Jemage (lat. Na dogon lokaci, ana ɗaukan jemage ne kawai a matsayin ƙananan yankuna, amma bayanan karyological da kwayoyin halitta ya tabbatar da cewa rukunin ƙungiyar ne.
Bayanin jemage
Jemage suna rayuwa a duniyarmu tsawon shekaru miliyoyi da yawa, kuma abubuwan da aka gano da kwarangwal irin wannan dabbar sun koma zamanin Eocene.... A cewar masana kimiyya, mafi dadaddun halittu kusan ba su bambanta da mutanen zamani ba, amma bayyanar iyawar su ta tashi ba ta sami bayanin kimiyya ba tukuna.
Bayyanar
Duk da bambance-bambancen da ke bayyane a cikin girma da bayyanar wakilan jinsunan jemage daban-daban, akwai halaye da yawa da ke haɗa su. Jikin jemagu an rufe shi da fur, wanda ke da inuwar haske a ciki. Fuka-fukan irin wannan dabbar sun banbanta tsakanin 15-200 cm.Girman fuka-fukan zai iya zama daban, gami da hawa da sauka a tsawonsa da kuma fadi, amma tsarinsu iri daya ne. Fuka-fukan dabba da membobi na fata suna sanye da tsokoki da jijiyoyin roba, saboda hutawa ana matse su sosai a jiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Jemage suna tashi tare da taimakon fikafikan yanar gizo, wadanda ke tafiya tare da aiki tare da gabar kafafu.
Hannun goshin jemage suna da kyau sosai, gami da gajerun kafaɗu masu ƙarfi da kuma ƙafafun kafa masu tsayi sosai ta hanyar radius ɗaya. Claafataccen ƙugiya yana a saman babban yatsan ƙafar, kuma membran ɗin fikafikan, waɗanda suke a kan tarnaƙi, suna da goyan bayan wasu yatsu masu tsayi.
Matsakaicin tsawon jela, da siffar jiki kai tsaye ya dogara da nau'in mutum. Kasancewar abin da ake kira ƙwarin kashi, da ake kira "spur", yana bawa yawancin jinsuna damar buɗe fikafikansu cikin sauƙi har zuwa jela.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Kusan dukkanin jemage, tare da sauran jemagu, sun fi son salon rayuwar dare, don haka suna bacci da rana, suna rataye kawunansu ƙasa ko ɓoyewa a cikin duwatsu, bishiyoyi da gine-gine. A matsayin mafaka ga wakilan masu shayarwar Dabbobi da Jemage masu tsari, mutum na iya yin la'akari da ramuka masu girman ciki a cikin bishiyoyi, kogwanni da kuma gwatattun abubuwa, da kuma kayan kwalliya daban-daban na sama da ƙasa.
Jemage yana iya fadowa cikin wani yanayi na rashin nutsuwa, wanda ke tare da raguwar saurin hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa, raguwar karfin numfashi da raguwar bugun zuciya. Yawancin wakilan jinsin suna fada cikin dogon lokaci na rashin bacci na wani lokaci, wani lokacin yakan dauki tsawon watanni takwas. Toarfin sauƙaƙe iya sarrafa ƙimar rayuwa a jiki yana bawa jemage kwari damar cin abinci tsawon lokaci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yayin motsi na yau da kullun, jemagu masu girma suna iya zuwa saurin 15 km / h, amma yayin farautar, dabbar tana hanzarta zuwa 60 km / h.
Yawancin jinsuna suna rayuwa a cikin mahalli daban-daban, amma halayen jemage suna da kamanceceniya.... Irin waɗannan dabbobin ba sa gina gida, amma salon rayuwar keɓancewa halayyar aan jinsin ne kaɗai. A yayin hutawa, jemagu suna ƙoƙari su kula da bayyanar su sosai, saboda haka suna tsabtace fikafikansu, ciki da kirji a hankali. Alamar motsi a wajen lokacin bazara ta dogara ne da halayen nau'ikan halittu, sabili da haka, wasu wakilan suna da halin rashin ƙarfi, kuma jemagu da yawa na iya hawa da kyau tare da taimakon ƙafafun kafa masu ƙarfi.
Jemage nawa ke rayuwa
Jemage na kowane nau'i na iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobi da yawa a cikin ajin Mammal. Misali, matsakaicin tsawon rai na jemage mai launin ruwan kasa da aka rubuta yau shekara talatin ne ko fiye.
