Bayani da siffofin jan panda
Red panda Dabba ce ta dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin panda. Sunan ya fito daga Latin "Ailurus fulgens", wanda ke nufin "kyanwa mai kama da wuta", "cat-bear". Akwai bayanai game da wannan dabba mai ban mamaki a cikin kasar Sin wacce ta faro tun daga ƙarni na 13, amma Turawa sun koya ne kawai a ƙarni na 19.
Jan Panda ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin duniya saboda aikin masana halitta Thomas Hardwick da Frederic Cuvier. Waɗannan mutane biyu sun ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban kimiyya kuma suka buɗe ɗayan mafi ƙarancin ƙafa huɗu a duniya.
Red fanda sau da yawa ana kwatanta ta da kuli, amma waɗannan dabbobin ba su da yawa a cikin abu ɗaya. Kodayake ana ɗaukan wannan nau'in panda da ƙanana, amma ya fi girman girma fiye da kyanwa ta gida. Tsawon jikin ya kusan santimita 50-60, kuma wutsiya galibi tana zuwa santimita 50. Namiji yana da nauyin kilo 3.8-6.2, matan kuma yana da nauyin kilo 4.2-6.
Jiki ya yi tsawo, ya yi tsayi. Suna da babban wutsiya mai laushi, wacce ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar wannan dabbar. Kan jan fanda mai faɗi ne, tare da gajere, ɗan ƙarami mai tsayi da kaifi, kunnuwa ƙanana ne kuma zagaye.
Paws ƙanana ne a cikin girma, kodayake, maimako mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da fika-da za'a iya jansu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda dabba ke hawa cikin sauki cikin bishiyoyi yana manne da rassa, sannan kuma yana sauka kasa da sauki, taka tsantsan da kuma alheri na musamman.
Launin jan panda baƙon abu ne kuma yana da kyau ƙwarai. Rigar dabbar ba ta da launi daidai, yawanci na rage shi zuwa baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kuma daga sama ja ne ko ƙanƙara.
A baya, gashin gashi suna da rawaya ja maimakon ja. Kafafuwan baƙar fata ne zalla, amma kai yana da haske, kuma ƙasan kunnuwa gaba ɗaya fari ne, kamar zane-zane a fuska.
Abin mamaki ne cewa yanayin fuskar jan panda ta musamman ce kuma ta musamman ga kowace dabba, a yanayi babu launuka iri biyu masu kama da juna. Har ila yau, wutsiyar tana da launi mai ban mamaki wanda ba shi da kyau, babban launi ja ne, kuma ana ganin zobba na sihiri a kai, launuka da yawa sun yi haske.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa jan panda yana cikin littafin Red Book na duniya kamar dabbobi a cikin haɗari mai haɗari. An rarraba wannan rukunin dabbobi a matsayin masu haɗari, bisa ga majiyoyi daban-daban, akwai daga mutane 2,500 zuwa 10,000 da suka rage a duniya.
A cikin mazauninta na asali, babu kusan makiya ga jan Panda, amma, sare dazuzzuka da farauta kusan sun kashe yawan jama'a. Furucin su na musamman ya sanya waɗannan dabbobin suna da daraja a kasuwa, don haka akwai mugu farautar jan Panda, wanda yawancin manya da yara sun mutu a ciki.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Hoton jan panda ne suna da kirki da kauna, a dabi'ance lallai ne su yi gwagwarmayar wanzuwar su, amma gaba daya suna da lumana kuma abokantaka ce sosai.
Wannan ba yana nufin cewa panda abu ne mai sauƙin kamawa ba, amma suna da sauƙi a cikin zaman talala, a cikin mazaunin wucin gadi. An jera Panda a cikin Littafin Ja, don haka yanzu masana suna yin duk mai yuwuwa don waɗannan kyawawan "beyar" ba su ɓacewa kwata-kwata.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ana fuskantar barazanar rayuwar panda ja, saboda haka, don ceton rayukansu da haihuwar sababbi, suna ƙirƙirar duka mafaka.
Yanzu akwai shaidar da ke nuna cewa kusan dabbobi 350 suna rayuwa ne a gidan ajiyar namun daji 85 a duniya, inda ake samar musu da yanayin rayuwa da abincin da ake bukata. Akwai lokutan da pandas ja ke murna da haihuwar 'ya'yansu, har ma a cikin bauta.
A cikin mazauninsu, pandas galibi ba dare ba rana. Da rana, sun fi son hutawa, suna kwana a rami, yayin da suke dunƙulewa cikin ƙwallo kuma koyaushe suna rufe kansu da jelarsu. Idan dabbar ta ji haɗari, ita ma ta hau saman bishiyar, kuma, ta amfani da launinta, ta ɓad da kama can.
