Deer da na ainihi Deer na ciyarwa kawai akan abincin tsirrai. Abincin gargajiyar gargajiyar irin waɗannan dabbobi yana da wadataccen ciyawa da tsire-tsire iri-iri, harbe-harben bishiyoyi na shekara shekara da bishiyun ganyaye masu daɗi. Tare da farkon lokacin bazara, ana ƙara cin abincin jan barewa tare da mosses da namomin kaza, da iri iri na kayan lambu.
A gefen tekun, galibi akwai yawan algae da raƙuman ruwa ke fitarwa, waɗanda maralas ke ci tare da jin daɗi da yawa. Deer na cin abinci a kan rassan kowane irin bishiyoyi masu yanke itace, gami da itacen oak da beech, Willow da toka, da kuma tuffa na daji da pear.
Yana da mahimmanci a cikin cin abinci na kowane wakilin dangin Deer da jinsi na Real deer suna yin hatsi iri-iri. Wannan nau'in abinci ne mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi a lokacin bazara. Idan da wani dalili tushen abincin gargajiya bai isa ba, to barewa na iya canzawa da kyau zuwa ciyarwa akan allurar pine. Koyaya, irin wannan kayan ƙoshin yana iya haifar da hargitsi a cikin aikin ciki da damuwa a cikin aikin hanjin hanji, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa samari da raunanan mutane ke shafar musamman.
Makiya na halitta
Na halitta, maƙiyin ɗan adam na kowane yanki na jan barewa a halin yanzu kerkeci ne. Mafi yawanci, balagagge, ingantaccen mai lafiya kuma mai cikakkiyar lafiya barewa ba ya farautar sa, saboda haka kawai kerketai masu kerkeci suna farautar manyan mutane. Barewa suna kare kansu daga afkawa maharan da ƙosassu masu ƙarfi. Maza kuma suna amfani da ƙaho mai ƙarfi da girma, ƙaho masu ƙarfi a matsayin babbar kariyarsu.
Dabbobi da damisa, lynxes, wolverines da manyan beyar suna farautar dabbobi masu shayarwa daga umarnin Artiodactyl.... A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, mafi saukin ganima ga mai farauta shine samari kuma ba cikakkiyar ƙarfafa ba ne ko mara lafiya da raunana manya. Koyaya, babban makiyin jan barewa shine ainihin mutum.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Farauta don farauta, wacce ke zaune a yankuna da yawa, an hana ta gaba ɗaya a wasu yankuna, kuma dabbobin da kansu suna da kariya a matsayin wakilan baƙon dabbobi.
Abubuwan da ake kira tururuwa ko waɗanda ba su da ossified barewar dawa na da daraja mai yawa saboda abubuwan magani. Antler dabbobin sakewa sun bayyana shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, kuma ya yadu musamman a Altai. Deer da aka haifa don wannan dalili ana ajiye shi a cikin alkalami na musamman, kuma an yanke tururuwa masu mahimmanci daga dabba mai rai.
Ana amfani da ruwan giya da aka samo daga tururuwa da aka sare daga dabba a aikin likitanci azaman magani na yau da kullun da adaptogenic. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, an yi rijistar cirewa daga jan anguwar barewa kuma an sayar da ita a cikin alamar kasuwanci ta Pantokrin. Yanzu ana amfani da wannan magani azaman ɓangare na matakan maganin warkarwa don cututtukan asthenic ko aiki fiye da kima, tashin hankali na jijiyoyi da neurasthenia.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Maza jan barewa sun zama a shirye don haifuwa ne kawai a shekaru biyu ko uku, kuma mata suna samun balagar jimawa jim kaɗan - a kusan watanni goma sha huɗu zuwa goma sha shida. Ciki mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ja mai barewa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 193-263, yayin cikin tsofaffin mutane, zuriya yakan bayyana ne bayan kwanaki 228-243.
Fawns na wannan nau'in an haife su daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa Yuli. A wannan lokacin, duk jajayen barewar mata sun banbanta daga garke-garke iri daban-daban kuma suna hawa zuwa zurfin zurfin, waɗanda suke a yankin bakin ruwa da koguna. Ana aiwatar da silar haihuwar barewar mata a cikin keɓaɓɓun maɓuɓɓuka waɗanda dabba ta zaɓa. Mace takan haihu ne da fawn daya kawai galibi, amma a wasu lokuta ana haihuwar tagwaye. Matsakaicin nauyin haihuwar jarirai kusan kilogram goma.
Faaramin fawn yana da launuka masu launi iri-iri, wanda ke matsayin kyakkyawan kariya ga dabba kuma yana taimaka masa sauƙaƙa kame kansa a cikin yanayin kewaye. A lokacin makonnin farko na rayuwa, launi ne mai launi wanda shine babban kariyar fawn kuma yana kiyaye shi daga harin mahauta masu yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A tsakanin maza, wani lokacin akan sami wasu mutane wadanda ba sa kaunar fadace-fadace na gargajiya tsakanin dabbobi, sai dai su yi kokarin kutsawa cikin wasu maganganun mutane.
Kwaranu sun fara ciyar da kansu daga shekara daya zuwa wata. Koyaya, daidai yake da cin ciyawa, jariran suna shan nonon mace.
Lokacin shan nono wani lokacin yakan kai shekara daya. Fawn yana girma cikin sauri kuma yana aiki har zuwa kimanin watanni shida, bayan haka haɓakar girma yana raguwa, kuma bayan ya kai shekaru shida girman dabba yakan tsaya gaba ɗaya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Deer yana cikin jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan haɗari masu haɗari daidai da sigar da Internationalungiyar forasa ta Duniya ta Kula da Yanayi ta bayar. Red deer shine mafi girman haɗari ga yankuna na Kudancin Amurka, inda ƙwararrun Southan wasan Kudu Andeer, da yiwuwar guanacos, ke gasa don abinci.
A cikin Ajantina, wakilan jinsunan Red deer da sauri sun bazu a cikin wuraren shakatawa da yawa.... A wasu yankuna, jan barewa na hana dawo da yawan nau'in ciyawar gida. Amfani da tsire-tsire iri-iri a cikin abinci yana da mummunan tasiri ga alamun ƙididdigar yawan al'ummomin tsire-tsire masu rai.
Har zuwa yau, ba a ɗauki wasu matakai na musamman don kawar da jan barewar da ke Kudancin Amurka, amma wakilan jinsunan suna daga cikin abubuwan farautar ganima ta Argentina. Shekaru huɗu da suka gabata, an haɗa jan barewa a cikin jerin dabbobin gona, kuma saboda ƙoƙari na musamman na manoma da yawa, yawan adadin da babban kewayon barewa sun fara girma.