Jemage na jemagu
Akwai nau'ikan jemagu masu yawa, kuma jinsunan jemagu suna da halaye na daban na kwanyar da yawan hakora:
- Bananan jemagu marasa ƙarfi ko Honduras - wasu daga kananan dabbobi har zuwa 45 mm tsawo. Dabbar sonar tana zaune a cikin Honduras da ƙasashe a Amurka ta Tsakiya. Yana ciyar da 'ya'yan itace. An haɗu da mutane cikin dangi, galibi sun ƙunshi kawuna biyar da shida;
- Jemagu masu jan hanci - dabbobi masu tsawon jiki har zuwa mm 33 kuma nauyin su 2.0 g. hanci yana kama da alamar alade a bayyanar. Suna zaune galibi a cikin Thailand da ƙasashe maƙwabta, inda suke zama a cikin kogon farar ƙasa. Dabbobin suna cin abinci a cikin gora da kaurin teak;
- Jemage na dare - wakilin ɗayan manyan iyalai a cikin nau'ikan raƙuman sha uku. Dabbar ta bazu a Arewacin Afirka da kasashen Turai, inda take zama a cikin dasa shuki mai dausayi. Tsawon babban jemage rabin mita ne. Tana farauta da yamma kuma kafin wayewar gari don butterflies, beetles da wasu tsuntsaye;
- Yawo mai kare da dila ko "linzamin 'ya'yan itace" - dukkanin jinsunan jemage 'ya'yan itace tare da madaidaiciyar bakin bakin ciki. Tsawon babbar dabba babba ita ce 40-42 cm tare da nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram da kuma fikafikansa har zuwa cm 70. Dabbar da ba ta da lahani tana ciyar da fruita fruitan fruita fruitan itace da nea floweran fure. Countriesasashen Asiya masu zafi;
- Jemage masu hanci mara kyau - dangin da nau'ikan ɗari uku suka wakilta, waɗanda aka rarrabe su da muzam mai santsi ba tare da haɓakar cartilaginous ba. Lessananan ƙasa da nau'ikan arba'in suna zaune a ƙasarmu, waɗanda ke hibernate tare da farkon lokacin hunturu;
- Ushany - jemagu tare da manyan kunnuwa masu gano wuri, gajere da fadi. Tsawon jiki bai wuce 50-60 mm ba. Abincin yana wakiltar butterflies, sauro, ƙwaro da sauran kwari masu ruɗuwa da dare;
- Bat din Bulldog - dabbar tana da kunkuntar musamman, mafi tsayi da fikafikai masu kaifi, wanda ke ba ta damar yin sama-sama a yayin tashi. Tsawon jiki kawai cm 4-14 ne. Suna zaune a yankuna masu zafi, inda suke haɗuwa cikin yankuna tare da lambobi daban-daban na mutane.
Babban abin sha'awa shine jemage na vampire, wanda ke cikin rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma suna da matsala ba kawai ga sauran dabbobi ba, har ma ga mutane. Idan aka ciza daga dabba, ana yada cututtukan cututtuka masu saurin kisa.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Mazaunan jemage da jemagu kusan kusan sun dace da yankin rarraba dukkan wakilan umarnin jemagu. Yawancin jemagu suna da yankuna na musamman da ake amfani dasu don farauta da neman abinci; sabili da haka, wakilan jemagu sukan ba da umarni sau da yawa akan wannan hanyar.
Jemage na cin abinci
Jemage suna da alamun yanayin rayuwa mai saurin gaske, wanda hakan yana buƙatar ɗimbin abinci. A ƙa'ida, jemage mai ƙwarin kwari kwari yana iya cin abinci kowane dare adadin abinci daidai da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na nauyinsa. Kamar yadda lura ya nuna, a wani lokacin bazara, mulkin mallaka wanda ya kunshi daruruwan mutane na iya lalata dan kadan fiye da dubu 500 na kowane irin kwari, gami da kwari na noma ko na gandun daji. Largestungiyoyin da suka fi girma suna iya kashe sama da kwari sama da miliyan goma a lokacin bazara ɗaya.
Mahimmanci! Anananan yanki na membobin membobin reshe suna ba da gudummawa ga saurin danshi; sabili da haka, rashin samun ruwa kyauta shine galibi abin da ke haifar da rashin ruwa da mutuwar jemage.
Galibi ana rarrabe nau'ikan yanayi mai zafi da harshe mai tsayi... Suna ciyarwa galibi akan fure ko ƙura, wanda ke taimaka wa haifuwa da tsire-tsire masu yawa. Babu nau'ikan jemagu masu yawan cin nama. Ana halayyar su da kasancewar hakora manya manya masu kaifi, kuma yawancin abincinsu ana wakiltar su ne da ƙananan beraye da ƙananan tsuntsaye.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na jemagu sune falcons, masu sha'awar sha'awa, shaho da mujiya, da macizai, martens da weasels. Koyaya, babban makiyinsu shine mutum. Babban koma baya da yawan jemagu ya samo asali ne sakamakon amfani da sinadarai masu guba wajen noman amfanin gona.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Yawan mita da halaye na yaduwar jemage kai tsaye sun dogara ne da manyan halayensu da kuma mazauninsu na asali:
- Jemage masu sanƙo-zuriya - 'ya'ya: 1-2, sau da yawa ƙasa da jarirai 3-4 a shekara;
- Ushan - zuriya: ɗaya, mafi sau da yawa sau biyu a kowace shekara;
- "Flying Fox" - zuriya: yaro daya a kowace shekara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Jemage na bulldog shine nau'in da kawai ke iya hayayyafa sau biyu ko sau uku a shekara, amma maraƙi ɗaya ne aka haifa a cikin kowane zuriya.
Yawancin jinsuna da ƙananan jemagu suna yin kiwo sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma mace tana haihuwar ƙuru ɗaya kawai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Wani muhimmin ɓangare na nau'in yana cikin nau'in dabbobi marasa ƙanana... Wasu jinsunan jemage sun bace kwata-kwata, gami da doguwar fuka-fukai (Miniortherus schreibersii), kuma jinsunan jemage masu kaifin baki da kazhan masu launuka biyu suna cikin littafin Red Book. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, halin da ake ciki da yawan jemagu ya inganta, wanda ya faru ne saboda raguwar amfani da sinadarai don dalilai na tattalin arziki kawai.