Bishiyoyi wuri ne mafi kyau a gare su fiye da shimfidar ƙasa, inda pandas ja suke jin rashin jin daɗi kuma suna tafiya a hankali a hankali kuma a hankali. Amma duk da haka dole ne su gangara zuwa duniya don neman abinci. Pandas suna da yarensu, wanda yafi kama da bushewar tsuntsu ko kuwwa. Dabbobi suna yin gajeren sautuna waɗanda ke taimaka musu sadarwa da juna.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na jan panda
Lokacin kiwo na jan Panda yana cikin watan Janairu. Tsarin ciki da ci gaban tayi a cikin wannan dabba yana faruwa ta wata hanya ta musamman. Pandas suna da abin da ake kira diapause, wanda zai iya zama na tsawon lokaci, ma'ana, wannan shine lokacin tsakanin ɗaukar ciki da haɓakar jariri a jikin uwa. Ci gaban tayin da kansa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 50, amma kafin haihuwar jaririn, la'akari da diapause, zai iya ɗaukar fiye da kwanaki 120.
Alamar cewa za a haifi ɗiya ba da daɗewa ba ita ce abin da ake kira "gida" wanda uwar fanda take ginawa a cikin ɓarkewar itace daga rassa da ganyaye. A wannan keɓantaccen wurin, yara ƙanana sun bayyana, suna da nauyin kusan gram 100, yayin da suke makafi da kurma.
Hoton jan panda ne da ɗiya
Launin jariri ya bambanta daga launin shuɗi zuwa launin toka, amma ba ja mai wuta ba. A ƙa'ida, mace tana haihuwar yara 1-2, amma yana faruwa sau huɗu lokaci ɗaya, duk da haka, galibi ɗayansu ne ke rayuwa.
Yara suna girma a hankali kuma a lokaci guda koyaushe suna buƙatar kulawa. Sai a rana ta 18 kawai suke buɗe idanunsu, kuma daga wata uku zuwa 3 suka fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi.
A lokaci guda, a karon farko, sun bar “gida” na asali don su sami ƙwarewar neman abinci da kansu. Kimanin watanni 3, kalar rigar ma tana canzawa, kowace rana kubar tana zama kamar iyayenta.
Lokacin da yara suka sami ƙarfi kuma suka sami cikakkiyar sifa mai launi irin ta manya, su, tare da mahaifiyarsu, sukan bar wurin jin daɗin zama inda suka zauna suka fara yawo, bincika yankin.
Yana da shekara 1.5, pandas matasa sun kai ga balagar jima'i, amma, ana ɗaukar pandas shekaru 2-3 da haihuwa manya. Jan Panda na iya kawo zuriya sau ɗaya kawai a shekara, don haka yawansu ba zai iya ƙaruwa da sauri ba, zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa.
A dabi'a, jan pandas yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10. Akwai lokacin da pandas ke rayuwa tsawon shekaru 15, amma waɗannan ban da ban ne. A cikin zaman talala, a cikin mazaunin da aka kirkira musu kayan kwalliya, Pandas ja yayi rayuwa kadan, kimanin shekaru 12. Akwai wata shari'ar lokacin da panda ta rayu kusan shekaru 19.
Abinci
Kodayake na rarraba jan pandas a matsayin masu cin nama, kusan dukkanin abincin shine ciyayi. Ana daukar Pandas a matsayin mai farauta saboda tsari na musamman na tsarin narkewar abinci, ba kuma saboda fifikon abincinsu ba.
Shoarancin gora matasa, 'ya'yan itace, namomin kaza, da fruitsa fruitsan itace da dama ana ɗaukarsu ta musamman don jan Panda. Rodananan rodents da ƙwai tsuntsaye sun mamaye 5% na abincin da aka cinye.
Tunda dabbobi suna cin abinci mafi yawancin kalori, suna buƙatar sha kusan kilogram 2 na abinci kowace rana domin wadata jikinsu da wadataccen makamashi.
Idan buden panda yaci abinci kawai akan samarin gora, to tana bukatar cin abinci fiye da kilogram 4 kowace rana. Don wannan za ta buƙaci kimanin awanni 14-16. Don haka, panda yana taunar abubuwan da yake kula da su mafi yawan yini.
A cikin gidan namun daji, ina ciyar da pandas tare da hatsi tare da madara (galibi shinkafa) don ƙara yawan abincin kalori na abincin da ake ci. Gabaɗaya, abincin jan Panda na musamman ne, don haka ga waɗanda suke son samun irin waɗannan dabbobi kamar dabbobin gida, zai zama yana da matsala sosai don samar da abinci mai kyau.
Idan abincin bai daidaita ba, to jan Panda zai fara fama da cututtuka daban-daban na tsarin narkewar abinci, kuma wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar dabbar.
